Zhang Zhongjing, a famous machine, was born in Nieyang County, Nanyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty (the county is in present-day Yudong Town, Deng County, Henan). He was born about 150 A.D. and died in 219. Zhang Zhongjing's medical skills were famous at that time.
At that time, there was a 17-year-old writer named Wang Cang, and when Zhang Zhongjing saw him, he said to him: You are currently sick, you should be ** as soon as possible. Otherwise, after a while, the eyebrows will fall off, not to mention, and even your life will not be saved. It's not too late to take some of my five-stone soup now. Wang Cang was unimpressed when he heard this, and walked away very unhappily. After a while, Zhang Zhongjing saw Wang Cang again and asked him if he had taken medicine, and Wang Cang replied that he had already taken it. Zhang Zhongjing shook his head, and said to Wang Cang: Look at your complexion, it doesn't look like you've taken medicine, why are you shy away from medical treatment?How can you despise your own life so much?Wang Cang listened, but still didn't care, and he didn't take medicine. After a while, Wang Cang's eyebrows really fell off. Finally died half a year later.
From this story, we can see that Zhang Zhongjing treated Wang Cang by his complexion, why is he so accurate?It turned out that Zhang Zhongjing was studious since he was a child, and he especially liked to study medicine. At that time, the war was full of famine, plague and death, and there were more dead people in Nanyang, so Zhang Zhongjing worshipped the local famous doctor Zhang Bozu as a teacher to study medicine, and in the years of clinical diagnosis, he explored a set of diagnosis and methods. For general patients, Zhang Zhongjing first examines the patient's body, observes the patient's complexion, listens to the patient's voice, then asks the patient's symptoms, and then checks the patient's pulse to analyze the condition. As for Wang Cang, a patient who did not believe that he was sick at all, Zhang Zhongjing could not do routine examinations, but could only make judgments based on experience. We don't know much about what kind of medicine the Wushi decoction that Zhang Zhongjing asked Wang Cang to take, but it is definitely a medicine that excludes the virus in Wang Cang's body.
Zhang Zhongjing summed up a method of "dialectical treatment of yin, yang, surface, inside, cold, heat, void and reality", and he believed that it can be "cold with heat" and "hot with cold".It can be "first the surface and then the inside", or "first the inside and then the table", and it needs to be flexibly mastered. He also summed up four methods, called sweating, spitting, down, and harmony, that is, using the method of making the patient sweat, vomit, diarrhea, and reconciliation to remove the virus, but it should also be specific. Wushi soup is the prescription he prescribed for Wang Cang. At that time, the study of the Latitude was prevalent, and people often turned to sorcerers when they were sick, praying to the heavens to get rid of their diseases. Zhang Zhongjing stepped forward to oppose the superstition of Wei Wei. He often preached his atheistic ideas to his patients, telling them that illness had nothing to do with the ghosts and gods of heaven, but that illness was caused by the invasion of the meridians into the lungs by wind, cold, heat, dampness, and dryness, and by the imcommunication of the limbs, nine orifices, and blood vessels, and by external injuries. Zhang Zhongjing often tells others to "cure the disease", that is, to prevent the disease, such as eating moderation, regularizing daily life, moderate work and rest, stressing hygiene, refining the body, and cultivating healthy qi.
With the growth of Zhang Zhongjing's medical practice, he realized that he could not save many patients by himself, and he should write out his experience, prescriptions and methods, so that more people can learn to use them and treat more people. However, what is the name of this more complete TCM work on pathology, diagnosis, and even medication?Zhang Zhongjing brought out the ancient medical theory books again, and "Su Wen", "Nine Volumes", "Eighty-one Difficulties", "Yin and Yang Treatise", "Placental Medicine Record" and "Flat Pulse Differentiation" spread out a full room. He saw that in the "Neijing Su Wen", it was said: Those who are sick with fever are all typhoid fever and the like. If a person's injury is due to cold, it is a fever. Zhang Zhongjing was deeply inspired, he thought, yes, typhoid fever is the general name of all fevers, that is, all diseases caused by external sensations can be called "typhoid fever". Of course, different seasons can have different names. Illness from cold in winter is called typhoid fever, fever can be called fever disease when you get sick from cold in spring, and heat illness can be called heat illness when you get sick from cold in summer. So Zhang Zhongjing named the book he wrote "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases". After that, Zhang Zhongjing wrote when he had time, and finally wrote 22 theoretical works, 397 treatment methods, and 133 prescriptions.
Some of the prescriptions preserved in the book "Treatise on Typhoid Fever and Miscellaneous Diseases" still have remarkable curative effects today. For example, white tiger decoction is used to treat Japanese encephalitis, and pulsatilla decoction is used to treat bacterial dysentery;With rhubarb peony soup, coix (sound"Meaning"Aconite sauce is used to treat acute appendicitis, etc. Today, there are many prescriptions in Chinese medicine, all of which are varied from Zhang Zhongjing's prescriptions. "Treatise on Spreading Cold and Miscellaneous Diseases" was sorted out and compiled by Wang Shuhe, a famous doctor in the Jin Dynasty, and was preserved. Zhang Zhongjing still has some medical books that have not been preserved, such as 25 volumes of "Prescription for Lutein", 10 volumes of "Distinguishing Typhoid Fever", 1 volume of "Prescription for Treating Typhoid Fever", 1 volume of "Prescription for Evaluating Diseases", 2 volumes of "Prescription for Treating Women", 1 volume of "Treatise on the Five Organs", and 1 volume of "Treatise on Oral Teeth". Zhang Zhongjing's contribution to medicine is mainly to systematically summarize the rich experience in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever (referring to acute infectious diseases such as cholera, dysentery, pneumonia, and epidemics) and miscellaneous diseases (mainly internal diseases, including surgical, ** and other diseases).
In terms of diagnosis, methods such as color observation, sound smelling, asking symptoms, and pulse cutting were used to find out the source of the disease. He also divided the types and stages of typhoid fever into six categories: sun, yang yin, less yang, tai yin, less yin, and syncope yin. Zhang Zhongjing summarized the methodological principles of ** science with sweating, spitting, lowering, and "cold disease and cold treatment", and laid a theoretical foundation for the clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. He also introduced acupuncture, moxibustion, warm ironing, medicine, foot soaking, ear blowing and population breathing. Zhang Zhongjing's medical theory has made great contributions to the development of ancient medicine in China and has had a great influence in Southeast Asian countries. Later generations revered him as a "medical saint". Nanyang, Henan Province also built a "medical shrine" for him, which was renovated after liberation and had a new look, and built a "Zhang Zhongjing Memorial Hall" to commemorate this great scientist.