In the introduction of "Wuji" in the previous section, there are two seemingly contradictory points that I have been hoping for someone to find and bring up, but so far, I have not received any feedback on them.
At the beginning of the Wuji chapter, it is said: The Wuji is the innate state of the universe. Its number is 0, and its image is none. Here's a description of the number "0". At the end of the infinite chapter, there is another description related to number: it is "one".
So, let's talk about the number "0" earlier. Later, it is said that it is "one". From the point of view of "number", these two places are obviously contradictory. So, why do two seemingly contradictory numbers appear at the front and the end, this question will lead to a big issue, that is, the difference between the two modes of thinking of "China" and "West".
When it comes to the history of Western thought, we must mention a person, who is recognized as the first person in the history of Western philosophy, and this person is the ancient Greek philosopher, Thales, who raised the ultimate question of "what is the origin of the world", and led the history of Western thought to "ontology". It can be said that the ultimate goal of human thought and philosophy is nothing more than to understand what the nature of this world is.
However, in the process of the development of Western intellectual history and the history of philosophy, the object of study has been "conceptually abstracted". This process has gone through two steps of "stripping": first, Western thought has stripped "man" from the world of phenomena, and the world has become the "object" and "I" has become the subject. As the subject, the "I" is independent of the phenomenal world to observe and study the object of the world. This is the first step. In the second step, Western philosophy also separates the similar features obtained from the phenomenal world, that is, "concepts", from the phenomenal world, for example, mathematics, physics, and chemistry, which are all extracted from the phenomenal world, but their contents exist completely independently of the phenomenal world, forming "abstract concepts" rather than "concrete concepts". For example, the number 1234 comes from a quantitative observation of the phenomenal world, but it is completely independent of the phenomenal world, and when we say "1", it has nothing to do with anything concrete. Thus, on the basis of the two "separations" of Western thought, the so-called "logic" was born. The most important feature of logic is that it can abstract "concepts" and study the "phenomenal world" independently of the phenomenal world. We have every reason to believe that the word "logic" is the most fundamental orientation for the development of Western ideology and culture. This fundamental orientation is vividly reflected in our study of the world today, the so-called "scientific attitude".
Since the so-called science of mankind is based on "logic", let's see what "logic" is. To understand what "logic" is, one need only look at traditional computer principles. Enter the conditions first, then follow the established steps to execute them, and finally output the result. The so-called "logic", to put it simply, is that 1 plus 1 equals 2. It's as simple as that. Can 1 plus 1 equal 1, can it equal 3?No, because 1 plus 1 equals 2, it can only be equal to 2. However, in the actual world of phenomena, does 1 plus 1 necessarily equal 2?
Therefore, the "logic" advocated by our science is black and white, and it embodies "inevitability". In logic, there is no "accident", there is no exception, there is no "indeterminacy", and under the care of "logic", everything happens according to the predetermined order, without exception. Under the care of "logic", all the outcomes of the world can be accurately grasped and determined, without exception.
We can summarize it in one sentence, logic and the inevitability of its generation, which is the lowest level of system operation structure of Western thought.
Under this underlying structure, the "logical machine" of Western humanities has also been created. In English, yes or no, which corresponds to the concrete world of phenomena, accurately represents the two outcomes of "affirmation" and "negation". There are no exceptions. So, when a foreigner responds "yes" or "no" to your point of view, we know with certainty that the phenomenal world behind the answer corresponds. If he wants to say "yes", he means "agree" with the fact of the phenomenon. On the contrary, if he says "no", it means that he is "opposing" in the fact that the objective phenomenon occurs.
Let's take a look at our "Chinese" thinking. The core idea of Chinese civilization is the "holistic view", and we will never study and understand the world in isolation. We have never separated the concept of "man" or "me" from the phenomenal world, we have always talked about "the unity of heaven and man", man and all things in the world are one, and man is only a member of the phenomenal world that makes up the whole.
