Cai Yuanpei is a well-known Kuomintang veteran, the president of Peking University, and a famous educator.
First, from the founding of the China Education Association, to the founding of the Guangfu Association, and then to serving as the chairman of the branch of the Shanghai League, he laid a solid foundation for the Xinhai Revolution
Second, from the first year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the director of education, reformed the school, and later served as the president of Peking University, caring about the May Fourth Movement, which led to the rapid development of the new culture of New China
Third, from the launch of the "Civil Rights Protection Alliance" to attending Lu Xun's funeral, it promoted the revolution, led the people, and created a precedent for the future anti-Japanese and rejuvenating the army, and the sincere cooperation of all political parties.
In each period, he demonstrated his pursuit and adherence to democracy and freedom.
However, at the end of the Northern Expedition, he took a series of actions, that is, he agreed with Chiang Kai-shek's April 12 coup d'état, repudiated the Wuhan people**, and instead supported the Nanjing regime and participated in the activities of the Qing Party**.
This change has left many people confused, and many people have questioned it.
Cai Yuanpei, a person who advocates Marxism, how could he violate Sun Yat-sen's three major principles and turn to **?What role did he play in the purging movement?Is there any confusion in his heart?
First of all, it is necessary to have a certain understanding of the social environment of the period in 1927.
By this time, the National People's Revolutionary Army had completed a great Northern Expedition, defeated numerous warlords, and completed the conquest of the entire southern part of China.
However, during this period, two factions emerged: one faction, represented by Wang Jingwei, adhered to Sun Yat-sen's three major principles: the Communist Party, the Russian Communist Party, the Communist Party, and the support of peasants and workers, maintained close ties with the Communist Party of China, and supported the workers' and peasants' movement;
One was the "right wing" led by Chiang Kai-shek, who believed that they should abandon their relations with the CCP and use this opportunity to strengthen their own power.
The struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party became increasingly fierce, and in March 1927 two hostile regimes were formed: the Wuhan Kuomintang, which was appointed by Wang Ching-weiThe second was the Nanjing Nationalists, with Chiang Kai-shek as the supreme commander.
In this way, two *** appeared in the south, which were opposed to each other.
In this context, Cai Yuanpei, as a senior intellectual, firmly supported Chiang Kai-shek and participated in the ** activities of "purging the party". This decision was not hasty or hasty, and it had far-reaching motivations.
These include Wu Zhihui, Li Shizeng, and Zhang Jingjiang, all of whom have a deep hatred and fear of the CCP and its workers' movement, regard it as an "internal enemy" and a "violent act" in order to maintain national stability.
With Cai Yuanpei's prestige, they want to overshadow the CCP with their prestige, and use this as a public justification and a purging of the party.
Cai Yuanpei's status in the CCP and the Kuomintang is very high, and even many senior leaders of the CCP have a close relationship with Cai Yuanpei, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao have a close relationship with Peking University.
Cai Yuanpei himself has his own political ideas and value orientation, he advocates that the CCP and class war are not suitable for the actual situation in China, and advocates that it is to save the people and implement Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles. He felt that the CCP's revolutionary actions were too intense to reverse the situation in the short term.
He criticized the Wuhan Kuomintang's policy of "unity" and "workers" and the suspicion that the "communism" promoted "in the name of the Three People's Principles" was detrimental to the Kuomintang's unity and revolutionary aims.
Therefore, he tended to support Chiang Kai-shek's purging of the party, which, although contradicting the policy of the "United Communist Party", was actually the actual revival and practice of Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles.
Cai Yuanpei was a key figure in the Qing Party movement, and he was also a very complex figure. During his tenure as director of the National Committee of the People's Government, he participated in many meetings, participated in many joint telegrams, and carried out extensive propaganda for the development of the activities of purging the party.
He cited various resolutions and circulars of the Zhejiang Communist Party that had "conspired to destroy it" since the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of Zhejiang, and listed several crimes of the Chinese Communist Party for "inciting the people," "disturbing the rear," "destroying rice shops," and "oppressing the workers."
**Executive members, **Supervisory Commissioners, and Communist Party members from other provinces were dealt with, a total of 179. All this shows Sun Yat-sen's determination and initiative to oppose the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.
However, on the issue of "purging the party" or "killing on a large scale", Cai Yuanpei also showed clear opposition and hesitation.
Although he advocated "purging the party," in the process of "purging the party," he did not allow "indiscriminate discriminateness." He put forward three points to the Qing party committee: First, it is necessary to arrest people, to find out the facts, and to make it clear;Second, the guilty should be interrogated, the facts should be ascertained, and then a judgment should be madeThird, it must be the one who committed a heinous crime, and it must be approved by the Qing Party Committee.
This reflects his commitment to the rule of law and civil rights. However, in addition to becoming a beautiful "ornament", Chiang Kai-shek and others will not abide by those propositions of him, and will not abide by them.
Chiang Kai-shek seized the opportunity to eliminate all opposition forces, and he not only carried out a brutal campaign against the Communist Party, but also carried out a "purge" of a large number of left-wingers loyal to the "three principles" without distinction.
Chiang Kai-shek was despicable and shameless, not only openly killing innocent people, but also colluding with *** to use the hands of others to kill them.
Such a move caused strong dissatisfaction and indignation in Cai Yuanpei's heart. While publishing "Chasing the Prime Minister Who Doesn't Love to Kill", he tactfully persuaded and expressed his feelings and thoughts at the same time.
Ideologically, however, he gradually contradicted Chiang Kai-shek, gradually resigned from all his posts, and devoted himself to the "Civil Rights Protection Alliance" to defend civil rights and freedoms, and rescue political prisoners. He also attended Lu Xun's funeral and expressed his high respect for this great revolutionary writer. This is Sun Yat-sen's repentance and reflection on the Qing Dynasty's procrastinate thoughts.
It can be seen from this that Cai Yuanpei played a complex and conflict-filled role in the Qing Party. He is an advocate of the Qing Dynasty's ** industrial party, but also an opponent and victim of the Qing Dynasty, this complex mood is the true portrayal of Cai Yuanpei's heart, he does not fully agree with the Qing Dynasty, but also helped the formation of the Qing Dynasty from one side.
He was a supporter and ally of the right-wing Kuomintang and a sympathizer and friend of the left-wing. He is not only the heir and practitioner of Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles, but also highly respects Marx's doctrine and respects it.
Its transformation in the process of purging the party not only has its own values and ideals and beliefs, but is also closely related to the background of the times and social contradictions in which it lives.