Chapter 9: Taber Chapter 8
Zi said: "Taber."
Taber: The eldest son of the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, Gu Gong's father.
Three: the meaning of many times.
The people have nothing to praise him: the people could not find the right words to praise him.
Confucius said: "Taber can be called a very noble character, he has repeatedly ceded the status of the Son of Heaven to his younger brother Ji Li, and the people do not know how to praise him." ”
The ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, Gu Gong's father, had three sons: Taibo, Zhongyong, and Ji Li. Legend has it that Gu Gong foresaw that Ji Li's son Ji Chang had holy virtue, so he wanted to break the convention of the eldest son succeeding to the throne and pass the throne to Ji Chang through Ji Li. As the eldest son, Taibo realized his father's wish, and his second brother Zhongyong went to the land of Jingman, called himself Gou Wu, and established himself as Wu Taibo, becoming the ancestor of the later Wu Kingdom. After the death of King Tai of Zhou, Ji Li inherited the throne, which was later passed to Ji Chang, who was the king of Zhou Wen. After he succeeded to the throne, he strengthened the state of Zhou, and his son Ji Fa, that is, King Wu of Zhou, destroyed Yin Shang and unified the world. As the eldest son, Taber ran away from home and renounced the throne in order to fulfill his father's wish, so even the saints praised him for his extremely noble character.
Song Zhu Xi: "With the virtue of Taibo, when the Shang and Zhou dynasties, it is enough to have the world for the princes, but if you abandon it and do not take it, then why is it so virtuous!."Cover its heart is the heart of the horse, and the difficulties of the matter are very difficult, and the sigh and praise of the master are also. Taber didn't follow, and the matter was passed on in the Spring and Autumn Period. ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "However, the desire of the prince to establish a virtuous son and a holy grandson is enough to help the world for his way, and it is not a selfish desire to love and hate, and it is not a shame for Taibo to go, and Wang Ji is not greedy for it." If you don't go to the end, you don't want to destroy your limbs. Cover the changes of the father and son of the monarch and the minister, without losing the mean, so it is the most virtuous. ”
Zi said: "If you are respectful and rude, you will work."
Lao: The meaning of toil, toil.
Hold: Reserved, fearful.
Hanging: Speaking harshly, hurting the exit.
Du: Kindness and sincerity.
Confucius said, "Respectful but not polite temperance leads to hard work, prudence but no courtesy temperance leads to timidity, brave but no polite temperance leads to trouble, and straightforward but no polite temperance becomes harsh." If a gentleman treats his relatives deeply, the people will rise up with benevolence, so if the monarch does not abandon his old friends, the people will not be indifferent. ”
Respect to others is a virtue, but if there is a lack of restraint of courtesy, blind respect will make you look like a submissive person, and make yourself tired. Prudence in words and deeds is what Confucius has always advocated for us, but without the restraint of courtesy, being cautious in everything will turn into timidity, resulting in nothing. In the same way, only if you are brave and do not pay attention to etiquette, you will be reckless and cause trouble;If you go straight and be too straightforward, you will not be able to get off the stage. Therefore, no matter what kind of virtue it is, it must be tempered and neutralized by etiquette, so that people will be in harmony with their words and deeds and conform to social norms.
Song Zhu Xi: "This section is not related to the above, but similar to the meaning of the first article to chase the distance cautiously, Wu said that it is close." ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "Respectful, cautious, brave, and straightforward, all four are difficult for people, and rudeness has its own disadvantages." It can be seen that a gentleman should be polite when he moves, and he must not leave for a moment. Another note: "The husband is between relatives and deaths, and the upward and downward effects should be like this." Those who are kings can not cultivate themselves with a righteous heart, thinking that they are the foundation of guiding the people. ”
Zeng Zi was ill, and he called the door ** and said: "Enlightenment."
Kai: Open, Zeng Zi asked the students to lift the quilt to look at their hands and feet.
Exemption: Refers to the protection of the body from injury.
Boy: The name of **.
Zeng Shen was sick and called his ** and said, "Look at my feet, look at my hands!."The Book of Songs says: 'Trembling, as if facing the abyss, as if walking on thin ice. From now on, I know that I am free from the calamity, students”
Today, we face far more disasters than the ancients. In addition to the pressures of life and career, we also face the threat of various diseases and accidents, and it is everyone's wish to live a peaceful life. We live not only for ourselves, but also for our families and loved ones. No matter what difficulties we encounter, we should persevere in order to care for and love our loved ones, and live a positive and optimistic life. We must not think about it for a while and find a short-term view, "the body is skinned, and the parents who receive it dare not destroy it", so when we hurt ourselves, we are also hurting the parents who love us the most, which is a great unfilial behavior.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "The gentleman said."
