"The Battle of **殽 (xiao two sounds)" is an essay written by the historian Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period, from "Zuo Chuan".
According to the causes, development and outcome of the war, the article can be divided into three parts:
From the beginning to"Qin Shi Suidong"For the first part, I mainly wrote three episodes: Yan Chuan Order, Qi Zi's Secret Report, and Uncle Jian Crying Master, which was the brewing stage of the war.
from"Thirty-three springs"To"Extinguish the slip and return"It is the second part, including three episodes: Wang Sun Man's Guan Shi, Xian Gao Reward Master, and Huang Wuzi's resignation, mainly writing about the arrogance and rudeness of the Qin army and the attempted attack on Zheng.
from"Jin Yuan said"At the end of the article, it is the third part, including the first Zhen polemic, the Qin army's defeat of the army in Yanshan, Wen Ying's invitation to the three marshals, the first Zhen angry and spit in the court, Meng Ming Xie Ci, Mu Gong's repentance and other plots, mainly writing the outbreak and ending of the Battle of Yan.
The essay is good at creating vivid characters through dialogue and action, and the diplomatic rhetoric is also written in a subtle and subtle manner, which is humble and polite on the surface, but in fact it is implicitly sarcastic and unintentional.
* The Battle of the Dead "Winter, Jin Wen Gong. Gengchen will be buried in Quwo. Out of the river, the sound of the coffin is like a cow. Bu Yan made the doctor bow and said:"The king's destiny is a major event, and there will be a Western Master who will pass me. If you hit it, you will be victorious. "
Qizi reported to Qin from Zheng and said:"The Zheng people put me in charge of the north gate, and if the submersible master has been, the country can also be obtained. "Mu Gong visited Uncle Zhujian. Uncle Jian said:"The labor teacher is far away, and it is unheard of. The teacher is exhausted, and the master is far away, so it is impossible to do itWhat the teacher does, Zheng must know. If you are diligent and do nothing, you will be disobedient. And go thousands of miles, who doesn't know?"Public resignation. Summoned Meng Ming, Xi Qi, and Bai Yi to send the teacher outside the east gate. Uncle Jian cried and said:"Mencius!I see the teacher coming out but not seeing him entering!"The minister said:"What do you know?Zhongshou, the wooden arch of the tomb!"
Uncle Jian's son and teacher, crying and sending it off, said:"The Jin people must be in the dice (tou two sounds). There are two mausoleums: its south mausoleum, the tomb of Xia Hougao, its north mausoleum, the wind and rain of King Wen. Death is a room, and the rest of the bones are reaped. "
Qin Shi SuidongIn the spring of the thirty-third year, the Qin division passed through the north gate of Zhou. Left and right free (zhou four sounds) down, override three hundred times. Wang Sun Man is still young, looking at it, and saying to the king:"Qin Shi is light and rude, and he will be defeated. If it is light, it will be unscrupulous, and if it is rude, it will be taken off;If you get out of danger, you can't make a plan, and you can't be defeated"And slippery, Zheng Shangxian high will be in Zhou, encountered. Take the Wei Xian, the ox twelve, and the priest. Said:"The widow heard that my son would step out of the city and dare to follow him. Not shy, for the submergence of the servant, the residence has a day's accumulation, and the line is prepared for a night's defense. "And make 遽 (ju four sounds) sue Zheng. Minister Zheng Mu looked at the guest house, and he was loaded, strong, and strong. The emperor resigned, saying:"My son has been drowning in Yiyi for a long time, but he is exhausted by the food (xi four sounds), and he will do it for my son. Zheng Zhi has the original garden, and Yu Qin Zhi has Gu 囿 (you four sounds) also;My son takes his elk, and idleness, what if?"Qizi Benqi, Fengsun, Yang Sun Bensong. Meng Ming said:"Zheng is prepared, not hopeful. If you can't conquer it, if you can't encircle it, you can't continue it. "Extinguish the slip and return
Jin Yuan Zhen (zhen three sounds) said:"Qin violated Jian (jian three sounds) uncle, and with the greedy and diligent people, God served me. You can't lose it, and you can't indulge the enemy. If the enemy is in trouble, it is ominous against the sky, and the Qin division will be defeated. "Luan Zhi said":"Without reporting to Qin Shi and cutting down his division, he is a dead king"First of all:"Qin does not mourn my mourning and kills me with the same surname, Qin is rude, what can he do?I heard it:'One day of the enemy, several generations of trouble'。