The business card of the college
In the third year of Song Baoqing (1227), the people of Songxi County built Zhanlu Academy at the site of the "Yin Room" (Zhanlu Jingshe) where Zhu Xi studied and lectured in Zhanlu Mountain. In the sixteenth year of Yuan Zhizheng (1356), the academy moved to the Wengong Temple in the city, and in the twenty-second year of Zheng, the imperial court gave the amount and was still named Zhanlu Academy. In the thirteenth year of Ming orthodoxy (1448), it was destroyed by military disasters, and then it was repeatedly built and destroyed. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing (1536), it was relocated to the site of the foothills of Zhanlu Mountain, and rebuilt in the twenty-second year of Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1683). In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), the Shibi Temple in the south of the city was changed to a academy, which was also named after Zhanlu Academy, and coexisted with Zhanlu Foothill Academy. At the end of Daoguang, the foothill academy was abandoned. The Zhanlu Academy in the city was abandoned in the late Qing Dynasty, **18 years (1929), and its site was used as the building of Zhanlu Junior High School.
Zhanlu Mountain Gate.
Most of the directors of the academy are famous Confucians. The head of the mountain in the Yuan Dynasty was Yang Ying, the seventh grandson of Yang Shi, and then Luo Wenliang and Yang Dong, Jiangnan Jinshi of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Rang of Lianjiang Jinshi, and Chen Zuqian, Changle Jinshi, etc. College students are divided into regular students (monthly courses) and secondary (attached) students (regular classes) according to their examination results. The primary homework of the academy is Zhu Xi's "Notes on the Collection of Four Books" and trial poems, and there are also other guided courses such as "University Yanyi" and "Zhu Ziquanshu", literary and artistic courses such as "Authentic Articles" and "Imperial Poems", and historical theory courses such as "Recital of Famous Ministers of the Past Dynasties". Zhanlu Academy has always had a school field to subsidize students, which is called the anointing fee. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there were 20 people who were born in the anointing fire, including 14 students and 6 children.
Zhu Xi, a famous physicist, thinker, philosopher, educator, poet, and representative of the Min school in the Southern Song Dynasty, participated in the establishment or lecture of many academies, but the Zhanlu Academy, which was built in Zhanlu Mountain, a provincial-level natural scenic spot in Songxi County, is little known.
Zhanlu Mountain is 1230 meters above sea level and is located 10 kilometers south of Songxi County. The trees on the mountain are verdant, the clear spring is endless, and the clouds are steaming all year round. The mountains are steep, the strange stones are listed, and the scenery is beautiful. Zhanlu Academy was originally built under the Jianfeng of Zhanlu Mountain. Located in the remote mountain, Zhanlu Academy retains a heavy history and culture, which has a deep relationship with Zhu Xi, a famous educator and physicist in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhanlu Mountain overlooks.
Zhu Xi (1130-1200 AD) was a native of Wuyuan, Huizhou (now Jiangxi), an overseas Chinese living in Jianyang, and an official to Huanzhang to revise and wait for the system. He paid extensive attention to classics throughout his life, and made certain contributions to classics, history, literature, music and law, and even natural science, especially his science has always become a theoretical tool for the feudal landlord class to rule the people, and was mentioned in the Ming and Qing dynasties Confucianism is the authentic status.
In the spring of 1151 A.D., the Southern Song Dynasty court held a test in order to award officials. 22-year-old Zhu Xi participated in the examination with enthusiasm for serving the country, was awarded the official of Zuo Di Gonglang, and was appointed to Tong'an County as the chief bookkeeper. Di Gonglang is the lowest level of the thirty-seventh rank of civil officials, and the position of chief bookkeeper granted is only a false name, and the vacancy can only be filled after the current Tong'an master bookkeeper has completed three years. Zhu Xi's initial ambition was not extended, and he couldn't help but feel melancholy. On the way back, Zhu Xi deliberately went to Zhenghe County to sweep the tomb of his grandfather Zhu Sen, and when he passed through Zhanlu Mountain, he climbed this famous mountain where Ouyezi cast and sacrificed to become "the first sword in the world".
Inscription on Zhanlu Mountain.