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "So the meaning of Ding Ning is to be fearful, and he does not dare to forget his relatives when he moves his feet." The husband is so protected by the great-son. Whoever indulges in his desires to hurt his roots, and insults his relatives by doing bad deeds, will be useless. Those who are sons of men should take Zengzi as the law, so that they can be close to their hearts and do their best. ”
Zengzi has a disease, Meng Jingzi.
Meng Jingzi: That is, Meng Sunjie, the doctor of Lu State.
Question: What does it mean to visit, to visit.
Moving Appearance: Expressing one's inner feelings on one's face.
Slow: Rough and presumptuous.
Positive color: Make your face solemn and serious.
Zeng Shen was sick, and Meng Jingzi went to visit him. Zeng Shen said: "When a bird is about to die, the sound of chirping is sad;When a person is about to die, the words he utters are kind. There are three things that a gentleman values in the Tao: if you behave in a dignified manner, you will stay away from rudeness and neglect;Serious one's countenance is close to integrity;If you speak with pleasant words, you will avoid vulgarity and mistakes. As for the details of the etiquette, it was the business of the officials in charge. ”
When a person's life comes to an end, he reflects on his life and returns to the essence of life, and his words are all kind. When life is about to end, all the intrigues, all the achievements and failures, all the glory and shame have become a thing of the past, and the affectionate nostalgia for life arises spontaneously. We should not wait until we are about to die before our conscience discovers and sees through fame and fortune. If you want to have no regrets in life, you must start from now, reflect on yourself from time to time, often repent for improvement, and be a perfect gentleman.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "Moving appearance, for example." Circling around the courtesy, the violentness is far away. The positive color is not vain, and it is close to faith. Out of the rhetoric, is by **, Si Yuan despises times. The three are in the body and do not seek outside, so the matter of the bean is saved. ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "People are learning, you know their greatness, there is nothing bad about the big line, and there is nothing left behind in the subsections, and it is a whole virtue." If you abandon the big and make the small, the big will be lost, and the small will not be enough. Moreover, in the study of the emperor, and different from the Shishu people, then those who are righteous in self-cultivation to establish the extreme of the world, how can they be at the end of the degree of etiquette?Those who are interested in sages should know what they are doing. ”
Zeng Zi said: "To be able to ask is not to be able to, to ask more than to be few, if there is nothing, if there is nothing;Committing a crime without school.
School: the same comparison, the meaning of calculation.
My friend: My friend, I generally think that this refers to Yan Yuan.
Zeng Tzu said: "Those who have talent seek advice from those who have no talent, and those who have more knowledge seek advice from those who have less knowledge;Learning is like no learning, full of knowledge and nothingness, and it doesn't care if it is violated by others—my friend used to be able to do that. ”
Everyone should have a humble attitude, so that they can constantly improve themselves. We often disdain to ask for advice from the so-called "incompetent and ignorant" people, but "the inch is long, the ruler is short", and they may have some talent and knowledge that we lack. As the so-called "gentleman is impermanent", we should learn from all people, and not be humble and complacent. And if we treat those who offend us with integrity and fairness, we can not only gain the respect of others, but also make them reflect on themselves and make corrections consciously, which is the best of both worlds.
Song Zhu Xi: "Yanzi's heart only knows the infinity of righteousness and reason, and he can't see the existence of things, so he can be like this." ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "Fu Kongmen teaches the mind, and Yanzi has his own sect, and he works weekdays, but that's it." If you are modest enough to be accepted, you will hear more and be more knowledgeable, and if you forgive things, you will be selfish and virtuous. Anything that is virtuous or holy does not come out of these two. Gai scholars should be committed to Si. ”
Zeng Zi said: "You can support a six-foot lonely, and you can send a hundred miles of life."
Send a hundred miles of life: send, sustenance, the meaning of entrustment. The life of a hundred miles refers to the control of state power and destiny.
Zeng Tzu said: "You can entrust your underage children to him, you can entrust him with the affairs of the country, and face the critical moment of life and death without wavering and yielding—is such a person a gentleman?"It's a gentleman!”
Zeng Zi believes that a person who can entrust his life and not take away the big festival is a true gentleman. The gentleman that Zeng Zi said can accept orders in danger, and the monarch can rest assured that he can be alone when he is dying, and he does not have to worry about handing over all the affairs of the country to him, and he can stick to his position to protect the country at the critical moment of life and death. This is also the image of a gentleman admired by Confucius, who believed that a gentleman should have two personalities, both self-improvement, lifelong moral cultivation, and uprightness;It is also necessary to have a sense of social responsibility, worry about the country, and be loyal to the country. Zhuge Liang in the Three Kingdoms period was such a gentleman, and such a gentleman was not only a role model for people but also the backbone of the nation.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "Discipline is like that."
