Talent is the primary resource, an important indicator to measure the country's comprehensive strength, and the key to winning the initiative in international strategic competition. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the company has made a major deployment for all-round training, introduction and use of talents. In particular, the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) for the first time devoted a special chapter to the work of talents together with education and scientific and technological innovation in the report of the conference, which fully reflected the extreme importance of talent work in the new era and new journey. It can be said that effective talent work is an important prerequisite for the historic achievements and historic changes in various undertakings of the party and the country in the new era in the past 10 years, and is a magic weapon for the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation on the new journey.
At the same time, we must see that in the face of a turbulent and changing world, a severe and complex external environment, increasingly fierce international competition, and the arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, the inadaptability and imperfection of China's talent work has become increasingly prominent, and some old and difficult problems have not been solved for a long time, and now they have become a strategic bottleneck restricting China from building a new development pattern and achieving high-quality development. In order to smoothly realize the transformation of a large country with human resources into a country with strong talents, and cultivate a large contingent of talented people who can meet the requirements of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation, we must speed up the solution of four difficult problems.
Reverse the mismatch between supply and demand
Talent mismatch is a long-standing and difficult problem that has not been solved in China's talent supply and demand pattern, and now it has increasingly become an important bottleneck for building a new development pattern and achieving high-quality development. On the one hand, there is a shortage of talents in some important fields, and it is difficult to find talents, and there is even a "labor shortage" in some industries and regionsOn the other hand, some departments have a large number of redundant and idle talents, and the problem of employment difficulties for college graduates and other groups is becoming more and more prominent. In general, China is a big country in human resources, higher education has entered the popularization stage, the total number of talents is not a fundamental problem, and there are tens of millions of graduates with a bachelor's degree or above every year. However, in reality, there is a serious shortage of foreign-related talents who adapt to China's participation in global governance and international strategic games, especially high-end law, think tanks, and first-class talents, and can take on the role of overcoming scientific and technological difficulties, solving the "stuck neck" problem, and seizing the commanding heights of the new scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. The supply of innovative talents urgently needed in new strategic places such as green and low-carbon development exceeds demand, the relative lack of leaders in promoting rural revitalization and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and the fact that we vigorously develop high-end productive modern service industries are still constrained by talents, etc. In the past two years, there has been a high degree of enthusiasm for promoting digitalization, intelligence and greening, but due to the limitation of talents, many places have listed plans and funds but have not been able to come up with specific projects and plans to implement them. According to the list of the 100 occupations with the "most scarce jobs" in the country in the third quarter of 2022 released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, 39 are from the manufacturing sector. It is expected that by 2025, the gap will reach 30 million, with a gap rate of 48%, of which only high-end CNC machine tools and robots may reach 4.5 million. Talent mismatch seriously restricts the improvement of total factor productivity and seriously hinders the transformation to high-quality development. With the in-depth development of new technological revolution and industrial transformation and the intensification of international geostrategic games, the risk and challenge factors in the external environment of China's development are rising, China's economy is facing unprecedented interference and resistance to the high-end of the international industrial chain, and the impact of talent mismatch is rising. We must grasp and deal with the problem of talent mismatch from a strategic height, take comprehensive measures, treat both the symptoms and the root causes, make full use of big data and intelligent means to comprehensively analyze all aspects of the factors affecting talent allocation, identify the main reasons for talent mismatch, accelerate the completion of the shortcomings and weaknesses in the talent allocation, strengthen the supply-side structural reform in the field of education, focus on the development of the party and the country in the next 10 years or even longer, plan the layout of educational resources, improve the forward-looking and adaptive coupling degree of talent supply and the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country, and strengthen talent training and vocational training in a timely manner according to the requirements of the development of new technologies, new industries and new business formsto promote the transformation of the development pattern and the improvement of total factor productivity by optimizing the allocation of talents.