Zhu Xi's life, the career was bumpy, and then he gave up the official lecture, all the famous mountains and rivers, strange peaks and scenic places, all of them were on the board, and its purpose was not to visit the mountains and rivers, but to "use the world to see and hear, to collect writings". And Zhan Lu is famous for Ou Yezi's sword casting between Fujian and Yue. Such a good place must also have a great attraction to Zhu Xi. In the days away from the court, Zhu Xi placed his affection on Zhanlu Mountain, chose the site under the Jianfeng, built an apartment, and signed the "Yin Room", so that he could settle down to study and do learning, and lecture and teach apprentices, so as to relieve the depression during the waiting period. The former site of "Yin Room", leaning on the foothills of Zhanlu Mountain in the south, is on the verge of the beauty of Xingxi. Zhu Xi lectured and taught apprentices in Zhanlu Mountain, and scholars from near and far came one after another when they heard the news, making the secluded place of the forest lush into an area for string recitation. Zhu Xi struggled in Zhanlu Mountain until the first month of the twenty-third year of Shaoxing (1153), when he was 24 years old, before he left Zhanlu Mountain and rushed to Tong'an to take up his post. The late Li Hanyang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Songxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, once recalled that when he was young, he traveled to Zhanlu Mountain, and there was a stone tablet at the site of the original "Yin Room", which was called "Zhuzi Reading Office". There is also a stone plaque embedded on the top of the door of Zhanlu Academy, engraved with Zhu Xi's handwriting of "calm the mind and nourish the qi" four big characters, but unfortunately now all of them are submerged in the barren mountains.
Eight years after Zhu Xi's death, in the first year of Jiading (1208), Zhu Xi was given an edict to show his grace and his works were listed as official textbooks. In 1227 A.D., Zhao Yun of Song Lizong posthumously awarded him the title of "Duke of Xinguo, Duke of Huiguo", and enshrined in the temple court of Confucius with Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and other gods. Since then, Zhu Xi's name has spread far and wide, the world advocates his way, respects his books, and all the places where Zhu Xi traveled and lectured during his lifetime have been built into academies, and Zhanlu Academy has also been built in accordance with the trend.
Zhu Xi read and lectured at the site of the "Yin Room", where the descendants built the Zhanlu Academy.
Zhanlu Academy is the earliest academy in northern Fujian Academy by Zhu Xi "Yin Room" to build a college, after the completion of Zhanlu Academy, by the local ** attention, but also by the emperor's praise, the last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty Emperor Yuan Huizong, in the twenty-third year of Zhizheng (1363) royal gift "Zhanlu Academy" plaque, to commemorate Zhu Xi, thus making Zhanlu Academy for the world's attention.
Although the building scale of Zhanlu Academy is not as large as that of Bailudong Academy, there are pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions and other buildings, but it is also quite large-scale as a college. According to relevant records, the academy stands like a temple under the sword peak, and the layout of the courtyard is also very solemn. In the middle of the hall is the statue of Zhu Xi, and the two sides are equipped with Huang Zhen, Cai Shen, Liu Zihui, and Zhendexiu The four major Confucians of the Southern Song Dynasty. The hall of the college is a lecture hall, the side room is a student dormitory, and the college courses are taught to learn from Lian, Luo, Guan and Fujian. At that time, Zhanlu Academy also had farmland to collect rent, which was used as a school fund and a meal for students. Since then, Zhanlu Academy has been famous in all directions, and scholars from far and near have gathered, not only cultivating talents, but also making Cheng Zhuzhi's learning spread all over the world. The ancients once described the grand occasion of students studying hard at the Zhanlu Academy at that time to learn Xi and spread the ancient civilization, saying that the Zhanlu Academy "is a place of Tibetan cultivation, and they often hold their knees and chant." Sometimes I play the moon at the top of the peak, sometimes I play the piano at the mouth of the drum hole, sometimes I lean on the bamboo in front of the eaves, and sometimes I listen to the birds outside the window. The light of the Beidou is shot, a lamp is frequently lit, the mountain is good at the beauty of the southern sky, and Vientiane is full of minds. ”
A stone monument was erected on Zhanlu Mountain to introduce Zhanlu Academy.