Seeking children and grandchildren, it can be described as a dead king!"Then he sent his life and rejuvenated Jiang Rong. Zimo decays, Liang Hong Yurong, and Laiju is right. In the summer of April, Xin has defeated Qin Shi Yu Yi. Won Baili Meng Mingshi, Xi Qishu, Bai Yi Bing to return. Sui Mo to bury Wen Gong, Jin then began to ink, Wen Ying invited the three marshals, said:"He really constructs my two monarchs, and if the widow eats them, he will not get tired of them. Why is it humiliating?So that the return will be killed in Qin, in order to fulfill the ambition of the widow, what if?"Approved of it. The first turn of the dynasty and asked the Qin prisoners. Gong said:"Madame, please give it up. "First more angry said:"The force of the martial arts is detained, the woman is temporarily exempted from the country, the army is really and the revenge is long, and there is no day!"Ignoring it, he spit on the father of the Yang virgin to chase him, and the rivers are in the boat. Shi Zuojun and gave Meng Ming a public order. Meng Mingji said:"The favor of the monarch is not to provoke the drum with tired ministers, so that the return will be killed in Qin, and the widow will be killed, dead and immortal. If you are spared from the king's favor, you will be given three years. "Qin Bosu served the suburbs, and the township teacher cried, saying:"Lonely disobeys uncle, humiliates the second and third sons, and the sin of loneliness. "Not for Meng Ming. "Lonely fault, what is the doctor's crime?And I don't hide the great virtue with a confession. "
Translation: In the winter of the thirty-second year of Lu Xugong, Jin Wengong died. Gengchen was going to move his coffin to Quwo, the old capital of the Jin Kingdom, to park it. When he was just carried out of the national capital Jiangcheng, there was a sudden sound like a cow roaring in the coffin. A witch officer named Guo Yan ordered the accompanying doctors to hurry down and preached:"The major event that the first monarch instructed the state to use troops will have Western armies cross the border of our country and take the opportunity to attack, and they will surely win a complete victory. "
Qizi sent someone from Zheng State to report to Qin State"Zheng Guoren asked me to take charge of the key to the north gate of their capital, and if I secretly sent troops to attack, Zheng Guo could get it. "
Qin Mugong asked Uncle Jian for his opinion on this matter. Uncle Jian said:"Xingshi mobilized the crowd to attack the distance, and he had never heard of it. The army is tired and exhausted, and the monarch from afar will definitely be on guard, I'm afraid not, right?The army has action, how can Zheng Guo not know that the soldiers will inevitably be resentful if they move the people and get nothing. Besides, who wouldn't know about the march of thousands of miles?"Qin Mugong rejected Uncle Jian's suggestion, summoned Meng Ming, Xi Qi, and Bai Yi, and sent them to lead troops to set off from outside the east gate. Uncle Jian cried over this and said:"Mencius, I watched the army go out today, but I can't see them coming back!"Qin Mugong sent someone to say to him"What do you know!If you live to be seventy years old and die, the tree on your grave will have grown thick and thick!"Uncle Jian's son joined the army on this expedition, and Uncle Jian cried and sent him off"The Jin people will inevitably set up an ambush in Yinshan to intercept our army. There are two mountains in the north and south: the one in the south is the cemetery of the Xia Dynasty monarch Gao;A mountain to the north was the place where King Wen of Zhou took refuge from the wind and rain. I will die in the canyon between these two mountains, and I am ready to go there to collect your bones!"
The Qin army then marched eastward. In the spring of the thirty-third year of the reign of Lu Xigong, the Qin army passed through the north gate of the Zhou capital. The warriors on the left and right took off their helmets and got out of the wagons to salute, and then the warriors of three hundred military chariots jumped onto the chariots. Wang Sunman was still young at this time, and when he saw this situation, he said to King Zhou:"The army of the Qin State was frivolous and impolite, and it was bound to fail. If you are frivolous, you will be less strategic, and if you are not polite, you will not be cautious. If you are in danger and are not cautious, and you lack strategy, can you not fail?"
When passing through the country of Hua, Zheng Guo had a merchant named Xiangao, who was going to the capital of Zhou to do business, and met the Qin army here. So, he first sent four cooked cowhides, and then sent twelve cows to comfort Qin Jun, saying:"When the Emperor of our kingdom heard that you were about to march through our country, he took the liberty of coming to comfort your men. Our country is not rich, and your subordinates must live for a long time, and they will be provided with food for a dayIf you want to go, get ready for the night's defense. "And sent someone to report to Zheng Guo immediately.