Song Zhu Xi: "His talents can assist the young monarch and the regent, and he cannot be taken away when he is dead or alive, which can be described as a gentleman." ”
Zeng Zi said: "Scholars can't not be Hongyi."
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Hongyi: Hong, vast. Perseverance, perseverance.
Zeng Tzu said: "An intellectual cannot do without a broad mind and strong perseverance, because he is shouldering a major historical mission and has a long way to go. Isn't it important to take the realization of benevolence as one's historical mission?The pursuit of this ideal can not stop until death, isn't the road far away?”
Promoting benevolence is a lifelong undertaking, and those who have a conscience should strive for it all their lives, and then die. With benevolence as the center, we should not only have a heart of benevolence, but also carry forward this spirit and guide the whole society to be benevolent.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "Hong but not."
Song Zhu Xi: "The benevolent person is the full virtue of the human heart, and he must want to practice it with his body, which can be described as important." A breath remains, and this ambition cannot be slackened, which can be described as far-reaching. He also said, "Hong, broad." Perseverance, forbearance. Non-Hong can't win its weight, and non-perseverance can't make it far. ”
Zi said: "Xing."
Xing: Begin. Le: **
Confucius said: "Self-cultivation begins in the Book of Songs, the way to establish oneself lies in etiquette, and the achievement of temperament lies in **."
Poetry contains a wealth of thoughts and feelings, which can show people truth, goodness and beauty, so reading poetry can stimulate people's emotions and invigorate people's spirits, so as to achieve the purpose of self-cultivation and motivation of aspirations. Zhongzheng's beautiful poems have a strong appeal, and if people read more such good poems, the whole society will be able to receive the effect of the people's hearts and minds and changing customs. **Pay attention to "thinking without evil", harmony-oriented, perfection, so that people's hearts are full of joy, and behavior is fair and selfless. Therefore, we should pay attention to the important role of poetry and ** in our lives, use art to cultivate sentiment, and achieve noble personality;We must also abide by the legal system in every word and deed, and be a perfect upright gentleman.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "There are not few talents in the world, especially because Taoism is unknown, so they must not achieve anything." The poems of the ancients, the songs of today, although they are childish, are all accustomed to hearing and knowing what they say, so they can rise. Although the teacher is a Confucian, he still can't know his meaning, and the scholar is still a scholarIt is not to be interested in poetry. The ancients responded with sprinkling silicon, and even crowns, faints, mourning, and sacrifices, all of which were polite. Now it is all ruined, because the human ethics are unknown, the family cannot be governed, and it is not allowed to stand in courtesy. The joy of the ancients: the sound nourishes its ears, the color nourishes its eyes, the singing nourishes its temperament, and the dance nourishes its blood. If there is nothing now, it will not be able to be happy. It is easy to make a material from the past, but it is also difficult to make a material today. ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "However, the poetry of the ancients
Zi said: "Minke."
Yes: Yes. Confucius said, "The common people can let them do things according to our will, but they cannot let them know why they do it." ”
There is a lot of controversy about this quote from Confucius. Some people think that this sentence shows that Confucius stood on the position of the ruling class at that time and advocated the best policy. In fact, this chapter is not about the relationship between the ruler and the people, but about the relationship between the people and the Great Dao. Confucius believed that the Great Dao was ubiquitous, but because the cultural level of the common people could not be generally improved, they could unconsciously follow and use the Great Dao, but they could not understand it spontaneouslyIt's really hard to get everyone, especially when it comes to politics, to make it understand. This requires the ruling class to educate everyone in accordance with Confucius's idea of "education without class", so that ordinary people can also master knowledge and etiquette.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "Saints."
Song Zhu Xi: "The people can make it a matter of course, but they can't make it know why it is." ”
Zi said: "Good bravery.
Disease: The meaning of hatred, hatred.
Unkind: A person or thing that does not conform to benevolence.
It's done: it's done, too. It's too much, it's too much.
Confucius said, "Those who love courage but hate poverty will cause chaos." If you persecute people or things that are not virtuous, you will also be in trouble. ”
If you are too persecuted against unkind people or things, it will lead to social instability. It is right to be jealous and hateful, but we should also pay attention to giving opportunities for correction, and we must not be unforgiving. If a person makes a mistake, he will never turn over, and there is no chance of reform, which will inevitably inspire a rebellious mentality and act even more recklessly. The ruling class should pay attention to the criminal psychology of the common people and find the source to educate them;And we ordinary people should also have a benevolent and generous tolerance for others, and we should not be too ruthless to those who are wrong, and it is best to influence them.
