At 11 p.m. on September 26, 1955, the entire Zhongnanhai Huairen Hall was brightly lit, and hundreds of staff members were setting up the venue in preparation for the first conferment of titles the next day. Just when everyone was looking forward to this award ceremony, ** sat in the office and frowned. There were two red certificates on the desk of ***, and he picked up the pen and put it down, never making up his mind. Ye Zilong, who served as the confidential secretary of ***, didn't dare to disturb***, so he had to stay outside the door all the time.
Ye Zilong waited until 12 o'clock and didn't see *** any intention of resting, so he gently knocked on the door and went in to remind *** that it was time to sleep, but *** said:"This decision has to be made today, or it will be too late. ”
**。At this time, Ye Zilong saw five golden characters written on the two certificates"Order of Rank".At around 2 a.m., ** finally made up his mind and wrote the number 001 on one of the certificates.
At 5 p.m. on September 27, the marshal award ceremony officially began, and ** personally handed over the marshal rank order to the hands of the top ten marshals. To everyone's surprise, **, who is the head of the top ten marshals, got the order number 004.
This made many people curious about No. 001, but when it was later learned who No. 001 was in the order of rank, everyone was convinced. So who exactly was the Order of Rank 001 given?What is so special about this person?
**The marshal loves soldiers like a son, is the heart of the soldiers of the father, but also the "father of the Red Army" reputation, he fought all his life, looking at the period of New China, many heroes are also unparalleled.
**And**.
In April 1928, ** led the rebel army to Jinggangshan, and successfully joined forces with the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by *** to establish the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, which was later renamed the Red Army. Since 1930, he has served as commander-in-chief of the Red Army and commander-in-chief of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
From 1930 to 1933, he commanded and led the Red Army to win four victories against "encirclement and suppression".
However, the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" ended in failure, but fortunately, the first quickly adjusted the combat strategy and put forward a new operational idea at the Zunyi meeting. Persist in supporting the idea of support, which also enables our party to embark on the right path in this critical period.
In October 1934, due to the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, our army was forced to carry out a 25,000-mile long march. ** Climbed snowy mountains and crossed meadows with the Red Army soldiers, and spent a very difficult time.
On the road of the Long March, he guided the soldiers to overcome great physical and psychological difficulties, and also embodied the will and spirit of our army. After several years of long journeys, the three main forces of the Red Army finally met in northern Shaanxi.
*。In the War of Resistance Against Japan, he fought to the death with the Japanese army, crossed the Yellow River to the east, commanded operations on the front line of resistance against Japan in North China, and also made very important contributions to the opening up of anti-Japanese base areas in North China in the War of Resistance against Japan.
In the winter of 1940, the Nanniwan policy was proposed, which was bound to smash the blockade of the border by the Kuomintang reactionaries and vigorously develop the production movement, so that the soldiers could be self-sufficient and no longer worry about food.
During the years of the Liberation War, he assisted in commanding the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin. After the founding of New China, he served as the commander-in-chief of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. **'s military exploits look at New China, and there are almost no people who can stand shoulder to shoulder with him, so at the 1955 award ceremony, why is the number of ** 004?
When our army decided to draw up the military rank system, it mainly referred to the Soviet military rank system. ** Led the team to consult with Soviet experts, and the final decision was made after several days of discussion.
** It also sets the basic criteria for evaluating military ranks, in addition to the combat merits, but also from other aspects, such as military merits, morality and seniority. Before the award ceremony, the original plan was to set up another generalissimo above the top ten marshals, and there is no doubt that the one who can serve as the generalissimo must be a great leader***
**。However, *** refused after knowing about it, he said:"Your evaluation is already a very difficult and laborious job, and I don't want it as a generalissimo!What's more, let me wear the generalissimo's **, how inconvenient it is to contact the masses!”
** Resolute attitude also played an exemplary role. Because *** immediately said to ***: "You have also worked in the army before, and you should also be rated as a marshal." ”
** shook his head and said:"I don't have to judge, I'm not working in the army now. ”I asked *** and *** again, so do you two still want to evaluate their military ranks?The two shook their heads in unison and said, "No comment, no comment!"”
** looked at *** and the others again, and said humorously: "Do you still want the rank of general?"* said: "I didn't want to be a general when I made a revolution, and I don't need to judge!"”
Zhang Dingcheng and *** also waved their hands and said, "Don't comment, don't comment!."”
