"Haiwei No. 2" and other breeding equipment drive the development of marine ranches to intelligence and safety. Photo by Yang Chuan.
Rural revitalization.
Through innovative technology and management models, marine ranching combines marine fisheries with modern agricultural concepts. As a sustainable mode of marine aquatic product production, deep-sea aquaculture has achieved the efficient use of natural resources and the sustainable development of the agricultural industry.
Tens of millions of yuan have been invested in deep-sea aquaculture equipment, and technical research problems in major key links such as seed breeding, disease prevention and control, feed research and development, and fresh-keeping processing have to be faced, which puts forward higher requirements for fishermen's technical level and management ability. It is not easy to protect the freshness from the deep sea to the table. But it is precisely because of this that fishermen have moved from traditional fishing to modern fishery, which not only increases income, but also brings benefits to rural revitalization. In this issue, we walk into Zhanjiang Leizhou Marine Ranch.
At the end of December, the winter fishing of golden pomfret in the marine ranch of Leizhou Peninsula is coming to an end. At the wharf of Liusha Village, Leizhou, Zhanjiang, before dawn in the early morning, the breeding workers have set off to the deep-sea cage breeding area.
Lifting the net, entering the cabin, adding ice ......Generally speaking, at about 8 o'clock in the morning, workers can collect 70,000-80,000 catties of golden pomfret in a cage. Some of these fish are sent to other places, some are frozen in cold storage, and some are used for processing prepared dishes.
Marine ranching is connected to the livelihood of farmers and the dining table of consumers. In the past 40 years, Leizhou aquaculture has moved from offshore to far sea, and has put into production 1,062 gravity deep-water cages and 2 semi-submersible truss intelligent aquaculture platforms, injecting "blue power" into rural revitalization. As a major aquatic city, how can Leizhou open up the links of marine ranch seedling, breeding, circulation, and processing to ensure that the amount of seafood on the table is sufficient and the price is stable?
Southern ** reporter Lin Lu.
High-quality seedlings come first.
The quality of shrimp fry is the basis of aquaculture, which directly affects the effect of aquaculture. How can shrimp seedlings thrive?
Deep cultivation of the "blue granary", as the "chip" seedlings is the key. In the aquatic industry, if you want to raise good fish and shrimp, you need to control every detail from the fertilized egg.
In the past, Leizhou aquaculture farmers had to go to Hainan, Fujian, Guangxi and other places to buy seedlings, but the distance was long, and the quality could not be guaranteed. Seven or eight years ago, with the gradual expansion of the scale of breeding, the local seed industry in Leizhou came into being from scratch.
Taking Penaeus vannamei shrimp as an example, a shrimp that looks ordinary has a difficult path to grow up behind it. The life of Penaeus vannamei shrimp has to go through several processes of hatching, seedling, coarseness and breeding. Whether shrimp seedlings can thrive depends on whether the water source is clean, whether the feeding method is appropriate, and whether the temperature and salinity are well controlled.
Guangdong Haiwei Agricultural Group *** hereinafter referred to as "Haiwei Group") is the first batch of enterprises in Leizhou to develop aquatic seedlings, and has encountered difficulties at the beginning.
At the beginning, the seawater filtration system was not perfect, resulting in an unstable production process, and the shrimp seedlings produced were good and bad. Wu Zuxue, head of the Jijia base of Haiwei Group, said, "Later, we added ultrafiltration machines and other equipment, and set up 9 layers of filtration to filter out impurities in seawater." "In order to avoid pollution, the water inlet system, air intake system and drainage system are all separated.
Later, Haiwei Group introduced genetic breeding experts, established the Penaeus vannamei Shrimp Breeding Engineering Center, Genome Molecular Shrimp Breeding Platform, and built more than 200 basic groups of Penaeus vannamei shrimp breeding. This year, Academician Lin Haoran Workstation was unveiled in Haiwei Group, focusing on the creation of marine fish germplasm and the cultivation of improved seeds.
At present, there are 10 aquatic seed enterprises registered in Leizhou at the municipal level, including Haiwei Group, C.P. Aquatic Products (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Blue Grain Seed Industry, Leizhou Jiheng Aquaculture Professional Cooperative, etc., and the development of aquatic seed industry is dominated by seawater economic varieties and seedlings.
According to the data of the 2022 Leizhou Fishery Statistical Annual Report, Leizhou produced 26.85 million freshwater fish fry, 42.43 million marine fish fry, 15.2 billion shrimp fry, 122567 10,000 shellfish seeds last year, and the output value of aquatic fry was about 213.86 million yuan, an increase of about 119.74 million yuan year-on-year.
Upper equipment builds platforms.
How to improve the controllability of the aquaculture industry to the deep sea?When a typhoon hits, will there be no harvest?
At the beginning of this year, Guangdong proposed to implement "land-sea relay and shore-sea linkage" to vigorously promote the construction of modern marine ranches with the principle of "sparse near and far, ecological priority". "This year, Zhanjiang City has planned a number of marine ranch project sites, among which Liushawan No. 1 Marine Ranch is located on the west coast of Leizhou, with a planned area of nearly 690 hectares. Liu Xing, a staff member of the Leizhou Agriculture and Rural Bureau, said.