Song Zhu Xi: "If you are brave and restless, you will make chaos." and the wicked and unkind will leave them without tolerance, and they will cause chaos. The hearts of the two, although good and evil are different, but their chaos is the same. ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "Those who are brave and brave and poor are self-inflicted, and they are the first evil in the world, and as for those who are evil and unkind, they are right, and if they are not good, they are enough to cause chaos, and they are in vain." If a gentleman treats a villain, how can he be lightly punished without trial. ”
Zi said: "If there is the beauty of Zhou Gong's talent, make it."
Make: If, if.
Foot: Worth it. Confucius said: "Even if you have a beautiful talent like the Duke of Zhou, if you are proud and stingy, then other aspects are not worth seeing." ”
Zhou Gong customized etiquette and music, had both ability and political integrity, and was a great politician highly respected by Confucius. In Confucius's view, the Duke of Zhou was not only not arrogant, but also a model of humility and generosity. Confucius attached great importance to the cultivation of benevolence and virtue, believing that a gentleman-like character should not only be high, but more importantly, should have good virtue. Therefore, he said that even if he has such beautiful talents and skills as Zhou Gong, if he is proud and stingy, even if he is good in other aspects, it is not commendable. In fact, the saint is admonishing us to be humble and generous.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "This is even arrogant. Covered with the virtue of Zhou Gong, there is no arrogance;If you are arrogant and stingy with the talent of Zhou Gong, it is not enough to watch. He also said, "Proud, full of spirit." Miserly, sorry. ”
Song Zhu Xi: "Although arrogance has the difference of apology, it is often the same. Cover the branches and leaves of the stingy, and the roots of the stingy. Therefore, the people of the world who have tasted it are not arrogant and not stingy, and those who are stingy but not arrogant. ”
Zi said: "Three years of study, not to the valley."
Valley: In ancient times, the valley was used as an official, and the word "valley" was used here to represent the official. It doesn't mean to be an official.
Confucius said: "It is very difficult for such a person to study for three years without developing the desire to become an official." ”
Confucius advocated "learning and excellence", but he also appreciated the learning attitude of dedication to Taoism.
Song Zhu Xi: "For the sake of learning for a long time, without seeking Lu, such a person is not easy to get." ”
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "The king of the people employs people, and those who have practical learning must be hired and respected, so that they can show their potential." If the husband pretends to learn to make a name for himself, he will not use it. Those who are greedy for positions will not steal famous weapons indiscriminately, and they will not help the country. ”
Zi said: "Believe in studiousness, keep the good way of death, and danger the state."
State in danger: A country on the verge of extinction.
See: Same as "present".
Confucius said: "Firm faith and hard work, never deviate from the good path in your life." Countries on the verge of peril do not go, and countries in turmoil do not live. When the world is politically clear, it will come out to do things, and if it is politically chaotic, it will go into hiding. It is a shame to be politically clear and to be poor;It is also a shame for the country to be chaotic and rich and prosperous. ”
A gentleman should follow principles, establish firm beliefs, and persevere in being diligent and studious, swearing to defend and improve the way of governing the country and being a person. If the country has a way and the politics is clear, he will become an official;There is no way in the world, and the politics is dark, so they will retreat to the mountains and forests. If there is a way in the world and you are poor and lowly, it is your shame;In the same way, it is also a shame for you to be rich and noble. The entry and exit of a gentleman, whether he is rich or poor, should all depend on the changes in the overall situation of the country, and he must be firm in his convictions.
Song Zhu Xi: "If you don't believe in it, you can't learn well;."However, if you believe but do not learn, you may not believe in it. If you do not keep to death, you cannot do it well;However, if it is not enough to do well, it is only death. Cover the effect of the faith of the dead, and the good man is eager to learn. "When a gentleman sees danger and gives orders, then those who are in danger have nothing to do, and they can't enter outside." The chaotic state is not in danger, and the criminal and political discipline is disorderly, so he cleanses himself and leaves. The world, for example. If there is no way, it will be invisible and invisible. Only those who believe in learning and keep the good way of death can do it. And not: "There is nothing to be done in the world."
Ming Zhang Juzheng: "Gai Wei can't believe in studiousness, keep the good way of death, so there is no way to govern the world, and the world is chaotic and unable to keep the festival, it is just a mediocre person, how can it be enough?"A scholar cannot be without support, and he is like a husband. ”
Zi said: "If you are not in your position, you will not seek your own government." ”
Confucius said, "If you are not in that position, you will not participate in its political affairs." ”
Those who are in power and officials should be content with their duties, do their own things well, and do not interfere in other people's affairs. This is not only respecting others, but also maintaining one's own dignity well. From the state to the units, there are strict positions within them, and people have their own responsibilities and responsibilities, and no one can overstep their responsibilities. You have to find the right place for yourself and set a good name. Helpfulness is a virtue, but it is necessary to grasp it. Find out where you stand first, and then consider coordinating with others and helping each other, rather than overstepping your authority and interfering in others' work at will.
Song Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi: "Not there."
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