In old China, Beijing's Dongjiaomin Lane can be described as so"A country within a state"., in this small area there are both the embassies of the "great powers", as well as their garrisons. It is clearly Chinese territory, but Chinese citizens are not allowed to enter it.
After the peaceful liberation of Beiping, ** specially arranged a unique entry into the city to announce to these "powers".The history of imperialism bullying the Chinese has stopped here!
At the beginning of 1950, New China announced the resumption of Dongjiaomin Lane, which meant that those "powers" had to get out.
Of course, imperialism will not fall if it does not fight.
The United States was the first to jump out, saying that it would "not leave." Moreover, this is not the end, the United States is also taking the lead, taking other countries that do not want to leave to put pressure on New China to retain their privileges.
In this regard, ** only gave a 5-word instruction:Take it back unconditionally!
So, how did these "powers" snatch the privileges of Dongjiaomin Lane from old China?
**What kind of special entrance to the city is arranged?
After receiving the instructions from ***, how did the powers that relied on it react?
Dongjiaomin Lane has a long history in Beijing, dating back to the Yuan Dynasty.
In fact, this folk alley is divided into two sections, east and west, formed in the Yuan Dynasty when the capital was built, and the earliest name was not "folk alley", but"Jiangmi Lane".
Why is it called that?
At that time, the grain production in the north was insufficient, and it was very difficult to feed most of the people in the capital. For this reason, Kublai Khan ordered the Tonghui River to be dug and connected the southern and northern canals. In this way, grain ships coming from the south can anchor here and unload grain nearby.
As a result, a transport alley from east to west was gradually formed at the unloading site. The glutinous rice from the south is transported here directly, and this place naturally forms a big rice marketAnd the northerners call glutinous rice Jiangmi。Therefore, after a long time, the common people called this place "Jiangmi Lane".
When the Ming Dynasty was established, the imperial administrative center Qipan Street was built at the location of Tiananmen Square, and Jiangmi Lane was cut into two sections, east and west. As a result, the east side became Dongjiang Rice Lane, and the west side was also called Xijiang Rice Lane.
The name was used until the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many ** yamen in the Dongjiang Mixiang area. With the increasing number of foreigners coming to China, by the Qianlong and Jiaqing dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, a special "State Guest House" was built in the middle of the alley to provide temporary residence for foreign envoys to China.
Although the foreign policy of the Qing Dynasty was to close the country, but as"** on the country".Foreign envoys can still be treated with courtesy, but it is also stipulated that foreigners cannot stay in Beijing for more than 40 days.
According to historical records, the earliest frequent contact with the Qing Dynasty was the expansion of the systemInsatiable Tsarist Russia。As early as the end of the 17th century, there were Russian envoys to Beijing to negotiate trade with the Qing Dynasty, and built an embassy in Dongjiang Mixiang. From this,Dongjiang Rice Lane became the curtain of the embassy district.
After the Second Opium War, the great powers flocked in and set up their own legations in the Dongjiang Rice Lane. Among them,Tsarist Russia and Britain occupy the largest territory
At this time, the name Jiangmi Lane has no practical meaning. As a result, Jiangmi Lane was renamed East and West Jiaomin Lane by virtue of homonym and the identity of the location of the diplomatic embassy area.
However, at this time, the area was still a mix of foreigners and locals. On the Qing side, from the emperor to the common people, they were very hostile to foreigners. Xu Tong, a scholar of Qing University who lives in Dongjiaomin Lane, once lamented that he was "neighbors with ghosts", and walked around the gate of foreign embassies when he went out.
In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion broke out, targeting foreign legations, churches, and foreigners in Beijing.
As a result, the advance force of the Eight-Nation Alliance, about 400 people, arrived at Dongjiaomin Lane at the end of May and began to build fortifications.
On June 20, the German minister who had nothing to do was killed by the Qing soldiers, and the conflict between the Qing and foreign powers intensified, and the Boxers and part of the Qing army began to attack Dongjiaomin Lane and captured the embassies of the five countries.
Later,The Qing ** who confessed to this bargain with the foreign powers, so that the Boxers, who were already poorly equipped, were miserable, and unfortunately failed to capture all of them in Dongjiaomin Lane.
August 14th,More than 20,000 troops of the Eight-Nation Coalition entered Beijing and washed the whole city in blood。In the new year, it is embarrassingTreaty of XinchoSigned.
Accordingly, the Great Powers enclosed a large piece of land in Dongjiaomin Lane as an embassy boundary. Subsequently, the foreign powers fenced the boundaries of the embassy with walls and iron fences, and built blockhouses, and from then on Chinese were not allowed to enter at will.
In this way, Dongjiaomin Lane has become a country within a country in Beijing. The great powers stationed their troops here, built streets, banks, hospitals, and all sorts of small western-style buildings, and turned it into a nest of aggression. Since then, the Beiyang warlords and the Kuomintang have not dared to touch a single hair here.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek established his capital in Nanjing, and the great powers moved their embassies there. Originally, the sovereignty of this Dongjiaomin Lane could be recoveredBut the Kuomintang never dared to mention it。Even after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, except for the Japanese embassy that was kicked out, the rest of the embassies remained the same.
However, this national humiliation came to an end with the peaceful liberation of Beiping.
In a special way, tell the Powers: It's time for you to fuck off!
At the end of 1948, our army was devastated under the command of ***, and the Kuomintang was about to end.
When I was young, I lived in Beijing for a long time and had a deep affection for this ancient capital. Therefore, the leaders have always wanted Beijing to avoid the devastation of war. To this end, the great Pingjin Battle kicked off.
