The mantle is a layer of the earth's interior from the crust to the core, and it is a very important part of the earth's interior, which has a crucial impact on the stability of the earth and geological activities.
The thickness of the Earth's mantle is about 2,850 kilometers, which occupies 82 percent of the Earth's total volume3% and 67 percent of the total mass8%, the composition and distribution of its internal materials have an important impact on the evolution of the earth and the movement of the earth's crust.
The Earth's mantle is mainly composed of elements such as silicon, oxygen, magnesium, iron, aluminum, calcium, etc., which make up most of the Earth's components, such as rocks, crust, and core. The density of the Earth's mantle is the largest of any rock, with an average density of 43 grams, much heavier than rock, which also allows the mantle to form a stable structure in the Earth's interior and has an impact on the physical and chemical properties of the Earth.
The earth's mantle is mainly composed of rocks and molten material between rocks, among which the molten material mainly includes rocks such as peridotite, pyroxene and dolerite, which contain large amounts of metallic elements such as iron and nickel, which have an impact on the magnetic properties of the earth.
Among them, peridotite has the highest content, accounting for more than 95% of the mantle, followed by pyroxene, accounting for about 3% of the mantle, and finally dolerite, accounting for about 2% of the mantle. Peridotite and pyroxene rocks in the earth's mantle are mainly composed of silicate materials, while dolerite is mainly composed of olivine and garnet, and the composition and distribution of these materials have an important impact on the type of rock and the evolution of the earth.
The upper mantle is mainly composed of ultramafic rocks with an average density of 3At 8 grams per cubic centimeter, matter exists in a plastic state of objects, and the composition and distribution of these substances have an important impact on the tectonic movement of the earth.
The lower mantle is mainly composed of rocks and solid materials with a higher density, with an average density of 57 grams, these substances contain a high iron content, and the composition and distribution of these substances have an important impact on the earth's geothermal and geomagnetic fields. In the mantle, the density and wave velocity of the material will gradually increase with the increase of depth, which also makes the material in the mantle have a certain plasticity and fluidity, which will have an impact on the evolution and geological activities of the earth.
The temperature of the earth's mantle is as high as 700 to 1300, and the pressure is as high as 1 million atmospheres, which makes the mantle extremely strong and hard, and in the depths of the mantle, there may be molten magma, the presence and movement of these magma have an important impact on the earth's geothermal and volcanic activities.
The Earth's mantle is also affected by factors such as **, geothermal and geomagnetic fields, which can affect the temperature, pressure and composition of matter in the mantle, thus affecting the physical and chemical properties of the mantle, as well as the Earth's geothermal and magnetic fields. The movement and change of materials in the mantle can affect the distribution and evolution of materials in the earth's interior, thus affecting the earth's geological activities.
Due to the very high temperature and pressure of the earth's mantle, there are many minerals and rocks formed under high temperature and high pressure conditions in the mantle, which have an important impact on the evolution and geological activities of the earth. At the same time, the mantle is also one of the main reservoirs of energy in the earth's interior, and many geological activities and phenomena in the earth's interior are related to the mantle, such as **, volcanic eruptions, magmatic activity, etc.
Mantle