** nodded and said: "Then so be it, comrades who work in the local area should not be evaluated for military ranks." ”
So under the leadership of ***, *** and others did not participate in the evaluation of the ranks, and the comrades who worked in the local area did not evaluate the ranks.
**Give** the title.
September 27, 1955 was a very important day in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and two investiture ceremonies were held in Zhongnanhai on this day.
At half past four o'clock in the afternoon, many vehicles were parked in the square of Huairentang, and ** and others got off the cars one after another and walked into the lounge.
Here comes our commander-in-chief!* said loudly. Everyone looked towards the door, only to see ** walking into the lounge, clasping his hands into fists to greet everyone.
* Seeing that everyone stood up, he hurriedly said, "No courtesy!."”
At this time, *** also walked in, and ** was the first to greet him: "Our Vice Chairman Zhou is here!."* Sincerely: "Vice Chairman Zhou should also be awarded the title!."”
Wearing a gray tunic and looking suave and easy to get along with, he shook his head and said:"I'm a ** staff, I'm here to serve the marshals, be your logistics!”
**And**.
The hour hand pointed to 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and when the party and state leaders appeared on the rostrum one after another, the venue also resounded with bursts of warm applause.
** Personally conferring the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China on the Marshals present at the ceremony. As the head of the top ten marshals and the founding hero, everyone thinks that Marshal Order No. 001 belongs to him, but in fact, the marshal order number issued to ** is 004.
Although everyone was a little confused, they quickly figured it out, because they all thought that Marshal Orders No. 001 to 003 belonged to *** and *** comrades. In this way, the ** marshal's No. 004 is also reasonable.
So is that really the case?This is not the case.
On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the staff of an editorial department of the People's Liberation Army came to the home of the ** marshal to collect relevant information, but they did not expect to learn a major event from the mouth of the ** daughter He Xiaoming.
He Xiaoming said to the staff"My dad's rank order is 001, which was also issued by *** personally. ”
*。Only then did everyone know that the number of the military rank order of the ** marshal was ranked in front of the ** marshal. So why did the ** marshal get the order of rank 001?It's all about a sentence from ***.
In the 60s of the 20th century, someone once gave an opinion to ***:"Chairman, I wonder if we can change the date of Army Day from August 1st to September 9th"As we all know, September 9 is the day when *** led the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
** After hearing this, he shook his head and rejected the request very firmly. Because *** has always believed that the Nanchang Uprising is more important, which is of irreplaceable historical significance to the victory of New China.
* At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of the Nanchang Uprising, and his contribution to the Nanchang Uprising was also very huge, and a large part of the success of the Nanchang Uprising was due to the elite soldiers under **.
On the evening of July 19, 1927, an emergency military meeting was convened, at which he said:"Brothers, we are about to set off for war, to fight Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing. What exactly is going to **, this is a military secret, I can't say it now, if someone asks you, you just say to find **!
*。The next day, he led the officers and soldiers of the 20th Army from Huangshi Port to hundreds of sailing boats and marched towards Jiujiang. On July 23, ** led his troops to Jiujiang City.
At this time, Li Lisan, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China in Jiujiang, and others proposed to launch an armed insurrection in Nanchang in light of the changes in the current situation. Tan Pingshan deliberately told ** the news when he met with **, and he also wanted to test **'s attitude.
* The attitude towards the uprising was very positive, and it was precisely because of his positive attitude that many people in the party were relieved of their worries about **.
In order to deploy the Nanchang uprising, our party secretly dispatched a part of the cadres to Jiujiang and Nanchang to concentrate,** according to the party's instructions, continued to stay by Zhang Fakui's side as an internal response, and followed the Fourth Army to Jiujiang in late July 1927.
When ** and other troops gathered, Wang Jingwei was also planning a shocking conspiracy, he was ready to go to Lushan and convene Sun Ke (Sun Yat-sen's son), Zhu Peide and others for a secret meetingIn the name of Zhang Fakui, he planned to notify ** and Ye Ting to go to Lushan for a meeting, so as to use the strength of the three armies to besiege ** and Ye Ting's troops, in an attempt to eliminate the revolutionary flames in one fell swoop.
Members. After this conspiracy was learned by ***, he found Ye Ting overnight and told him Wang Jingwei's secret, and then agreed to notify ** and Gao Yuhan and others to meet in Shuiting. Several people discussed countermeasures in the name of swimming in the lake on a small paddle that was not very large, which was also a well-known "boat meeting".
