On December 20, the "2023 Global Top Ten Engineering Achievements" selected by the journal "Engineering" of the Chinese Academy of Engineering was released in Beijing, and the executive editor-in-chief of the journal and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Chen Jianfeng, released the selection results.
Engineering shoulders the mission of promoting the progress of engineering science and technology, leading the innovation of engineering science and technology, and promoting the spirit of engineering science and technology. Since 2021, the journal Engineering has cooperated with the "Global Engineering Frontiers" consulting and research project team of the Chinese Academy of Engineering to organize the selection of the "Top Ten Global Engineering Achievements" every year, in order to display major innovation achievements in engineering science and technology, guide all walks of life around the world to pay attention to engineering science and technology, and create an atmosphere of respect and admiration for engineering science and technology innovation. In the past three years, the selection of "Top Ten Global Engineering Achievements" has attracted extensive participation from engineering and scientific personnel from all over the world and extensive attention from the public.
The selection of the "2023 Global Top Ten Engineering Achievements" is determined by the global solicitation of nominations, expert selection and recommendation, public questionnaire surveys, and the selection committee. This year's shortlisted "Top 10 Global Engineering Achievements" mainly refer to the major innovation achievements in engineering science and technology that have been completed by engineering and science and technology workers from all over the world in the past five years in cooperation or alone, and have been verified in practice and have had a global impact, including not only major engineering projects or key technical equipment, but also key original innovations and breakthroughs in engineering science and technology. The achievements selected include: ChatGPT, China's space station, exascale supercomputer, Baihetan Hydropower Station, double asteroid redirection test, RTS, S AS01 malaria vaccine, HarmonyOS operating system, Spot & Atlas robot, lithium-ion power battery, and unmanned aerial vehicles.
The world's top ten engineering achievements in this selection reflect three characteristics: First, they represent the most advanced technical level or major original breakthroughs in one or more fields of engineering science and technology, and can lead the direction of future technological progress, such as the birth of ChatGPT, which has attracted widespread attention around the world and has become an epoch-making application product of artificial intelligence technology. For example, as the world's first hydropower station with a single capacity of one million kilowatts, China's Baihetan Hydropower Station has complex geological conditions and huge project scale, representing the highest level of hydropower technology development in the world today. The third is to give birth to new industries and new kinetic energy, which has important industrial and economic driving value, and represents the development direction of new quality productivity, such as lithium-ion power batteries and unmanned aerial vehicles have broad application scenarios, which have shown explosive and rapid growth in recent years and have produced huge economic and social benefits.
Engineering benefits mankind, and science and technology create the future. Jointly founded by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Higher Education Press, Engineering is committed to building a world-class comprehensive and authoritative journal of engineering science and technology, and providing a platform for the release and exchange of major innovation achievements in high-level engineering science and technology for the world.
2023 "Top 10 Engineering Achievements in the World".
Project Brief Introduction. chatgpt
On November 30, 2022, the American company OpenAI launched the chatbot product ChatGPT. As a natural language generative neural network model based on the Xi mechanism of attention, ChatGPT can realize functions such as text content synthesis, machine translation, automatic document summarization, and ** generation through the combination of self-supervised learning Xi Xi, supervised fine-tuning, and human-in-the-loop reinforcement chemistry. ChatGPT is by far one of the most successful products to achieve artificial intelligence empowerment through natural language interaction, providing a paradigm for humans to achieve general artificial intelligence.
Chinese space station.
In November 2022, China's space station was assembled and built in orbit after 11 launch missions. The body of the Chinese space station consists of 3 modules, with a total mass of 67 in orbit5 tons, 122 cubic meters of astronaut activity space, can achieve long-term 3 people, short-term 6 people, equipped with 4 special LT-100 high-power Hall electric propulsion engine to maintain orbit operation, the use of advanced regenerative life support technology to achieve closed-loop utilization of resources. The completion and operation of China's space station will provide broader prospects and opportunities for human space exploration and development.
Exascale supercomputers.
On May 30, 2022, the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory partnered with AMD to build the "Frontier" supercomputer system to deliver a supercomputer system of 11 1018 floating-point arithmetic, rated by the International Supercomputing Organization as the fastest computer in the world. As the world's first exascale computer, the Frontier supercomputer ushers in a new era of E-level computing, providing more powerful computational tools for solving the world's toughest scientific challenges, such as accurate climate**, nuclear fusion simulations, and the discovery of new materials and drugs.
