Beijing official trial: a unique method from registers to township reviews.
In the legal system of the Qing Dynasty, there were clear provisions on the good and lowly and the lowly ones who should apply for the examination and donate, which became an important basis for the trial of the proposed crime. The case was assigned by the emperor, and the basis for the proposed crime must be stated in the prelude. The key to the trial of these cases is to determine whether the accused is of pariah nationality or engaged in a lowly profession. The methods mainly include consulting documents such as books and township assessments, but in some cases, there is a lack of books that can be proven, and the judgment can only be based on the township reviews or the testimony of relevant persons.
Case Study: Unidentified Fraudulent Examinations and Fraudulent Donations.
In some cases, for example, Zhang Guangxian, a native of Jiangxia County, Hubei Province, who "donated to Zhixian County", became a Beijing-controlled case because of his unverifiable register. Similar situations also include Dong Yulin's accusation of being a "flag slave" and making fraudulent donations, and finally revealing the truth by collecting criminal evidence and pro-Canadian research. During the trial, the seal knot is used as the last line of defense, and the net worth of the donor is ensured through inspection.
Seal the system: False text becomes a tool of greed.
As a kind of supporting document, the seal ensures that the donor has the legal qualifications to make a donation. However, there are problems in the actual operation of the seal system, and it often becomes a fiction. On the one hand, the knot** lacks a true understanding of the donor's situation, and only adds a seal on the basis of the pro-confession or the clan's neighbor's knot. On the other hand, for personal gain, it has become the norm to collect settlement fees, which seriously affects the authenticity of the seal.
Fictional Stories and Greed: **Out of the shady scene.
* When dealing with knots, they often pursue self-interest without asking the origin of the knot's net worth. The provinces set up bureaus to collect fees, resulting in huge settlements, which became the right of the provinces to end up. Despite the edicts and regulations requiring careful inspection, in practice, greed has caused the system to lose its original role.
Emergency response: the magistrate's plot and the threat of a boycott.
Once a case occurs, in order to appease public anger, the magistrate often resorts to suspending the examination qualification of the party under attack. The aim is to avoid a major boycott. However, the Qing ** took strict measures against the boycott, treating it as "the most incompetent".
Conclusion: The Conspiracy and Legal System of the Qing Dynasty Jingkong Case.
The legal system and methods used in the Qing Dynasty to hear the Jingkong case revealed a series of unique regulations and operating methods. From the trial methods to the seal system, to the power of the magistrates, all of this constituted a complex and sophisticated trial system in Qing society. However, the existence of greed and vanity also makes the actual operation of this system full of loopholes and drawbacks.
The legal system and methods used in the Qing Dynasty to try the Beijing control case presented a complex picture full of conspiracy and fiction. Although the legal system of this period had certain provisions, in practice, the problems of greed and corruption made the system itself lose its due effectiveness.
First of all, the method of trying the case highlighted the high level of social concern about identity at that time. The key point of the trial is to confirm whether the defendant is of pariah nationality or engaged in a lowly profession. This technique not only showed the strong division of classes in feudal society at that time, but also made the trial of the case full of room for subjective judgment. In the absence of reliable documentary proof, township appraisal has become a common method, but its subjectivity and limitations make it difficult to impartially adjudicate the verdict.
Second, the existence of the seal system did not serve its intended function. As the last line of defense, the seal should be the final confirmation of the innocence of the donor, but in practice, the seal is often made up of fees out of self-interest considerations, making the seal system a dead letter. This has made what should be a serious legal process rotten and provides an opportunity for corruption.
In addition, the emergency response to the strike also highlights the power of the local government. In order to appease public anger, the magistrates went so far as to suspend the qualifications for the examination, which was not only a violation of the legal process, but also a serious challenge to the Qing Dynasty's social system of dignity and order. Although the Qing Dynasty has taken strict measures against the boycott of the examination, it is still difficult to curb the scheming methods of the local government in actual operation.
Finally, the legal system and methods used throughout the Qing Dynasty to try the Jingkong case revealed the inherent corruption and hypocrisy of the social system. This phenomenon is not an isolated case, but a systemic one. Under the influence of intrigue and corruption, the legal process has become feeble, and society's quest for innocence has become an empty talk. Although the trial system of this period has its own special historical background, the drawbacks in it are thought-provoking. The reform of Qing society was imminent, and it was necessary to establish a more just and transparent legal system to maintain social fairness and justice.
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