Mochi Construction Underwater Pipeline Installation Technology.
1. Overview. Underwater pipeline installation technology refers to an engineering technique for laying pipelines on the seabed or riverbed. This technology is widely used in oil, natural gas, underwater power transmission, urban water supply and other fields, and is an important part of marine engineering. The installation of underwater pipelines has high technical requirements, and it is necessary to solve complex underwater environmental problems, such as water currents, seabed topography, meteorological conditions, etc. Therefore, understanding the basic principles and methods of underwater pipeline installation technology is of great significance for the development of the field of marine engineering.
2. Classification of underwater pipeline installation technology.
Underwater pipeline installation technology can be divided into various types according to different water depth and terrain conditions. Among them, the most common are the floating drag method and the sinking bottom method.
1.Float towing method.
The floating towing method refers to connecting the pipeline section by section at sea, and then hauling the entire pipeline to the specified location. The advantage of this method is that it can be applied to different water depths and terrain conditions, and the construction difficulty is relatively low. However, in deep water or complex terrain conditions, the floating towing method requires the use of large pontoons and tugboats, and the construction cost is high.
2.Sinking method.
The sinking method refers to laying the foundation of a pipeline on the seabed, and then placing the pipeline on the foundation and fixing the pipeline to the seabed with materials such as sand or cement. The advantage of this method is that it is fast to construct and is suitable for deep water and difficult terrain conditions. However, the subsidence method needs to solve the problems of seabed foundation design and construction, and the construction is difficult.
3. Technical process of underwater pipeline installation.
The process of underwater pipeline installation technology generally includes the following steps:
1.Survey and design.
Before the installation of underwater pipelines, it is necessary to investigate the seabed topography, water depth, water flow and other conditions, and formulate pipeline design and construction plans according to the survey results. Among them, the pipeline design needs to consider factors such as pipeline materials, specifications, and anti-corrosion measures, and the construction plan needs to consider factors such as construction equipment, personnel, and safety measures.
2.Preparation for construction.
After the pipeline design and construction plan are determined, construction preparation work needs to be carried out. It mainly includes material procurement, equipment commissioning, ship preparation, personnel training, etc. Among them, material procurement needs to choose pipeline materials and anti-corrosion materials suitable for the subsea environment;Equipment commissioning needs to check the operation status of various construction equipment;Vessel preparation requires the selection of vessels and offshore positioning systems suitable for offshore construction;Personnel training requires the selection of experienced construction personnel and safety personnel.
3.Offshore construction.
Offshore construction is a core part of underwater pipeline installation technology. During offshore construction, a series of measures need to be taken to ensure the quality and safety of construction. For example, professional joining tools and techniques are required in the pipe joining process;Equipment such as tugboats and pontoons are required in the pipeline floating towing process;During the sinking process of the pipeline, materials such as sand or cement are used to hold the pipeline to the seabed. In addition, real-time monitoring and documentation are required during offshore construction to ensure construction quality and safety.
4.Post-maintenance and management.
After the installation of the underwater pipeline is completed, it needs to be maintained and managed in the later stage. It mainly includes regular inspection, maintenance and replacement. Among them, regular inspection requires the use of acoustic wave detection and other technologies to inspect the pipeline;Repairs and replacements require the repair or replacement of damaged pipes. In addition, it is also necessary to establish a sound management system and management system to ensure the normal operation and service life of underwater pipelines.
IV. Conclusions. Underwater pipeline installation technology is an important part of marine engineering. When installing underwater pipelines, it is necessary to select appropriate installation methods and technical processes according to different water depth and terrain conditions, and take a series of measures to ensure the quality and safety of construction. In addition, post-maintenance and management are also required to ensure the normal operation and service life of the underwater pipeline.