During the initial loading of the member, the resistance increases linearly with the ideal deflection until the rebar yield is reached
As the member continues to flex and all the reinforcement yields, the resistance no longer increases with the increase of deflection, but remains constant
During the yield phase, the compressed concrete is crushed at a deflection equivalent to the 2o support corner;
For reinforced concrete members without shear reinforcement, the crushing of the concrete leads to the failure of the components;
For reinforced concrete members with shear reinforcement (single-limb stirrups or tension bars), the shear reinforcement appropriately pulls the bending reinforcement, and the concrete crushing results in a slight reduction in the bearing capacity because the pressure is transferred to the compression reinforcement;
As the member is further deflected, the reinforcement enters the hardening stage, and the resistance increases with the increase of deformation;
The single-limb stirrups can restrain the compression reinforcement in a short time after the reinforcement enters the strain hardening stage, and when the bearing angle is 40, the component loses its structural integrity and is destroyed
Concrete members with single-limb stirrups).
The tension bar can constrain the reinforcement in the whole strain hardening stage through its analysis frame action, until the reinforcement is pulled out when the bearing angle is about 120;
Concrete elements with tension reinforcements).
Concrete or concrete combined with shear reinforcement must provide sufficient shear resistance in order to exert the bending capacity of the member, and if the bending capacity exceeds the shear resistance of the member, sudden shear failure can occur at any point during the bending response.