Corrective evaluation criteria oriented
What is talent?How do you evaluate talents?What are the criteria for talent?These problems are directly related to the orientation and effectiveness of talent work, and are a fundamental issue in talent governance. **The general secretary emphasized: "It is necessary to innovate the talent evaluation mechanism, establish and improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents oriented by innovation ability, quality and contribution, and form and implement an evaluation system that is conducive to the research and innovation of scientific and technological talents." The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to reform the academician system, promote a series of reforms such as the talent development system and mechanism, and the talent classification and evaluation mechanism, all of which reflect the important requirements of the general secretary and open up a new situation in talent work in the new era. At the same time, it should also be noted that at present, in the talent evaluation, "a ruler to measure to the end", "one size fits all", "only the first hat" and other problems are still serious, and the classification management, classification evaluation, no difference, and full coverage of talent work are not enough, some "talents" are not worthy of the name, and some talents have not been affirmed and recognized. For example, the phenomenon of "official standard" in party and government organs is still prominent, the classified management of different types of professional personnel is still insufficient, and the vast majority of staff members are measured by their positions and ranks, and it is difficult to fully reflect the value of their professional standards. Teachers, doctors and other professionals indiscriminately rely on ** and works to evaluate their professional titles, which makes those teachers and doctors who are only good at teaching and educating people, treating diseases and saving people but are not good at or even do not like to write articles and make treatises, and some doctors with works are not good at clinical experience and poor treatment results, and some professors who are good at writing are not generally recognized by students in the classroom. Is it important for agricultural technicians to serve farmers or is it important to write **?Is the effectiveness of his work measured by the rate of increase in land productivity or by the amount of publications?A large number of innovative talents and inventors in all aspects of private enterprises and even working alone lack suitable channels to evaluate the corresponding professional titles and titles. It can be said that the talent evaluation in the "only the best works" orientation, is the talent governance in the effective classification of the insufficient, lazy government of the outstanding performance, it and the "only hat" tendency, on the one hand, promote the phenomenon of talent bubble, mislead talent energy and resource investment, but also to some good at drilling pseudo talent to provide a certain space;On the other hand, it has narrowed the channel for the growth of talents, and suppressed a considerable number of talents with real talents and practical learning to get the value recognition they deserve in a timely manner. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed: "focus on the comparative advantages of international competition". In order to realize this strategic deployment, we must give full play to the role of the "baton" and "wind vane" of talent evaluation, overcome the shortcomings of extensive talent classification and single evaluation standards, optimize and refine the framework of talent governance, strengthen the governance of talent classification, formulate corresponding evaluation standards and systems for different types of talents, and let talent evaluation return to its original origin, and effectively measure talents from ability, quality and contribution, and fundamentally eliminate the idea of "official standard".It is necessary to carry out overall management of talents in the whole society, establish an open talent evaluation and certification system for all talents in the whole society, and treat all kinds of units and talents of all forms of ownership equallyThe recipient must be given a greater right to speak, the doctor must listen to the patient's evaluation whether it is good or not, the teacher must let the students talk about whether the level is good, and how to let the enterprise identify and benefit the technological innovation achievements, etc.;It is necessary to enhance the attractiveness, charisma, and cohesion of China's talent governance system, and realize the effect of "Zhou Gong spits and feeds, and the world returns to the heart" in talent governance.
