Analysis of the impact of state-owned enterprises on economic development
How much is the difference in economic efficiency between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises of the same type?If we find an ideal industry and estimate it, we can find out the degree of difference in the efficiency between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises. Which industry is ideal?First of all, the industry must be perfectly competitive, or close to perfectly competitive. Second, the industry must allow private enterprises to enter freely. And it was many years ago that private companies were allowed to enter, not in the last year or two. All state-owned enterprises and all private enterprises in this industry should be counted separately to see their respective output value and profits.
The output value of all private enterprises in this industry is used as the denominator, and the profits of all private enterprises are used as the numerator, and the ratio obtained is used as the coefficient. Calculate how much profit a state-owned enterprise would have if it were also privately owned. It is only necessary to multiply the total output value of state-owned enterprises by this ratio. The possible profit obtained is the average profit that a state-owned enterprise would have received if it were also a private enterprise. This average profit value, minus the actual profits of the state-owned enterprises, is the value of the possible profits lost by the state-owned enterprises. If this value is positive, then state-owned enterprises do bring disadvantages to everyone. If the number is negative, the average profit of state-owned enterprises is higher than that of private enterprises, and the probability of such a situation is very small.
The ratio of private enterprise profits to output value b for any single industry that meets the above conditions (this b may be negative.) Even a negative number does not affect the following calculations, but only calculates in an algebraic way. It is no longer calculated according to the arithmetic method), subtract the ratio of state-owned enterprise profits to output value c, and get the value d, b minus c equals d. The value of d should be roughly equal for each industry, and it can be concluded that the value of d is positive. Because, if the industry that meets the above conditions is prosperous, whether it is a private enterprise or a state-owned enterprise, it will be relatively profitable. Both the ratio b and c will increase relatively, but their difference, b minus c is equal to d's d value, which is basically unchanged.
Because for a country, the social climate is roughly the same, and the level of waste and corruption is basically the same. As a result, the level of waste in SOEs across industries or whatever, is basically the same. The private enterprises of free competition are basically similar throughout the country, and the level of managers and the quality of workers are similar. The difference in how much money these private companies are likely to make is largely determined by industry luck. Therefore, the size of this d-value obtained by the free competition industry should be roughly equal.
This d value is multiplied by the total output value of all state-owned enterprises, and the value obtained is the total economic loss caused by the state-owned enterprises because they are state-owned enterprises. If these state-owned enterprises were also privately owned, they would have generated so much more profits.
There is a similar simple calculation. Excluding the state-owned enterprises in the whole country from resource-based enterprises, monopoly enterprises, and even semi-monopoly enterprises, all the remaining state-owned enterprises use output value as the denominator and profit as the numerator to obtain the ratio c. The output value of all private enterprises is used as the denominator, and the profit is used as the numerator, so as to obtain the ratio B, and then B minus C to obtain the D value. This d value is multiplied by the total output value of state-owned enterprises, and the value obtained is the whole society, because some enterprises are state-owned enterprises, and the amount of unnecessary losses brought about.
Monopoly enterprises and resource-based enterprises in China's state-owned enterprises can all obtain certain profits. Almost all of the profits obtained by resource-based enterprises are false profits, and the resource rent is regarded as the profits of the enterprise, such as oil companies. Oil is a resource with high resource rent, and the vast majority of the profits obtained by oil companies are resource rents. There is very little profit really generated from the operation of the oil business, and the rent of these resources should be handed over to the state. In the past, oil companies hardly paid profits, and these resource rents, which originally belonged to the whole people, were exclusively obtained by oil companies. Now these oil companies are starting to hand over a portion of their so-called profits.
China's monopolistic state-owned enterprises can also make some profits. According to the instinct of state-owned enterprises, if the monopoly of this industry is broken, the ratio of their possible profits will be the same as that of state-owned enterprises in other competing industries. Their relative excess profits are achieved by monopolies plundering consumer wealth. In monopolies, the more relative excess profits state-owned enterprises make, the more wealth consumers are plundered. For example, most of the profits of state-owned enterprises in the communications industry are obtained by monopoly plunder. If these industries are completely dismantled, everyone will be able to use and consume cheaper products produced by these industries. It can be said that most of the profits obtained by monopolies are plundered from everyone.
The oil companies are both resource-based and monopolistic enterprises, and the oil companies also plunder wealth from everyone. If China's oil industry is completely free to compete, the gasoline and diesel used by everyone will be cheaper than now. The oil industry also has a resource rent, and the rent of these oil resources should be hundreds of billions of yuan per year, which belongs to the wealth of all the people and should be handed over to the state treasury. The state should use the money to do more things for everyone, or appropriately reduce the tax ratio to benefit the people.