After discussion, they made the following decision:
Clause.Finally, *** said to ** and others: "If you have any activities, you must tell me, and I will take care of the affairs on the mountain." At this point, Wang Jingwei's conspiracy was also destroyed.First, ** and Ye can't stand up to Lushan;
Clause. Second, ** and Ye Ting's troops did not concentrate in De'an according to Zhang Fakui's orders, but went to Nanchang;
Clause. 3. Ye Ting's troops left first on the second day, and **'s troops left on the third day to avoid attracting attention.
On July 26, 1927, the 20th Army led by ** arrived in Nanchang, and the general headquarters was set up in a middle school, only one street away from the General Headquarters of the Second Front Army in the Provincial Governor's Office.
**。On the 27th, ** and Li Lisan arrived in Nanchang, at this time** had already abandoned the plan of "returning to Guangdong according to Zhang" and decided to organize an armed uprising in Nanchang alone. ** Appointed as former secretary of the party committee, presiding over matters related to the uprising.
Soon after, *** rushed to the military headquarters of the 20th Army and had a long conversation with **. The representative **welcomed** the uprising and appointed ** as the commander-in-chief of the uprising, **saying: "I resolutely obey the leadership of the Communist Party.
On July 30, ** gave a speech at the officers' meeting:"The Kuomintang has betrayed the revolution, and what we have to do today is to set up a new banner of the revolution and oppose reaction. We must resolutely defeat Chiang Kai-shek, and in the future, we must obey the leadership of the Communist Party and absolutely obey the orders of the Communist Party. ”
Just as the preparations for the uprising were well underway, Zhang Guotao suddenly appeared, and he opposed the uprising on various grounds at the meeting, which disturbed the morale of the army. At this time, *** categorically rejected Zhang Guotao's unreasonable proposition and insisted on launching an uprising according to the original plan, but the time of the uprising was postponed by one day, at 4 o'clock in the morning on August 1.
However, before that, a man named Zhao Fusheng defected and told the Kuomintang the time of the uprising, so he had to advance the time to 2 o'clock in the morning on August 1.
After four hours of fierce fighting, the rebel army successfully annihilated all the enemy troops in the city and occupied Nanchang.
*。On the morning of August 1, a joint meeting was held in Nanchang to formally establish the "Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang" and elect 25 people, including Song Qingling and Ye Ting, as membersSong Qingling, ** Guo Moruo and other 7 people are the chairmen of the presidium.
The next day, a celebration meeting was held at the stadium, at which he delivered an inspiring speech, which not only exposed the crimes of Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei in betraying the revolution and the workers and peasants, but also called on the people of Nanchang to fight to the end against Chiang Kai-shek and others under the leadership of the Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee.
The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot not only at the Kuomintang reactionaries, but also at feudalism and imperialism. The Nanchang Uprising had a very great impact on the history of the Chinese revolution, and ** made outstanding contributions to this uprising.
Later, he joined the Communist Party under the introduction of Zhou Yiqun and others, and solemnly swore under the party flag: "Believe in communism, resolutely implement the party's resolutions, obey the party's discipline, and be a loyal party member." ”
Zhou Yiqun and others successively congratulated and welcomed **. ** Being able to join the party on the way south is also the inevitable result of his ideological development over the years. No matter what the situation was at that time, ** strengthened his determination to join the party.
Therefore, it is completely reasonable that the great *** will award Marshal Order No. 001 to Marshal ** after careful consideration.
**And**.
**Called** is Mr. He, ** is called Mr. Zhu, and *** is called Mr. Peng. In the party, ** only called the three of them bosses, on the one hand, because they had either served as commander-in-chief of the Red Army or commander-in-chief of the front army, and on the other hand, out of respect for the three of them.
On March 27, 1937, the CCP held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Baoan, at which Zhang Guotao's mistakes were criticized. Frank ** listed Zhang Guotao's various crimes at the meeting, and even said angrily to Zhang Guotao:
"You always say I'm a warlord, I admit I used to be a warlord, but I'm a member of the Communist Party now. I went from a warlord to the Communist Party, but you retreated from the Communist Party to a warlord, and to be honest, I have improved much more than you!”This passage of ** has won warm applause from *** and others, and it can also be seen from here that **'s love and hate are clear, and he supports the correct leadership of ***. It has also been said many times: "Comrade * is the banner of the Red Second Front!."”On July 7, the "Lugou Bridge Incident" broke out that shocked China and the rest of the world, and according to the agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the main force of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, with three divisions under its jurisdiction, and the former Second Front Army of the Red Army was reorganized into the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, with ** as the division commander.