Create an atmosphere of inclusive exploration
Talent stands out and emerges in large numbers in a tolerant social atmosphere. We often say that we should "encourage innovation and tolerate failure", but in fact it is easier said than done. Huazhong University of Science and Technology associate professor Xun Zhen experience can be said to have a certain typical, she was employed as an assistant researcher at Sun Yat-sen University for 3 years, because her class performance was not recognized by students and had to leave, but after transferring to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, she was shocked by the success of publishing important ** in international first-class academic journals. Basic research often takes time to accumulate, and many scientific research talents are "weirdos" and "crazy people" in the eyes of ordinary people. John Nash, winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics, was once a mentally ill patient in the eyes of people for a long time, but it was the long-term tolerance and patient support of his family and school that enabled him to finally become famous. We often say that no one is perfect, and failure is the mother of success. We must respect the law governing the growth of talents, and we must give them room to fail and make mistakes, and let talents from all walks of life, especially scientific research talents, freely explore and create, instead of setting up various frames to tie their hands and feet and restrict their development. Japanese universities have courses on failure, and the book "Failure Studies" by Japanese failure expert Yotaro Hatamura tells people that only the correct use of failure can bring success. The boss of Japan's Morita Company is a typical case of using failure learning to achieve success. The story goes like this: When an employee of Morita Company independently designed and developed an in-car fragrance and steering wheel cover that did not sell well, causing the company a loss of 50 million yen, the boss not only did not punish him, but praised him for his innovative spirit. The attitude of the boss made the employee very motivated, insisted on inventing and creating, and finally brought great benefits to the company. As a result, the boss decided to set up a special "Big Failure Award" to encourage employees who have failed at work. The Boeing Company of the United States also has a "Phantom Award" specifically designed to reward individuals or teams who engage in high-risk scientific research and development projects but do not succeed. Switzerland, Israel, Finland and other small countries that are famous for innovation and creativity all have an unusually relaxed and tolerant social atmosphere. As the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China deployed, we must "strive to cultivate more masters, strategic scientists, first-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams, young scientific and technological talents, outstanding engineers, great craftsmen, and high-skilled talents".We must focus on the overall situation, give full play to the comprehensive advantages that are conducive to entrepreneurship, innovation and creation of the whole society, and avoid making big losses because of small things, seeking perfection and blaming, and making gains outweigh lossesWe must be based on the long-term, respect the growth cycle and law of talents, be good at investing in the future and accumulating talents for future generations, and not be eager for quick success and quick profit.
Break down the barriers to talent heights
The current and future international competition is fundamentally a competition for talents, especially high-end scientific and technological talents. A country that can continuously absorb foreign talents must be a country full of vitality and development vitality;On the contrary, if a country is in a state of talent deficit for a long time, and the continuous loss of talents, especially high-end talents, will inevitably lead to the gradual depletion of its development momentum and resources. Since the reform and opening up, China has been in a state of aggravation of the talent deficit for a long time, and a large number of outstanding students have gone to study in Western countries, especially the United States, and of course those who have returned to China have become an important force in China's development, but a considerable proportion of them have stayed abroad, and after enjoying China's high-quality basic education and spending a lot of money on studying abroad, they have become inventors and builders in Western countries, especially the United States. In recent years, with the gradual improvement of China's domestic conditions, the proportion of returned students in all overseas students has increased rapidly, but in general, China is still a country with a deficit in studying abroad and talents, especially compared with the United States and other Western countries. According to the 2018 Open Doors Report, in the 2017-2018 academic year, more than 360,000 Chinese students enrolled in U.S. colleges and universities, accounting for one-third of U.S. international students, contributing $12 billion to U.S. tuition and creating 150,000 jobs. The National Academy of Sciences' 2018 Science and Engineering Indicators report that in 2015, 10% of all foreign Ph.D. holders who were born abroad but have lived in the U.S. for a long time were Chinese PhDs, and 22 were Chinese PhDs in science and engineering4%。This is why Chinese entrepreneurs often find that the technology used to card us in the United States is often invented by the Chinese themselves in the United States. In order to successfully build a modern socialist country in the future, China needs to absorb talents from all walks of life from all over the world on the basis of its own training. If we cannot fundamentally reverse the passive situation of the talent deficit, the historical process of building a strong country and rejuvenating the nation will not be smooth sailing. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly requires: "Accelerate the construction of the world's important talent center and innovation highland", that is, to grasp the bull's nose of talent, implement a more active, more open and more effective talent policy, and strive to build China into an innovative paradise that talents all over the world yearn for, and accelerate the transformation of China from a big country with a talent outflow to a big country. To this end, we must persist in deepening reform, strive to remove all obstacles and blockages that hinder innovation and creation and affect the growth of talents, and work hard to create a innovation, creation and entrepreneurship-friendly societyWe must persist in opening wider to the outside world, strive to solve specific problems such as the difficulty of foreign talents in obtaining visas for foreign talents, the inconvenience of working and living in China, and the inconvenience of overseas Chinese returning to their hometowns, and implement the concept of open talent and talent policy into systems and actionsWe must adhere to mutual benefit and win-win results, strengthen exchanges and mutual learning, and let talents from all walks of life understand China, love China, come to China, and stay in China. A China that has achieved great rejuvenation must be a well-deserved highland of talents in the world.
Li Shumin, vice chairman of the China Development Strategy Research Association.