Shaanzhou in Sanmenxia City, HenanPit YardGreased"Ancient villages under the horizon, human cave dwellingsLiving fossils"。This magical village is breathtaking with its unique underground architecture. "I can't see the village when I see the trees, I can't see the houses when I enter the village, and I can't see people when I hear the sounds"Describe it this wayPit Yard, vividly revealing its characteristics. Pit YardAlso known as Tianjing Kiln Courtyard, it is a remnant of ancient human cave dwelling and is unique in northern China"Underground quadrangle"。Its history dates back thousands of years and isLoess PlateauThe unique form of dwelling in the region is also a physical witness to the development history of human cave dwelling.
Pit YardNestled inLoess PlateauThe edge of the area, the soil is thick and hard, undergroundCavesIt naturally plays a role in temperature regulation, warm in winter and cool in summer. MoreoverPit YardThe way of construction is simple、Economyaffordable, it was undoubtedly an ideal choice for the poor mountain dwellers at that time. The construction process is also very simple: dig a square pit of 6 to 7 meters in flat ground, and then dig 8 to 12 holes in the four walls of the pitCaves, theseCavesLido made a kang out of adobe for people to rest. Rather, to enterPit YardIt is necessary to pass through a doorway hole more than ten meters long, and the location of the doorway and the direction of the opening are particular, because it is the wholePit YardThe key.
Pit YardIn addition to being used for living, there are also separateCavesUsed as:Kitchen, toilets, chicken coops and corrals. People use reeds to make hoards, spread wheat bran underneath, and then seal them with mud after holding the grain, this storage method can make the grain do not grow insects or rot within three or even five years, showing the wisdom of the ancients.
Pit YardThe construction went through four main steps, which can be summarized simply:"Dig holes downward, dig holes in the four walls, wear boots and hats, and beautify decorations"。
First, people dig a square pit about 6 to 7 meters deep in the flat ground, and this pit isPit YardThe foundation. Next, 8 to 12 are chiseled out in the four walls of the pitCavesCavesThe size and location are arranged according to the actual living needs. , theseCavesThe roles are very diverse, some are used as living spaces, and some are used as:Kitchenand toilets, some of which are used to store food and feedAnimalsCavesThe kang is a place for residents to rest, and people sleep, eat, and gather on the kang, and it becomesPit Yardlifeof the center.
And then, inPit YardA ramp is carved out of the exit to make it easier for residents to enter and exit. This ramp-like passage is actually a connectionPit YardSteps inside and on the ground, thus allowing residents to enter and exit. A well was dug next to the passage for people and livestock to use water. This layout is both convenientlife, which in turn meets the basic drinking water needs.
Finally,Pit YardSome landscaping has been done to make it more comfortable and livable. From the walls to the floor, people use a variety of materials for decoration, such as hanging paintingsPainted, porcelain, etc. AlthoughPit YardIt is simple to build, but it is exquisite in terms of decoration.
Today, ShaanzhouPit YardThere are more than 200 villages, of which more than 12,000 are the most intactPit Yard。, thesePit YardIt has become a characteristic village and attracts a large number of tourists to visit it. Among them, the one that has been preserved for the longest timePit YardIt has a history of more than 300 years and has become known for people to understand ancient cave dwellingsCultureExperience traditionlifeway of important places.
, thesePit Yardis in a good state of preservation, thanks to the conservation and restoration efforts of the local **. A lot of money and manpower has been invested, rightPit YardIt has been repaired, remediated and transformed to make it more modern and adaptablelifeof needs. At the same time,Pit YardIt has also become an important part of the local tourism industry, attracting more and more tourists to come for sightseeing.
ShaanzhouPit YardAs a unique form of residential architecture, it not only has historical value, but also shows the wisdom and creativity of the ancients. It isLoess PlateauThe living style created by the local residents under the conditions of poverty and backwardness not only meets the housing needs of the residents, but also has the functions of good temperature regulation and grain storage. The construction process of the pit courtyard is simple and practical, which not only reflects the production level of the society at that timeCulturelevel, which also reflects people's ability to adapt to and use the natural environment.
Pit YardIt is our responsibility to protect and pass on the heritage of our country, which is a unique village in our countryCultureHeritage, but also our history andCultureimportant components. Through protection and developmentPit Yard, we are better able to pass on and carry forward the traditionCultureAt the same time, it can also promote the development of local rural tourism, for:Economygrowth and social progress contribute.
In the context of today's rapid urbanizationPit YardAs a traditional form of living, it has a great history andCultureValue. Through preservation and inheritancePit YardWe are able to preserve and pass on those precious traditionsCultureto give people a better understanding of our history and traditions. Pit YardThe unique charm will attract more and more tourists to come for sightseeing and inject new impetus into the development of local rural tourism.
In short,Pit YardIt is unique and precious in our country and even in the worldCultureHeritage, they are not just ancient inhabitantslifeThe testimony of history is our appreciation of history andCultureimportant review. We should be for the preservation and inheritancePit YardMake more efforts to let these unique villages continue to shine through the ages. Through development and utilizationPit YardThe tourism resources that we are able to provide for the countrysideEconomyand to make more people aware and aware of this unique form of residential architecture.