The pipa usually consists of four strings, a configuration that is deeply ingrained in Chinese tradition. Each of these four strings has a specific tone and function, providing a wide range of performance space for the players. First, let's understand the tonality of the lute strings. Traditionally, the four strings of the pipa are tuned to the Yanqing key, and the note order of this tonality is "Yan", "Qing", "Jiao", and "Gong", and the corresponding sound names are d, a, e, a. This tonality allows the pipa to show a deep and powerful timbre when playing, providing the player with a rich and expressive power. 
In terms of materials, traditional lute strings are made of silk threads, which are soft and elastic to produce a warm and soft tone. However, with the development of technology, modern lute strings may also be made of nylon or wire. These new materials offer increased durability and stability, providing more accurate pitch and timbre. 
For playing technique, different strings produce different tones and tones. Through the control and change of different strings, the performer can show the unique charm and expressiveness of the pipa. For example, a player can create a rich tone and emotion through the pressure, speed, and finger movement of the strings. At the same time, they can also create new ** effects and styles by combining different strings and techniques. 
Overall, the four strings of a lute are the key factors that make up the range and character of its basic playing. Through the mastery and technical use of these strings, the performers are able to create a rich variety of performances. Whether it is a traditional silk string or a modern nylon wire string, it can play a unique charm in the hands of the performer.