Baihetan Hydropower Station.
On December 20, 2022, all units of the Baihetan Hydropower Station, located in the main stream of the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in China, were put into operation for power generation. The dam is a 300-meter-class ultra-high concrete double-curved arch dam, which is the first time in the world that the whole dam is poured with low-heat cement concrete. The power station installed the world's first batch of 16 hydro-generator units with a single capacity of one million kilowatts, leading the hydropower generation into a new era of single million kilowatts. The Baihetan Hydropower Station, along with the Three Gorges Project, the Gezhouba Project, the Wudongde Hydropower Station, the Xiluodu Hydropower Station and the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station, constitute the world's largest clean energy corridor spanning 1,800 kilometers on the Yangtze River in China.
Double asteroid redirection test.
On September 27, 2022, NASA used the launch of the "Double Asteroid Redirection Test" spacecraft with a total mass of 610 kilograms, in space 11 million kilometers from Earth, with a total mass of 6With a relative velocity of 6 km/s, it hit one of the smaller asteroids in a group of near-Earth binary asteroid systems, thereby shortening its orbital period by 32 minutes. This is the first test mission to protect the Earth from an asteroid impact, and it has successfully demonstrated the ability of humans to purposefully change the orbital motion of celestial bodies.
RTS, S AS01 malaria vaccine.
On 6 October 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended for the first time the RTS,s AS01 malaria vaccine for children in some areas with a high risk of malaria transmission. It is the world's first approved malaria vaccine developed by GlaxoSmithKline in collaboration with Path MVI. The malaria vaccine innovatively fuses the C-terminal sequence of Plasmodium falciparum cyclosporozoite protein CSP with the hepatitis B virus surface antigen and assembles it into a subunit vaccine with a virus-like particle structure, which greatly improves the immunogenicity. The successful development of malaria vaccine is an important milestone in the history of mankind's fight against malaria.
HarmonyOS
On August 9, 2019, Huawei released HarmonyOS OS, a new distributed operating system based on microkernels and all scenarios. For the first time, the HarmonyOS system uses a distributed architecture for the terminal operating system to achieve seamless cross-terminal collaborative experience for users, adopts a new microkernel design to reshape the trusted security of terminal devices, and supports one-time development and multi-terminal deployment through a unified IDE to achieve cross-terminal ecological sharing. HarmonyOS provides solutions for the interconnection of people, devices, and scenarios, and represents technological innovation for the all-scenario smart era.
Spot & Atlas bots.
In recent years, every new robot released by Boston Dynamics in the United States has brought a strong visual and cognitive impact to people. The upgraded quadruped robot SPOT has a 360-degree obstacle avoidance function, and can walk, run, climb, etc. in different terrains and environmentsThe new generation of Atlas bipedal humanoid robot has 28 degrees of freedom, which can complete jumping, rolling, handstand, dancing, parkour and other actions naturally and coherently. Boston Dynamics robots represent the most advanced level of robot research and development today, showing broad industrial application prospects.
Lithium-ion power batteries.
Lithium-ion power batteries use lithium-ion embedded compounds as the cathode material and carbon materials as the anode materials, which have the advantages of high energy density, long life, light weight and environmental protection. In recent years, the key core technologies of lithium-ion power batteries have been continuously broken through, with the energy density of the battery system reaching 255wh kg, the cycle life of more than 5,000 times, the thermal diffusion time increased to more than 24 hours, and the safety performance has been greatly improved. As a new energy storage technology, lithium-ion power batteries have been widely used in electric vehicles, electric light vehicles, power tools, aerospace and other fields.
Unmanned aerial vehicles.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are unmanned aerial vehicles that can perform a variety of tasks by humans that can be operated remotely or controlled by autonomous programs. In recent years, with the continuous breakthroughs in power technology, hovering technology, navigation technology, human-computer interaction, cluster technology, and artificial intelligence, UAVs are rapidly moving towards intelligence, miniaturization, clustering, and systematization. Companies such as DJI, Parrot, and 3D Robotics are leading the global drone technology and industry progress. As a highly flexible delivery vehicle, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have shown great potential in many fields such as military and civilian.
*: People's client).
Editor: Jin Xin].
*: People's client).