When offshore aquaculture tends to be saturated, advancing to the deep blue has become the only way to build marine ranches. On the one hand, high offshore farming densities pose a high risk;On the other hand, "the bigger the wind and waves, the more expensive the fish", and the fish farmed in the deep sea are delicious and bring higher benefits.
However, deep-sea aquaculture is also risky, and sometimes in the event of a typhoon, most of the year's cultivation may be "fruitless". If you "watch the sky and eat" as before, farmers can often only "look at the ocean and sigh".
How to improve the controllability of deep-sea aquaculture?The answer given by Leizhou is: equipment and platform.
From the traditional cage with wooden frame structure, to the gravity deep-sea cage with a circumference of 30 meters and a circumference of 100 meters, and then to the truss intelligent breeding platform "Haiwei No. 1" and "Haiwei No. 2", the equipment update has driven the development of marine ranches to intelligence and safety.
Thinking of a typhoon three years ago, Liu Ding, chairman of Haiwei Group, is still full of emotion - in 2020, the company's breeding equipment is mainly gravity cages, and a small typhoon hit at that time, causing a loss of more than 10 million yuan to the company. After the typhoon, Liu Ding made a decision to invest in the construction of an intelligent breeding platform in order to reduce the impact of the weather.
In April last year, "Haiwei No. 1" was put into use in Liushawan, becoming the first semi-submersible truss fishery intelligent breeding platform in ZhanjiangIn June this year, the "Haiwei 2" was launched, which is 86 meters long, 32 meters wide and 16 meters high5 meters, the designed aquaculture water body is more than 30,000 cubic meters, and a single breeding cycle can harvest more than 1 million catties of fish, which is the largest offshore intelligent aquaculture platform in Guangdong.
The platform is resistant to 15 typhoons and is equipped with a double-layer net, so even if the typhoon damages one layer of net, there is another net to hold the fish. "When a typhoon comes, 'Haiwei 1' and 'Haiwei 2' can dive down about 1 meter, and at a deeper seabed, it can reduce the impact of the typhoon on the fish in the cages. Liu Ding said.
These two platforms are equipped with intelligent breeding equipment such as automatic feeding and monitoring, which can save 60% of labor costs, provide a comfortable working environment for fishermen, reduce the risk of aquaculture, and further increase the income of fishermen. At present, through the rotation of land-based and offshore fishing rows, deep-sea gravity cages, and deep-sea truss aquaculture platforms, the breeding efficiency of marine ranches has been greatly improved.
Live fish are frozen at low temperature.
For fishermen, how to maximize the umami flavor of fish when they are first caught and landed is a big problem to prevent microbial reproduction.
The residents of the seaside in Guangdong are no strangers to "Yiye Cheng". In the era when the preservation equipment was not developed, fishermen put the freshly caught fish in Chengli and salted it overnight, and then took it out to dry it and store it for consumption the next day. To this day, "One Night Cheng" is still very popular.
Compared with the old and new versions of "Yiyicheng", what has changed is the technology, and what has not changed is the taste. "Our 'overnight Cheng' golden pomfret is salted directly without adding other additives, and dried in a factory way, which is more efficient and cleaner. Lu Zhenxiang, the person in charge of the prefabricated food section of Guangdong Huajing Food, introduced.
Some industry insiders said that in the aquaculture sector, due to the fact that there are almost no drugs in deep-sea aquaculture, seafood generally does not have problems such as drug residues, while in the circulation, processing and other sectors, local enterprises and enterprises have increased investment, innovated technology, and continued to empower the food safety of marine ranches.
In recent years, Guangdong Huajing Food has explored a new type of food processing and freezing technology to directly freeze live fish. The golden pomfret freshly picked up from the sea is quick-frozen from the inside to the outside after the production process of "live fish quick-freezing", and the core temperature of the golden pomfret can reach minus 18 degrees after ten minutes, and the protein structure of the fish will not be damaged.
The growth curve of food microorganisms resembles a cone, and as long as the microorganisms are above or below a certain temperature, the microbial growth rate is getting slower and slower. Lu Zhenxiang said, "Through this technology, we can say what the meat quality of the golden pomfret is when it is landed, and the meat quality of the fish we sell after freezing is also the same." ”
For the finishing of prefabricated dishes, in addition to ensuring the safety of raw materials such as fish and shrimp, enterprises also pay attention to ingredients and conduct regular testing of products. In the process of circulation, the products in need are transported in the whole cold chain to ensure product quality.
Enterprises make efforts, and supervision is also indispensable. It is reported that Leizhou continues to strengthen the supervision and management of aquaculture inputs, actively promote the healthy breeding model, build a perfect breeding monitoring network, and gradually complete the construction of the quality and safety traceability system of agricultural products of the main body of golden pomfret business. In recent years, in the national and provincial aquatic product quality sampling, the quality pass rate of Leizhou golden pomfret has reached 100%.
Planner: Luo Yanjun, Chen Ge, Lin Huanhui.