From the Song Dynasty to the present, Zhanlu Academy has gone through six dynasties, up and down for more than 700 years. Whenever a famous teacher presides over the teaching, the college is very prosperous. In the fourth year of Yuan Zhishun, Yang Ying served as the head of Zhanlu Mountain (that is, the dean of the academy), and scholars came one after another, and seekers waited side by side.
In the sixteenth year of Yuan Zhizheng (1356 AD), because the magistrate at that time was at the beginning of each month.
On the first and fifteenth day, they had to go to Zhanlu Mountain to worship Zhuzi, and it was inconvenient to go back and forth, so they moved the academy to the right of the county in the city, and asked the imperial court to give the amount of "Zhanlu Academy", so there was a plaque given by Emperor Yuan Huizong. At this time, the foothill academy was changed to a monk's house, called the "lower ancestral hall".
Zhanlu Academy in the Ming and Qing dynasties after several rise and fall, sometimes in the mountain to run academies, sometimes in the city to set up academies. In the thirteenth year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty (1748), Pan Rucheng, the county magistrate, was eager to learn and respect Confucianism, revitalized culture and education, and decided to keep the Zhanlu Academy in Zhanlu Mountain, so that the good Jing scholars could further their studies there. At the same time, the academy in the county seat was restored, so that the children at home could attend school nearby, so the "lower ancestral hall" at the foot of Zhanlu Mountain was first restored to "Zhanlu Academy". The Shibi Temple in the south of the city was changed to the "Zhanlu Academy" in the city (that is, Xuexiang, now the site of Songxi No. 1 Middle School).
Zhanlu Mountain Temple Gate large incense burner.
Zhanlu Academy has cultivated a large number of famous scholars or eunuchs in the past dynasties. As far as the Song and Ming dynasties are concerned, Songxi County has produced 25 jinshi, and in the eighteenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Li Jun, Jiang Guan, Yi Liang and other three jinshi on the same list. In the thirty-second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Wei Jun and Zhenxian of Songxi County were on the Jinshi list. During the Ming Dynasty, the total population of Songxi was just over 35,000. However, according to incomplete statistics, there were 51 people from Songxi in the three generations of the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and 345 tributes from the Zijian of the Beijing Division. Among them, 19 people were appointed as county governors, 5 governors, and 10 county governors in the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were 355 Songxi people who were officials all over the country. In addition, Songxi's literary style is prosperous, talents are numerous, and many people with lofty ideals have emerged, the Song Dynasty has the upright and honest minister Wu Zhizhong, the Southern Song Dynasty has the anti-gold escort minister Chen Jian, the Ming Dynasty has the Zhenxian with outstanding political achievements, the righteous Zhang De and Chen Chun who sacrificed themselves to resist the Japanese, and Wei Jun, who is known as the "Hundred Cantonese Wenzong", wrote eleven books, including the study of the "Yi" study masterpiece "Yiyi Ancient Xiangtong", which was included in the "Siku Quanshu". In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Zhanlu Academy was still very prosperous, but it gradually drowned in the barren grass and rocks.
Receipts of land rent for the running expenses of Zhanlu Academy and the food expenses of students during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.
Now, Songxi County has widened the road from the county seat to Zhanlu Mountain, and the next step is to rebuild Zhanlu Academy on the site of Zhu Xi's "Yin Room" (that is, Zhanlu Academy) for future generations to pay homage to the historical sites of the Academy, and also plan to gradually restore several rural academies such as Dabu Renze Academy. In March this year, Songxi County has set up a research team for the excavation and promotion of Zhanlu culture, and signed a joint research agreement with the expert team of Fujian Normal University, mainly to collect, sort out and compile the relevant literature and materials of Zhanlu culture into a book, forming a clear "Zhanlu culture" system. Songxi County will inherit and carry forward the Zhanlu culture, deeply excavate the unique cultural resources of the Zhanlu culture, and continue to innovate while inheriting the Zhanlu culture, so as to form a cultural form with regional characteristicsPromote the in-depth integration and development of culture and tourism, rely on the natural features of Zhanlu Mountain, form new services and new formats of cultural tourism, extend the industrial chain, and make every effort to create new tourism consumption scenarios and improve economic benefits.
This edition**are all information** Courtesy of Wei Nongwen).