Bottom fertilizer refers to the fertilizer applied in combination with the soil before planting or colonizing crops, and its main role is to provide good soil conditions and basic nutrient needs for crops. The use and dosage of base fertilizer directly affect the growth and development of crops and the yield and quality. So, how to use base fertilizer correctly?This article will introduce you from the following aspects:
The type of base fertilizer should be selected according to the needs of the crop and the nature of the soil to achieve the best fertilization effect. Generally speaking, the main components of base fertilizer are as follows:
Organic fertilizer。Organic fertilizer refers to the fertilizer decomposed by animals, plants or microorganisms, such as farm fertilizer, compost, green manure, etc. Organic fertilizer is rich in organic matter and a variety of nutrients, which can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, promote crop root growth, and improve crop disease and drought resistance. Organic fertilizer is the main component of base fertilizer, generally accounting for more than 50% of the total amount of base fertilizer.
Nitrogen fertilizer。Nitrogen fertilizer refers to fertilizers that contain nitrogen, such as urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, etc. Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth, which can promote the growth of stems and leaves of crops, increase chlorophyll content, and improve photosynthesis efficiency. Nitrogen fertilizer is an important part of base fertilizer, generally accounting for about 20% of the total amount of base fertilizer.
Phosphate fertilizers。Phosphate fertilizer refers to fertilizers containing phosphorus, such as superphosphate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, etc. Phosphate fertilizer is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth, which can promote the root development of crops, enhance the branching ability of crops, and improve the cold resistance and lodging resistance of crops. Phosphate fertilizer is an important part of base fertilizer, generally accounting for about 15% of the total amount of base fertilizer.
Potash。Potash fertilizer refers to fertilizers that contain potassium, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potash fertilizer, etc. Potassium fertilizer is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth, which can regulate the water balance of crops, enhance the resistance of crops, and improve the quality and yield of crops. Potash fertilizer is an important part of base fertilizer, generally accounting for about 10% of the total amount of base fertilizer.
Micro-fertilizer。Micro fertilizer refers to fertilizer containing trace elements, such as boron, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, molybdenum, etc. Micro-fertilizer is one of the essential nutrients for crop growth, which can participate in a variety of physiological metabolism of crops, regulate the growth and development of crops, and prevent crop deficiency symptoms. Micro fertilizer is an auxiliary component of base fertilizer, which generally accounts for less than 5% of the total amount of base fertilizer.
The amount of base fertilizer should be determined according to the fertility of the soil and the needs of the crop, and should not be too much or too little. In general, the amount of base fertilizer is related to the following factors:
Fertility of the soil。Soil fertility refers to the amount and proportion of nutrients that the soil is able to provide to crops. The fertility of the soil is high, and the amount of base fertilizer can be reduced accordingly;The fertility of the soil is low, and the amount of base fertilizer can be increased accordingly. The fertility of the soil can be judged by soil tests or the experience of farmers.
demand for crops。The demand of crops refers to the amount and proportion of nutrients required by crops during growth and development. Different crops have different requirements for nutrients, and in general, stem and leaf crops have higher requirements for nitrogen fertilizers, root crops have higher requirements for phosphate fertilizers, and fruit crops have higher requirements for potassium fertilizers. The needs of the crop can be determined by the nutritional diagnosis of the crop or the guidance of agricultural technicians.
The efficiency of the base fertilizer。The efficiency of the base fertilizer refers to the availability and utilization rate of the base fertilizer in the soil. Different base fertilizers have different efficiency in the soil, in general, organic fertilizers are more efficient, nitrogen fertilizers are less efficient, phosphate and potassium fertilizers are moderately efficient, and micro fertilizers are more efficient. The efficiency of the base fertilizer can be improved by the nature of the fertilizer or the fertilization method.
Considering the above factors, a reasonable amount of base fertilizer can be determined. Generally speaking, the amount of base fertilizer is between 1000 and 2000 kg per mu, and the specific amount can be adjusted according to different crops and soils.
The application method of base fertilizer should be selected according to the root distribution of the crop and the tillage method of the soil to achieve the best fertilization effect. Generally speaking, there are several methods of applying base fertilizer:
Sprinkle。Spreading is the simplest method of applying base fertilizer, which is done by spreading the fertilizer evenly on the surface of the soil and then turning it into the soil with a rake, allowing the fertilizer to mix with the soil. The spreading method is suitable for densely planted crops or crops with a wide distribution of root systems.
Layered fertilization。Stratified fertilization is to apply fertilizer in layers according to the persistence and fast-acting properties, and generally the late-acting fertilizer is mostly applied to the middle and lower part of the soil cultivated layer, and the fast-acting fertilizer is applied to the upper part of the cultivated layer, so as to adapt to the absorption capacity of crop roots in different periods and give full play to the role of fertilizer in increasing yield. The layered fertilization method is suitable for crops with a large amount of fertilizer or crops with deep root distribution.
Full-layer fertilization。Full-layer fertilization is to fully mix the soil after deep ploughing, generally at a depth of about 10 cm, the advantage of this is to reduce the loss of fertilizer, which is conducive to the nutrient absorption of the root system. Full-layer fertilization is suitable for crops with less fertilizer or shallow root distribution.
Strip or acupuncture。Strip or hole application is the application of fertilizer into the trenches or holes of planting or planting, and then covering the soil to allow the fertilizer to come into contact with the root system of the crop. Strip application or hole application is suitable for crops with wide row spacing or crops with concentrated root distribution.
The timing of base fertilizer application should be determined according to the growth cycle of the crop and the moisture of the soil to achieve the best fertilization effect. In general, there are several principles for the timing of base fertilizer application:
Fertilize ahead of time。Advance fertilization refers to the application of base fertilizer at a certain time before planting or planting crops, generally around 10 15 days, the advantage of this is to allow the fertilizer to fully decompose and transform, reduce the loss of fertilizer, increase the effectiveness of fertilizer, and provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of crops. Advance fertilization is suitable for organic fertilizers or late-acting fertilizers.
Fertilize at the same time。Simultaneous fertilization refers to the application of base fertilizer at the same time as planting or planting crops, generally on the same day or the next day, the advantage of this is to let the fertilizer and the crop root system contact in time, increase the utilization rate of fertilizer, and provide timely nutrition for the growth of crops. Simultaneous fertilization is suitable for fast-acting fertilizers or micro-fertilizers.
Top dressing。Top dressing refers to after planting or planting crops, according to the growth of crops, timely supplementation of base fertilizer, generally in the vigorous growth period or critical period of crops, the advantage of this is to match the fertilizer with the needs of crops, increase the effect of fertilizer, and provide adequate nutrition for the growth of crops. Top dressing is suitable for nitrogen or potash.
The above is the content about the correct use of base fertilizer, I hope it will be helpful to you.
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