The yin-yang dialectical system dominated by the Book of Changes is the underlying structure of our Chinese thinking system. In this framework of thinking, we are talking about the unity of opposites. Yin and Yang are opposites, such as light and dark, up and down, life and death, front and back, inside and outside, big and small, hot and cold, etc., which are completely opposite and contradictory. However, yin and yang are one, and no one can do without anyone. There must be high and low, and low must be high. There must be big and small, and there must be big and small. There must be a top, and there must be a bottom, and there must be an up. No big is not small, no high is not low, no life is not death, no inner is unspeakable, no darkness is no light. At the same time, yin and yang are manifested as sympathetic mutual possession, with yin in yang and yang in yin. The hands are yang and the feet are yin, the palms are yin relative to the back of the hands, and the right side of the palms is yang to the left side. In a year, from the winter solstice to the summer solstice, the yang energy gradually grows, the yin energy gradually disappears, and the yang heat inhibits the yin and cold air, so the climate gradually becomes hotter. From the summer solstice to the winter solstice, the yin energy grows and the yang energy gradually disappears, and the cold yin inhibits the yang heat, so the climate gradually turns colder. During the day, from midnight to noon, the yang grows and the yin disappears, the yang energy restricts the yin energy, and the temperature gradually rises. From noon to child, yin grows and yang disappears, yin restricts yang, and the temperature gradually drops. Yin and yang, with the change of time and space, are constantly in the process of growth and retreat. Yin and yang are mutually restricted, so that this change maintains a dynamic balance and a relative state of stability. Yin and yang are still mutually beneficial, the anode gives birth to yin, and the cathode gives birth to yang. The topmost line in the I Ching Hexagram is called Shangjiu. The rhetoric is. On the ninth, Kang Long has regrets. What does that mean?The six pillars are all pure yang, and the upper nine are the image of the anode, and the pole of things must be reversed, and the profit will not last long. Confucius said: "The noble but the noble, the high and the peopleless, the sage is under and has no assistance, it is to move and have regrets." "Lao Tzu" cloud: "The way of heaven is to make up for the deficiency when there is more loss." It is the image of the mutual birth and transformation of yin and yang. Winter goes to spring, old age dies and young life, and like a very weak person, he will get angry. The transformation of yin and yang is the basic law of the movement and change of the universe.
The dialectical thinking system dominated by yin and yang is the harmonious unity of contradictions, which contains both "inevitability" and "contingency". For example, the Chinese talk about "fate", what is "fate", fate, is the unity of necessity and chance. You can see my **, it is because you follow me, or you follow this type of topic, and the system pushes it to you. It's an inevitability. However, there are a lot of people who pay attention to this kind of topic, and there are a lot of people who post this kind of **, why is it you and me, these two individuals have a connection, which also includes randomness, because the system push is not an inevitable and certain result. Others are also interested in this type of topic, so why didn't he brush me?A lot of people post the same type of **, why didn't you brush him?
Therefore, the thinking system of Chinese civilization is based on the wholeness, dominated by the dialectical thinking of yin and yang, and the study of the world with a dynamic concept of development. This is in line with the objective fact of the natural evolution of the universe. In the previous chapter on "Wuji", it was clearly pointed out that there is no "absolute static" in the world, and our human observation of nature is based on "assumed static". Therefore, the core thinking structure of Chinese civilization is completely in line with the essence of the phenomenal world. The certainty of the logical stipulation in Western thinking is not the truth of the world, the truth of the world is always the necessity contains the accident, and the accident contains the necessity, which is the unity of necessity and contingency.
Let's go back to the original question, why when talking about Wuji, we use "its number 0" and "it is one" respectively, and the use of "0" is the result of abstract thinking, because from the perspective of the material world, there is no matter, that is, the number "0" in a purely mathematical concept. However, in terms of the nature of the phenomenal world, although the Qi that constitutes the origin of the universe is not observable, it is not "emptiness" in the absolute sense, and the totality of Qi is a real "existence" rather than a "non-existence" in philosophy. Everything always has a source, and that source is the "Qi" of the whole, and from the perspective of numbers, it is "one", because one is the whole, and there is no difference.
Starting from the underlying thinking structure, we can fully understand why we should have cultural self-confidence, why Chinese civilization will be revived, and why only Chinese civilization can achieve world harmony, because this is determined by the lowest system architecture. Thinking determines cognition and behavior, and if thinking runs on a faulty or not "exact" system architecture, do we expect it to produce correct cognition?
The systematic architecture of the thinking of the Chinese civilization determines that the Chinese civilization is the origin civilization of the universe, and only under the guidance of the Chinese civilization can mankind move towards a better tomorrow.
Transform into an anime character