Over the past four centuries, relations between China and Russia have gone through numerous turmoil. From territorial disputes to wars to political games, this history is full of complex emotions and profound lessons. This article will ** this history and offer some reflections.
1. Territorial disputes and the Yellow Russia Plan
The expansionist ambitions of the Russian Empire led to the encroachment on the territories of northern China. Through cross-border migration, disputes, and border re-surveying, Russia not only occupied more than 1.5 million square kilometers of Chinese territory, but also developed the Yellow Russia Plan to include Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and the northeastern provinces of Xinjiang.
2. The plundering of the Tumen River estuary
According to the Treaty of Beijing, the mouth of the Tumen River and the surrounding Hanqi Coast originally belonged to China. However, Russia took advantage of the negligence of the Chinese envoys to unilaterally demarcate the boundary and destroy the boundary pillars, causing China to lose control of the sea. Even in later negotiations, Chinese ships were granted the right to go to sea by passage, but with the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War, this right was again restricted.
3. Gengzi Russian disaster
In 1894, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia ascended the throne, and the Yellow Russia Plan followed. The plan intended to occupy the territory north of the Great Wall, including the three eastern provinces, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. In the process of implementing the plan, Russia carried out a brutal ** against the Chinese in northeastern China, which was called Gengzi Russian martyrdom.
Fourth, the foreign and Eastern Railway incidents
After the Xinhai Revolution, Russia's support for the *** movement led to China's recognition of **'s privileges in Mongolia in the 1915 Sino-Russian-Mongolian Entente. In addition, during the 1929 China Eastern Railway Incident, the Soviet Union sent troops to the northeast and occupied the Black Blind Island, which was not partially returned to China until 2004 when the Sino-Russian border was surveyed.
5. The ups and downs of Sino-Soviet relations
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Sino-Soviet relations improved for a time, but with the divergence of ideological and political interests, the relations between the two countries fell into tension again. The 1969 Zhenbao Island conflict was a sign of the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations, which did not gradually ease until the 80s.
6. Reflections on History
The history between China and Russia is a period full of contradictions and conflicts. Russia's assertiveness and expansionism have always been part of its foreign policy. Although China-Russia relations are now showing benign development in the international situation, the scars of history are still worthy of our deep consideration. We should remember the past, but we should also look to the future and seek the path of peace and cooperation.
By reviewing this period of history, we can not only better understand the complexity of China-Russia relations, but also draw lessons from it to provide reference for the future development of international relations. In dealing with our neighbors, we should remain vigilant and at the same time seek to establish stable cooperative relations based on common interests and mutual respect. In this way, we will be able to avoid a repetition of the mistakes of the past and achieve true peace and prosperity.