Many people have the impression that a 40 or 45-minute lesson has become the standard in primary and secondary school classrooms. In the next step, this stereotype may be shattered, and a class will appear in different lengths. A few days ago, the competent departments of education in many places issued guidance on the curriculum construction of compulsory education schools, making it clear that schools should give full play to the autonomy of curriculum setting and management, handle the relationship between standardized implementation and personality development, and make full use of the national plan and provincial implementation measures to leave school scheduling space under the condition of ensuring that the total duration of the weekly curriculum remains unchangedIndependently determine the number of weekly class hours of each subject, independently determine the specific duration of each class, and flexibly offer long and short coursesoneCompared with the current fixed class time, the scientific basis of the long and short course system lies in the students' learning concentration and cognitive rules. Psychologists have found that people do not have a high concentration for a long time. As a result, it is difficult for students to maintain a high level of concentration when they spend a long time in class, and their learning efficiency will also be affected. From this point of view, it may be more effective to teach more difficult lessons in the form of short lessons, during the time when students are most concentrated. In fact, the adjustment of the short duration of the lesson has been practiced before. As early as 2016, the Jinan Municipal Bureau of Education tried to delegate autonomy over curriculum to schools, allowing schools to arrange short lesson lengths according to actual needs. This flexible class schedule, such as 30-minute and 20-minute short classes and 50-minute long classes, takes into account the characteristics of different subjects and course types. **During the teaching period, the Ministry of Education and local education departments have also issued relevant normative opinions, requiring the duration of each teaching activity for primary school students to be 15-20 minutes in principle, and 25-30 minutes for middle school students, and to increase the rest interval. Flexible teaching through the online platform not only ensures the teaching effect, but also allows students to learn efficiently at home. These successful practices have provided strong support for the promotion of the long and short course system. 
The advantage of the long and short course system is not only to adapt to the learning patterns of students, but also to its flexibility. The traditional 40-minute class is easy to manage, but it is difficult to take into account the characteristics of different subjects and course types. For example, for some cooperation and discussion classes, due to their interactivity and strong sense of experience, it is advisable to extend the class duration so that students can get full exercise. Therefore, the long and short course system allows schools to flexibly adjust the class time according to the course content and the needs of studentsTeach according to the lesson"It makes it possible. This is not only conducive to refining the curriculum design and improving the teaching effect, but also plays a positive role in protecting students' eyesight and reducing safety accidents, which fundamentally embodies the core essence of quality education. II. II. IIHowever, it is not easy to achieve long and short courses, and there are many practical difficulties that need to be solved. Coming up with a proper curriculum can be a huge challenge for schools. Especially in schools with a large number of students and cumbersome courses, designing a curriculum can be a trigger for the whole body, causing a series of complex management problems. What cannot be ignored is that some school administrators and teachers have long been accustomed to a 40-minute lessonPreconceived notions and habits are hard to change for a while. Moreover, this is also a huge test of the school's management and teachers' ability, because many people lack the necessary experience and ability to arrange long and short classes and take long and short classes. In addition, most of the current teaching evaluation system still revolves around 40-minute classesEvaluate the "baton".If it remains unchanged, it will be difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of teaching reform and innovation, and restrict their willingness to explore the mechanism of long and short courses. 
ThreeHaving difficulties does not mean that you will not do it, and the greater the difficulty of change, the greater the room for exploration. Breaking the "40-minute lesson" is a positive signal, we need the courage and confidence to accept the challenge, try hard to practice, actively summarize experience, and ensure the implementation of the policy. How to do it?First of all, inDesign a curriculumSchools can focus on their own school conditions and learning conditions, combine the national curriculum, local curriculum and school-based curriculum, carry out sufficient investigation, analysis and judgment, clarify information such as subjects, class hours, resources, etc., and innovate the form of teaching organization. If necessary, we can cooperate with a third-party organization to assist in the development of a more accurate curriculum. In the process of implementation, appropriate adjustments should be made according to the specific problems that arise, and the course ratio and class duration should be improved. At the same time, we can also learn from the successful experience of online teaching and combine online and offline teaching to create a more efficient and flexible teaching model. Secondly, inTeachers are matchedIn view of the possible resistance and lack of capacity of school administrators and teachers, relevant training and guidance need to be strengthened. We should focus on teachers' professional development, help teachers understand the meaning and value of the long and short course system through professional training, teaching and research activities and open classes, and improve their ability to design and control long and short courses, and encourage teachers to actively adapt to and embrace change with the growth and development of students as the core. For example, teachers with successful experience in long and short classes or online teaching can be invited to share and communicate with each other, so as to stimulate more teachers' enthusiasm for innovation. Finally, yesIn terms of teaching evaluation。On the one hand, the education management department should encourage schools to take the initiative to reform "tailored to their needs", give schools greater freedom in setting class hours, and make corresponding adjustments in teaching evaluation, awards, and evaluation. The quality of classroom teaching and students' core literacy are mostly used as the main evaluation indicators to reduce the rigid requirements for the number and duration of courses. On the other hand, schools should also establish a corresponding evaluation system for long and short courses, with process evaluation and comprehensive evaluation as the main body, and timely feedback on the implementation quality of long and short courses, so as to stimulate teachers' enthusiasm for teaching long and short courses. In addition, multiple evaluation methods such as student evaluation and parent evaluation can also be introduced to more comprehensively understand the teaching effect of the long and short course system, and provide a basis for further improvement. 
Breaking the "40-minute class" and carrying out long and short classes is a good way to benefit students, and it is also a very challenging task of classroom teaching reform. In line with the principle of being responsible for each student, for:The combination of long and short courses with reform should neither rush to achieve results nor "retreat in the face of difficulties", but should be cautiously explored and gradual and orderly。Only in this way can we truly innovate and develop education so that every student can thrive in the classroom that works best for them.
Written by丨Lu Huaqing.
Source丨Shandong Education News Network.
Editor丨Zhou Yusen review丨Li Yong.