Cauliflower, also known as cauliflower, is a cruciferous vegetable, and its edible flower bulbs are rich in a variety of vitamins, anti-aging, and immunity-enhancing effects. Cauliflower is delicious and can be used in a variety of cuisines, and it is a favorite ingredient for many people. In order to enable growers to grow high-quality cauliflower, this article introduces the method and time of cultivating cauliflower.
First, the seedling method.
1. Facility seedling.
The purpose of facility seedling raising is to avoid low temperature and cold damage, and improve the survival rate and quality of cauliflower. The facility nursery time is generally from February to March, depending on the climatic conditions and planting methods in different regions. Here's how:
1 Prepare nutrient soil and equipment: The equipment has mulch film and seedling trays, the size of each lattice is about 3 cm 3 cm, and the depth is about 5 cm. Bed soil can be mixed with well-rotted organic fertilizer and field soil in a ratio of 1:1, and sterilized with high temperature or chemicals, or use commercially available special nutrient soil.
2 Sowing. Put 2 or 3 coated or soaked cauliflower seeds in each cell and cover with nutrient soil about 05 cm, gently compacted, keep the soil moist. Note: Coated seeds cannot be soaked.
Cover the seedling tray with a layer of mulch film to maintain temperature and humidity and promote seed germination. The seedling tray should be placed in a greenhouse or greenhouse with a temperature of 20 to 25 degrees and sufficient light.
3 Management: Before the seeds germinate, check the temperature and humidity of the seedling tray every day, and properly ventilate it to prevent high temperature and water accumulation. After the seeds germinate, the mulch should be removed in time, and the soil should be kept moist in the future, but not too wet. The watering principle of seeing dry and wet is adopted, and foliar fertilization can be appropriately carried out in the later stage to promote the healthy growth of seedlings.
It is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, such as black rot, downy mildew, diamondback moth, etc., and spray them with pesticides in time.
When the cauliflower seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings can be set. The method of seedling fixing is to leave one of the best-growing seedlings in each grid, and the rest of the seedlings are removed.
2. Open field seedlings.
The purpose of open-field seedling cultivation is to adapt to the climatic conditions of spring and autumn and improve the stress resistance and quality of cauliflower. The time of natural nursery is generally in April-May or July-August, depending on the climatic conditions of different regions. The method of raising seedlings in the open field is as follows:
1) Prepare the nursery plot and bed soil. The nursery should choose a plot with high terrain, loose soil, fertile and good drainage, and it is best to choose a crop with a gramineous crop. Bed soils can be mixed 1:1 with well-rotted organic fertilizer and field soil, or with commercially available substrates.
2 Sowing. Draw a width of 1 15 meters, the length of the appropriate nursery furrow, every 10 15 cm to draw a strip depth of 05 1 cm furrow, then evenly sprinkle in the furrow with sterilized or soaked cauliflower seeds, about 5 10 g per square meter with seeds, and then cover with seedling soil about 05 cm, gently compacted, keep the soil moist.
3) Cover with shade. In the spring, the seedling furrows are covered with mulch film to maintain temperature and humidity and prevent drought. When raising seedlings in autumn, build a high of 1 15 meters of sun shade to protect against strong light and UV damage.
4) Management. Before the seeds germinate, check the temperature and humidity of the seedling furrow every day, and water it appropriately to prevent high temperature and water accumulation. After the seeds germinate, the mulch should be removed in time and the soil should be kept moist by spraying. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and spray them with pesticides in time when they are found.
5) Seedling. When the cauliflower seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves, the seedlings can be set. The method of seedling determination is to set the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 8 cm, and cut off the rest of the seedlings to promote growth.
2. Planting and field management.
1., transplanting time.
The transplanting time of cauliflower is generally when the seedlings grow to 5 to 6 true leaves, depending on the climatic conditions of different regions. Generally speaking, spring planting and transplanting time is from April to May. Autumn planting and transplanting takes place from August to September.
2. Land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing of the soil before planting, application of foot fertilizer, 3 4 square meters of fully sapensic soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu, 80 kg of compound fertilizer, and rake and crush the furrow.
3. Transplanting: On the selected planting ground, dig out the hole of appropriate size according to a certain row spacing and plant spacing, the general row spacing is 40 60 cm, the plant spacing is 30 50 cm, and the hole depth is 10 15 cm.
Take out the cauliflower seedlings in the seedling tray or seedling furrow with roots and soil, be careful not to damage the root system, and then put them in the hole, seal the soil and water them, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil. Push the soil in the hole towards the roots of the seedlings with your hands, so that the roots are in close contact with the soil. Be careful not to bury the stems of the seedlings to avoid causing rot.
4. Field management. 1) Cultivating: Cultivating about 3 times from the slow seedling to the lotus sitting period, cultivating to loosen the soil and protect moisture, promote the expansion of the root system, control the vigorous growth, and make the flower buds differentiate early. Cultivating is combined with squatting, fertilizing, watering, and weeding.
2) Fertilization and watering: For plots with sufficient bottom fertilizer, once after the end of squatting seedlings and in the rosette stage, 10 kg of urine and 25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu respectively. Watering after fertilization, usually keep the soil moist, and use the method of watering when it is dry.
3) Prevention and control of pests and diseases: timely prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure the healthy growth of cauliflower.