At the end of November 1948, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had already exchanged fire with the Kuomintang troops on the outskirts of Beiping. Far away in Xibaipo, the first company sent a telegram, asking the troops to protect the major historical sites in Beijing. The commanders and fighters of our army also strictly implemented the order, even if it increased **,He also insisted on using only rifles, bayonets, and grenades to engage in bloody hand-to-hand combat with the enemy
On December 17, the Kuomintang troops on the outskirts of Beiping were largely wiped out. With the "impregnable" Tianjin being taken by the People's Liberation Army in only 29 hours, Fu Zuoyi, who was preparing to trap Beiping, finally made the right choice, announced the uprising of the Kuomintang troops in Beiping, and accepted the peaceful reorganization.
This move is really good, Beijing, an ancient city of 3,000 years of vicissitudes, and more than 2 million people have avoided an unprecedented catastrophe.
January 31 was the third day of the Lunar New Year, and more than 200,000 people under Fu Zuoyi's department all moved outside the city. At the same time, the 4th Column of the Northeast Field Army took over the defense.
At that time, some generals suggested that our army should hold a ceremony to enter the city, so that it could not only expand the influence of our party and our army, but also add an atmosphere of victory to Beiping.
**、The proposal was quickly approved。 As a result, the time for the entrance ceremony was scheduled for February 3 at Zhengyangmen.
So what's the point of choosing this day?
Because our army is to let the common people have a good year. February 3 is the sixth day of the first lunar month, and the traditional "breaking five" has just passed.
Early in the morning of the same day, Beiping City was empty alleys with thousands of people, gongs and drums were noisy, colorful flags were flying, and people were boiling. Ordinary people poured into the streets one after another to warmly welcome the arrival of the people's army.
Under the guidance of the red flag, the officers and men of our army lined up in a neat queue and marched into Beiping City with great vigor and high spirits. But when this Hundred Battles Heroes walked through the Qianmen Arrow Tower, they suddenly turned to the right and stepped directly into Dongjiaomin Lane.
And that's what *** deliberately arranged.
For this arrangement, ** was specifically mentioned later: The Beiping entry into the city is a summary of the Liberation War, the liberation of Beiping is fought by all the soldiers, and the entry into the city is the entry of all the soldiers of our army. Dongjiaomin Lane is a big poisonous sore growing on the face of the Chinese, and it's time for the ****!
** is to use this special way to tell the Western powers: Chinese will never be bullied by you again!Your history of tyranny in China is completely over!It's time for you to fuck off!
When the large army of our army and the mass procession passed through Dongjiaomin Lane, the embassies of the United States, Britain and other countries were closed doors and windows, and the people in the embassy no longer had the high-minded and commanding style of the past, so they could only hide behind the windows and face out.
This scene is really a shame, raising the prestige of our country!For nearly a century, generations of ordinary people in Beijing have finally waited for the day when they will raise their eyebrows and straighten their waists!
However, it is still the same sentence: imperialism, if it does not fight, will not fall. They still want to stay on it.
So, how did you get them out of the way completely?
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, only the United States, Britain, France, the Netherlands, and Belgium were left in Dongjiaomin Lane.
According to the instructions of ***, the Beijing Military Management Commission posted the recovered notices in front of the doors of the consulates of the five countries in Dongjiaomin Lane on the morning of January 6, 1950.
When the "consul general" of the United States saw it, he was taken aback, and while asking people to translate the notice into English and complain to the United States, he called the former consuls of the other four countries and invited them to discuss countermeasures together.
Early in the morning of 7 January, the former consuls of the five countries gathered at the US "consulate," and Colbo wanted the five countries to boycott the military control committee, so he refused to hand over the consulate and barracks. However, the four former consuls were obviously not confident enough to ignore him. Coleb is at a loss for this.
On the same day, the Beijing Municipal Military Management Commission once again ordered them to get out of the house without delay.
Coleb didn't give up, so he wrote a letter, wanting to use the unequal treaties of the past and the "theory" of New China. The Beijing Municipal People's ** Foreign Affairs Office responded very simply and told him"China and the United States have no diplomatic relations, you are just an ordinary foreign national, and you are not qualified to represent the United States to negotiate with our country. ”
The United States instructed Kolobo to continue to confront the Military Control Commission.
In the face of the Americans' dead face, ** and the Beijing Military Management Committee decided to act in accordance with the established plan and reported the situation to **. On January 13, ***, who was visiting the Soviet Union, gave instructions:Take it back unconditionally!
On the same day, the Beijing Military Management Commission informed Kolobo that at 9 o'clock the next morning, the reception operation officially began.
Early the next morning, Coleb again raised the issue of the United States, saying that the consulate and barracks were the property of the United States, and that China should bear full responsibility for the consequences caused by China's requisition.
According to the established plan, when Coleb proposed **, the representative of the Military Management Commission did not pay attention to him at all, but only ordered him to lead the way to the American barracks compound separated from the former US consulate.
In the compound, representatives of the Military Management Commission found that they had been notified for so many days, but the Americans did not even show the slightest sign of leaving. So, the representative warned Coleb very seriously:"If you deliberately disobey the orders of the Military Control Council. You should be fully responsible for all the consequences arising therefrom!”
After the representatives of the Military Management Committee left, Colerobo did not dare to play tricks anymore, and hurriedly recruited personnel to pack and transport the materials in the barracks. At the same time, the reception of barracks from other countries is proceeding as planned. At 4 p.m. on the 14th, all reception work ended. Only the British barracks were a little later. Since then, the foreign barracks in Tianjin and other places have also been taken back by New China**.
This marked the end of the era of imperialism in which China had privileges, as well as the end of the era of their condescending treatment of China.
In a few months, the veteran imperialists, eager to save face, will learn from the Korean battlefield what the true power of the new China is.