In the battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao fought for hegemony, and how did the princes of the world deal with it?Except for the-for-tat confrontation between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, what position did the other princes take?
1. Liu Bei: Yuan Shao's assistant?
In the spring of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei, who was originally attached to Cao Cao, turned to support Yuan Shao, killed Xuzhou Assassin Shi Chezhou, and once again stationed troops in Xuzhou. Cao Cao realized Liu Bei's threat and raced against time to defeat Liu Bei and capture Guan Yu. Liu Bei fled to Qingzhou and defected to Yuan Shao on the recommendation of Yuan Tan. Although Liu Bei assisted Yuan Shao, he did not change the direction of the Battle of Guandu. Interestingly, Liu Bei's Guan Yu helped Cao Cao kill Yan Liang, causing Yuan Shao to lose a general.
2. Liu Biao: Liu Bei's ally?
In the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Biao and Zhang Xiu attacked Cao Cao, and the two sides won and lost each other. Subsequently, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao held each other in Guandu, and Zhang Xiu asked Cao Cao to surrender, causing Liu Biao to lose his influence on Nanyang County. Yuan Shao turned to Liu Biao for help, who promised to assist Yuan Shao in dealing with Cao Cao. However, Liu Biao did not actually send troops, but recruited the counties of Yuzhou. Despite the response of the counties, the rebellion was quickly put down without distracting Cao Cao from the rear.
3. Sun Ce: Cao Cao's Potential Threat?
In the fifth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao confronted Yuan Shao, and Sun Ce secretly planned to attack Xu Du to welcome Emperor Xian of Han. Despite his well-planned plans, Sun Ce was unable to go north due to the assassination of Xu Gongmen. Later, Sun Quan, due to internal instability, did not send troops to the Northern Expedition to Cao Cao during the Battle of Guandu.
Fourth, Zhang Xiu: Cao Cao's ally?
In the fourth year of Jian'an, Yuan Shao recruited Zhang Xiu, but under the persuasion of Jia Xu, Zhang Xiu chose to take refuge in Cao Cao. Zhang Xiu participated in the Battle of Guandu and was promoted to the rank of Poqiang general. This choice made him a close ally of Cao Cao.
5. Ma Teng and Han Sui: Maintaining Neutrality
Before the Battle of Guandu, more than a dozen princes in Guanzhong were divided, and Ma Teng and Han Sui were the strongest. Cao Cao sent Zhong Xuan to persuade him to surrender, and although the two surrendered, they did not actually help Cao Cao. In the face of the confrontation between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, it was their wise choice to remain neutral.
6. Zhang Lu, Liu Zhang, Gongsun Du, Shi Xie: Neutral wait-and-see
Zhang Lu, Liu Zhang, Gongsun Du, Shi Xie, and the separatist forces of Hanzhong, Yizhou, Liaodong, and Jiaozhou remained neutral in the Battle of Guandu, because the war situation had little to do with their interests.
In the confrontation of the Battle of Guandu, the princes each based on one side and launched a complex game of power and strategy. Cao Cao skillfully resolved the crisis, and with the help of Liu Bei, Liu Biao and other forces, he finally laid the foundation for the unification of the north. This battle was not only a contest of force, but also an outstanding example of a game of resourcefulness.
The Battle of Guandu was a great battle of strategic depth and political wisdom in Chinese history. The above details the positions taken by the other princes except Yuan Shao and Cao Cao at this critical moment, and the impact of their actions on the overall situation of the war. The choices and actions of these princes reflect the complexity and changeability of the troubled times at that time.
First of all, Liu Bei's choice is thought-provoking. Liu Bei, who was originally attached to Cao Cao, decided to support Yuan Shao after the edict. This kind of change of stance is not uncommon in troubled times, but Liu Bei's choice did not change the tide of the battle. In particular, Guan Yu left Cao Cao to submit to Liu Bei, but later helped Cao Cao kill Yan Liang, which became a bright spot in the entire battle. This shows that in troubled times, individual heroism and family sentiment also determine the direction of history to a certain extent.
Liu Biao's behavior is more of a reflection of political ingenuity. He and Zhang Xiu attacked Cao Cao, but when Cao Cao and Yuan Shao confronted him, he chose to ask Cao Cao to surrender. Liu Biao's decision-making seemed to be prepared for danger in times of peace, but in fact he lost control of Nanyang County and failed to help Yuan Shao in substance. This kind of political trade-off and calculation was common in troubled times, and Liu Biao's choice also reflected the vagaries of local forces for their own interests at that time.
Sun Ce showed his ambition by planning an attack on Xudu. However, due to the assassination and unsuccessful northward journey, it shows the impermanence of the fate of the characters in the troubled times. Although Sun Ce's plan was not realized, it was also a dangerous situation that politicians of that era had to face for the sake of power.
Zhang Xiu's defection to Cao Cao showed his political flexibility. Under Cao Cao's skillful lobbying, Zhang Xiu chose to join Cao Cao, and eventually excelled in the Battle of Guandu, becoming Cao Cao's close ally. This process highlights the importance of political communication in troubled times, and also reflects Zhang Xiu's accurate judgment of her own interests.
Ma Teng and Han Sui's neutral choice shows their wisdom in troubled times. In the face of the confrontation between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, they did not blindly follow, but remained neutral, skillfully avoided the crisis, and protected their own forces.
Finally, the neutral wait-and-see of the separatist forces such as Zhang Lu, Liu Zhang, Gongsun Du, and Shixie reflects their sober analysis of the trend of the Battle of Guandu. In the case that the war situation has little to do with their own interests, choosing to wait and see is also a common strategy among politicians.
Overall, the positions and actions of the princes in the Battle of Guandu constituted an intricate political picture. This war is not only a contest of force, but also a contest of wisdom and strategy. In the troubled times, the choices and behaviors of politicians determined the direction of history to a certain extent, and also left many thought-provoking historical stories.
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