Tensile membrane structure is a spatial structure form that uses the tensile force of membrane material as the main support structure, and its morphological requirements are mainly affected by the following factors:
1. Structural design requirements.
The design of tensile membrane structure mainly includes prestress design, morphological design and connection design. Prestressing design is the key, which requires the structure to have sufficient stiffness and stability when bearing the loads such as self-weight, snow load, and live load, so as to ensure the normal use and safety of the structure. The morphological design should be determined according to the requirements of the architect and the functional requirements of the structure, which requires the structure to have a beautiful appearance and a good sense of space. The connection design requires that the structure can transmit enough force at the nodes to ensure the integrity of the structure.
2. Material requirements.
The membrane material with tensile membrane structure should have good tensile strength, durability and fire resistance, and at the same time, the material should be light in weight and easy to install. Commonly used membrane materials are polyester fiber, glass fiber and steel fiber, which can be used alone or compounded as needed. In addition, the coating of the membrane should also have good durability and self-cleaning performance to maintain the appearance and service life of the structure.
3. Construction requirements.
There are two main construction methods for tensile membrane structures: skeleton method and direct tension method. The skeleton method is to install the steel skeleton at the construction site, and then install the membrane on itThe direct tensioning method is to directly tension the membrane to a predetermined position and fix it. During construction, it is required to strictly control the magnitude and direction of tensile force to ensure that the geometry and stress state of the structure meet the design requirements. At the same time, necessary measures should be taken during the construction process to prevent the occurrence of tearing, wrinkling and slippage of the membrane.
Fourth, environmental requirements.
The tensile membrane structure is suitable for various climatic conditions and environmental factors, but different environmental conditions have a certain impact on the performance and durability of the membrane. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the local climate, environmental conditions and natural disasters when selecting membrane materials and design, and take corresponding measures to ensure the safety and stability of the structure. For example, in cold regions, it is necessary to choose a membrane with good cold resistance, and in a high temperature area, it is necessary to choose a membrane with good thermal insulation properties.
To sum up, the morphological requirements of tensile membrane structures mainly include structural design requirements, material requirements, construction requirements and environmental requirements. These factors should be fully considered during the design and construction process to ensure the stability and safety of the structure, while meeting the needs of the architect and the client for the appearance and functionality of the structure.