Did the Xia Dynasty exist?In this article, the author will give you a comprehensive and detailed answer. Archaeologist Zou Heng said: "Xia culture is not undiscovered, and what method is used to identify it", the implication is that there must have been a royal state before the Shang Dynasty, and this country is called Xia due to the lack of writing, which is a very complex academic problem. Therefore, the current problem focuses on whether the existence of "Xia" can be proved from the ruins, and it is better to find a proof, which can directly prove the true existence of the "Xia Dynasty", on the contrary, even if it cannot be found, it cannot be proved that the "Xia Dynasty does not exist", so the "Xia Dynasty" must exist, but it only needs empirical evidence. 
The origin of the Xia Dynasty The predecessor of the Xia Dynasty should be the Xia tribe, the first to live in the west of Henan Province, the southern part of Shanxi Province for a generation, and later due to Xia Yu's "hard work, living outside for thirteen years, passing through the door without entering" The success of water control, the Xia tribe has achieved unprecedented development, and then won the war with Sanmiao, becoming the leading tribal alliance at that time, and even the leader of the alliance. Because of the implementation of the "Zen concession system" at that time, Emperor Shun passed the throne to Dayu, and Dayu was the leader for a period of time, and continued to follow the Zen concession system, passed to the Dongyi leader Gaotao, who knew that Gaotao was short-lived, and soon died, and the alliance elected Gaotao's son Boyi as the heir. At this time, Dayu was unhappy, Gaotao's son can inherit, why can't my son inherit?So Dayu secretly supported his son Qi and cultivated power and prestige for him. After Dayu's death, Bo Yina, who was set in the air, was Xia Qi's opponent, and was finally defeated and killed. 
Xia Qi swept away the obstacles, consolidated the royal power, the hereditary system of the throne was established, and the alliance system began to change to the "family world", and he convened the leaders of various tribes in the capital and held the famous "Juntai Pavilion" to confirm the legitimacy of the hereditary royal power, and the ruling foundation of the Xia Dynasty was established. With the establishment of the state, Xia Qi formulated a series of systems to ensure the operation of the country. There are six secretaries under it, who are in charge of civil, military and other tasks. Build a strong army with a certain degree of organization and discipline. The establishment of the "Yu Punishment" to administer the subjects of the state is also the most important symbol of the formation of the state. Until Xia Wei and the favorite concubine sister Xi was exiled by Shang Tang, the Xia Dynasty has become history, from the current Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty project, the Xia Dynasty should be 2070 BC to 1600 BC this period of existence of the dynasty, its monarch from Yu counted Qi, Taikang, Dakang, Xiang, Shaokang, Yu, Huai, Mang, Chu, do not descend, Hu, Yu, Xuan, Kongjia, Gao, Fa, a total of seventeen kings. 
Whether it is from the "Chinese", "Mozi", or "Bamboo Book Chronicle" and "Shiji", there are records of the words of the Xia Dynasty, why question the existence of the Xia Dynasty?The history of the Chinese people is a long civilization of 5,000 years. China's written history can even be extended to 4000 B.C., and the appearance of hundreds of thousands of oracle bone inscriptions in Yinxu has determined the existence of the Shang Dynasty, but what is embarrassing is that in the middle of the "Xia Dynasty" widely recorded in the history books, none of the words have been found, and even the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty have not recorded the Xia Dynasty's words, and what is even more strange is that the mention of the Xia Dynasty was actually put forward by the Zhou Dynasty, so the lack of text has caused the historiography to doubt the existence of the Xia Dynasty. What's even more embarrassing is that in the archaeological process of our country, many sites belonging to the Xia Dynasty have been discovered, but these sites cannot prove that they are the "Xia Dynasty", and the reason is the lack of words. In other words, there is no record of the Xia Dynasty in the oracle bone inscription, but the "Erlitou Culture" makes it clear that there was another dynasty before the Shang Dynasty. 
Then the crux of the problem is focused here, can Erlitou culture be named Xia?Archaeologist Xu Hong believes that the "Erlitou culture" may be the earliest royal state found at present, and it is a cross-regional and dominant political entity, and the "Erlitou culture" also indicates that China is moving from a pluralistic state to a unified dynasty at this time, but he also believes that there is no cultural relics with words unearthed to prove "Xia", so it is not rigorous to directly identify "Erlitou culture" is the Xia Dynasty. Archaeologist Sun Qingwei believes that the circumstantial evidence recorded in ancient history books, coupled with the "Erlitou Culture" that coincides with the time of the Xia Dynasty, the evidence chain is completely sufficient, and it cannot be said that the "Erlitou Culture" is the site of the Xia Dynasty because it cannot be dug up to dig up the text. 
In fact, from an archaeological point of view, the cultural relics unearthed from the "Erlitou Culture" are consistent with the historical records, such as the "Book of Rites" records: "Guan Zun, Xia Hou's Jiyi, Yin Zhishu, Zhou Huangmu." Among them, "Jiyi" refers to the sealing cup in the Erlitou culture, and for example, the jade ritual vessel Yazhang, which is the Xuangui in the "Yuxi Xuangui" recorded in the "Shangshu". However, no matter how much evidence like this is there, it is always more authoritative than the word unearthed, so in this case, Yinxu can be equated with the Shang Dynasty, but the Erlitou culture cannot be equated with the Xia Dynasty, which is the origin of the contradiction. Therefore, the existence of the Xia Dynasty is beyond doubt, existence is naturally existence, but how to prove its existence is the biggest problem at present. 
ConclusionIn fact, from a personal point of view, even if a large number of oracle bone inscriptions were found in Yinxu, they only mentioned the situation of the Shang Dynasty at that time, and there was no real record of the situation of Shang Tang, let alone the older Xia Dynasty, so the Xia history recorded in the Zhou Dynasty is also history, and it cannot be proved that the Xia Dynasty does not exist just by not having words, and the Longshan Cultural Site, Erlitou Culture, Yinxu Site, Judging from the archaeological evidence of the Eastern and Western Zhou ruins, the Chinese civilization did not appear to be disconnected, and from the perspective of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the construction of royal power and a stable agricultural economy are considered to be the source of the origin of Chinese civilization.