It is true that the national policy of the Northern Song Dynasty was to emphasize literature over military force, but due to the rise of Western Xia, the Northern Song Dynasty has always faced external problems. In the war against the Western Xia, the shortcomings of the military system of the Northern Song Dynasty began to be exposed. Fan Zhongyan took the lead in reforming the military system in Shaanxi, and the command of military generals began to have a certain degree of flexibility. During the Song Renzong period, a number of famous generals such as Di Qing and Chong Shiheng were born. The Northern Song Dynasty and Western Xia lasted for nearly a hundred years of war, and the Shaanxi battlefield became a place for military generals.
The rise of the Jin State at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the tragic lesson of the Jingkang Revolution made the Song Dynasty scholars and emperors realize that the original military system could not resist the wolf-like Jin people at all, and it must be changed. Some ministers suggested that the system of feudal towns should be adopted to increase the autonomy of local governors and military commanders.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, every time the Jin soldiers arrived, they could conquer the city in just a few days. The local ** either abandoned the city and fled, or opened the door to surrender to the Jin people. The reason is that the local ** does not have enough money and elite soldiers to compete with the Jin soldiers. In view of this, the minister suggested that magistrates should be allowed to adapt to their own needs, and that they should be given the power to finance, appoint and dismiss, and transfer troops.
In the first year of Jianyan (1127), Li Gang requested to set up a feudal town on Hebei Road, and set up 19 marshal's mansions along the Huai and Yanjiang areas, a total of 19 roads. In fact, in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wenchen was unable to balance the generals, and the power of the generals began to rise. Why did the Southern Song Dynasty military generals rise?First of all, we must understand the situation in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The situation in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou's primary problem was how to gain a firm foothold in the south of the Yangtze River. The Jin State supported Liu Yu to establish the puppet Qi, and Liu Yu occupied Henan and Shaanxi, with more than 100,000 troops. Liu Yu often invaded the Southern Song Dynasty and recruited Southern Song generals.
There were also more than 20 wandering gangs in the Southern Song Dynasty that were not under the jurisdiction of the Southern Song Dynasty, the most famous of which were Li Cheng, Zhang Yong, Cao Cheng, and Kong Yanzhou. There are more than 100,000 wanderers and tens of thousands.
Zhu Shengfei once said that there were three major disasters in the Southern Song Dynasty: the Jin people, the "thieves", and the wandering criminals. These rogues burned and looted everywhere, slaughtered the city after they captured it, and forced the people to become the wanderers. When the Youkou could not defeat the Southern Song Dynasty army, they surrendered and accepted Zhao'an, and when they encountered an opportunity, they would rebel and surrender to the puppet Qi and Jin countries.
There were also many popular uprisings in various places, such as the Zhongxiang and Yang Qi uprisings in Dongting Lake, with as many as 100,000 people. In the third year of Jianyan (1129), a popular uprising led by Wang Zongshi broke out in Guixi and Yiyang, and the number of people led by Wang Zongshi was as many as 200,000. Fujian Fan Yun also has as many as 100,000 militia members.
In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin Kingdom once pursued Zhao Gou everywhere, and he had to flee to the sea to hide. The mountain is high and the emperor is far away, and it is also difficult to convey the news. The Southern Song regime's control over local officials and generals was greatly weakened. The Southern Song Dynasty regime also relied on generals like Yue Fei, and only by giving the generals more power could they exert their abilities and help Song Gaozong to suppress the puppet Qi, Youkou, and the people's rebellion.
In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the military generals were elevated.
Fan Zongyin, the prime minister of the fourth year of Jianyan, suggested that Gyeonggi, Huainan, Hubei, and Jingxi should set up pacification envoys, and in addition to tea and salt, which were taxed by the state, local tax generals could use them. Generals can also appoint state and county officials on their own**. Yue Fei was appointed as the envoy of Tongtai Town. The pacification envoy has financial and personnel appointments and dismissals, and military powers. The magistrates are also under the jurisdiction of the magistrates, and the commanders of the prefecture and county armies can be transferred and commanded at will.
In addition, senior generals such as Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Liu Guangshi, and Zhang Jun also served as envoys and envoys. The jurisdiction controlled by the envoy and the envoy was very large, and he was the supreme governor of the locality, with financial and personnel appointments and dismissals, and military powers. In this way, the generals can freely dispatch the army, and the generals will go to the soldiers to go to the army, and the situation of "soldiers who don't know generals, generals who don't know soldiers" in the past has been changed. The combat effectiveness of the army increases quickly, and the soldiers have more opportunities to improve. On the other hand, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun, and Liu Guangshi's power was too great, and Song Gaozong intended to promote Yue Fei to compete with them.
In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were external troubles, and the Southern Song Dynasty regime had to increase the power of military generals. The so-called heroes emerge in troubled times, and generals like Yue Fei also have the opportunity to display their abilities. It is precisely because the military generals have financial power and military power that the Southern Song Dynasty can establish a country in Jiangnan to resist the invasion of the Jin people. One person cheers for the graduate school entrance examination