Zheng Mugong sent people to the hotel to inspect it, and it turned out that Qizi and his subordinates had already bundled their bags, sharpened their weapons, and fed the horses. Zheng Mugong sent Huang Wuzi to give a speech, saying:"You've been living in our country for a long time, but you're running out of food. You should go, too. Zheng has an animal park, Qin also has a animal park, how about you go back to your own animal park to hunt elk, so that our country can be at peace?"
So Qizi fled to the state of Qi, and Fengsun and Yangsun fled to the state of Song. Meng Ming said:"Zheng Guo is ready, and he can't expect anything. The attack cannot be won, and the army that is surrounded and has no backup, let's go back!"So he destroyed the slippery country and went back to the Qin country.
The original Zhen of the Jin Kingdom said:"Qin Guo went against Uncle Jian's opinion, and made the common people work hard because of his insatiable greed, and God gave us a good opportunity. A good opportunity to be delivered to the door cannot be given up, and the enemy cannot easily let it go. If you let go of the enemy, there will be trouble, and if you go against the will of heaven, you will be unlucky. We must crusade against the Qin army!"
Luan Zhi said:"Didn't repay the favor of the Qin State and attacked its army, didn't this forget the ancestor Wengong?"The first said:"The Qin State does not mourn for our new funeral, but crusades against our allies, the Qin State is rude, what kind of favor do we repay?I've heard of:'Once the enemy is spared, it will leave a legacy of disaster for generations to come'。For the sake of future generations, it can be said that it is for the sake of the deceased king!"So an order was issued to immediately mobilize Jiang Rong's army. Jin Xianggong dyed the white filial piety clothes black, Liang Hong drove the imperial chariot for him, and Laiju served as the right warrior of the chariot.
On April 18 in the summer of this year, the Jin army defeated the Qin army at Yanshan and captured the three marshals of the Qin army, Bai Lishi, Xi Qishu, and Bai Yibing. So he wore black clothes to the funeral of Jin Wengong, and the Jin Kingdom has since used black clothes as mourning clothes. Wen Ying asked Xianggong of Jin to put the three generals of Qin back, saying:"They have indeed torn apart the relationship between the kings of our two countries. If Qin Mugong gets these three people, he won't be able to relieve his hatred even if he eats their flesh, so why should you punish them?How about letting them go back to Qin to be tortured to fulfill Qin Mugong's wishes?"Jin Xianggong agreed to her. Xian Zhen met Xianggong and asked about the prisoner of Qin. Xianggong said:"My mother pleaded with me about this, and I let them go. "Xian Zhen said angrily"It took a great deal of effort for the soldiers to get them back from the battlefield, and a woman pardoned them from the country in an instant, ruining her own victory and fueling the arrogance of the enemy, and the country was lost in a few days!"Spat without looking back. Jin Xianggong sent Yang virgin father to chase Meng Ming and others, chased them to the river, and had already boarded a boat to go offshore. Yang Virgin's father untied the horse on the left side of the car, and gave it to Meng Ming in the name of Jin Xianggong. Meng Ming kowtowed and said"Your monarch is magnanimous and does not smear the blood of our captives on the drums of war, and let us return to Qin to be executed, and if the monarch kills us, he will not forget this defeat when he dies. If the kindness of the Emperor of Jin has pardoned us, we will surely make a comeback within three years to avenge today's shame!"Qin Mugong was waiting in the suburbs in white clothes, crying to the soldiers who had been released and said"I disobeyed Uncle Jian's advice and made you suffer, which is my sin. "did not abandon Meng Ming, Qin Mugong said:"This is my mistake, what is the doctor's sin!Besides, I will not erase his great merit for a small mistake.
Qin and Jin were originally allies, and the two countries were formed"**Excellent"。However, since Mu Gong, the Qin State has become increasingly powerful, dissatisfied with Jin as the overlord, and also has ambitions to dominate the Central Plains. In the thirtieth year of the reign of Lu Xuan (627 B.C.), * the two countries besieged Zheng, and Zheng Dafu Candle Zhiwu wittily broke up the ** alliance. So Qin Mugong withdrew his troops from Zheng alone, and let Qizi and the other three stay in Zheng to prevent the Jin army. Because Duke Wen of Jin had benefited from Qin, relations between the two countries did not break down immediately. In the thirty-second year of Duke Lu (625 BC), Duke Wen of Jin died, and Duke Mu of Qin brazenly sent troops to attack Zheng, which led to this ** battle. This essay was written by Zuo Qiu Ming in order to record this matter.