*。In September 1937, the 120th Division held a swearing-in meeting in a village in Shaanxi, and gave a speech to Ren Bishi, and more than 10,000 soldiers in the audience were silent. Next, ** made a speech, and his speech style was completely different from **, Ren Bishi.
*Say:
"I wore the Kuomintang hat, and I also wore the Kuomintang officer uniform, but because the Kuomintang betrayed the revolution, I hated it very much, so I didn't wear it!Now that the national crisis is at hand, and the Japanese army is openly occupying our country, I am willing to take the lead in putting on a gray military uniform and wearing a white cockade. But everyone must remember that although we are white on the outside, we are red on the inside, and we will always be red!”In the end, ** also said: "As long as it is to implement the party's decision, to implement the decision of ***, let me wear flower pants!."”
As soon as the words fell, the audience was full of laughter, and even the always serious ** and Ren Bishi couldn't help laughing.
After the swearing-in meeting, ** led the 120th Brigade of the 358th Division to fight against the enemy, divided the troops into parts, and carried out guerrilla warfare. In mid-October, ** commanded troops to fight the Japanese army near Yanmen Pass, successfully annihilating more than 500 Japanese soldiers and destroying dozens of Japanese vehicles.
Due to the unswerving implementation of the principle of the first division, the 120th Division fought more than 500 battles in less than a year of the Anti-Japanese War, killing more than 20,000 Japanese puppet soldiers. In addition, the 120th Division also mobilized peasants to join the army and participate in the war, so that the army grew from 8,000 at the beginning to nearly 30,000.
**After learning the news, he said very happily: "Mr. He is really 'spreading beans into soldiers'!."”
In 1940, he returned to the northwest of Shanxi Province and served as the commander of the Northwest Shanxi Military Region, and also took on the important task of defending the country. At that time, the conditions were very difficult, and the troops sometimes could not even eat soybeans, but could only eat a little leaves and melon leaves.
At such times, **still thinking about *** thinking about ***As long as you know that Yan'an materials are in difficulty, the troops will immediately send them to Yan'an and send them to the hands of ***.
* During the battle, the Japanese captured supplies such as military coats and blankets, but he did not leave one, but ordered someone to send them to Yan'an. *Say:"Although it is very difficult for us here, it is even more difficult for Yan'an and **!”
* There was a famous saying:"People cannot do without their own heads, and neither can a party or an army do without their own heads. ”The "head" here refers to the *** headed by *** at all times, we must maintain this "head"!
In the long-term relationship, ** has long recognized *** as a well-deserved leader of the Communist Party of China, and is the guide to save the nation from peril and let the Chinese people out of the sea of suffering, so I love and care from the bottom of my heart
In the War of Liberation, Hu Zongnan led his troops to Yan'an, due to the disparity in strength between the enemy and us, he had no choice but to lead the organs to evacuate and move to Wangjiawan, which was only more than 100 miles away from the enemy's stronghold.
At that time, he served as the commander of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningjin-Sui Joint Defense Army, in addition to commanding operations, he was also responsible for the leadership of the Financial and Economic Committee of the Northwest Bureau.
In order to alleviate the hardships of the march and at the same time facilitate his command of the battle, he personally washed the two horses he had ridden for many years and sent them to Wangjiawan for *** to ride.
*。* To the comrades who sent the horses:
"These two horses are good horses, and they have carried me through many difficulties, and if it weren't for them, I would have been dead a long time ago. It turned out that there was also a horse, which was the same as one of the horses, but unfortunately died last year. Now let these two horses share the work for the chairman!”He was very excited to receive the war horse sent by **, he kept stroking the war horse, and sincerely thanked ** for his friendship.
However, *** said to the comrade who sent the horse:
"I am very grateful to Mr. He for his concern for me, but I know that the combat troops need these two horses more than me. What's more, Mr. He always likes to rush to the front when he fights, and he needs horses. Please rest assured, Mr. He, I can walk in a car. ”After the founding of the People's Republic of China, its prestige among the whole party, the whole army, and the people of the whole country has become higher and higher. ** is also more respectful to ***, at home and abroad to maintain his prestige, resolutely obey ***'s decision.
**And**.
** believes that ** is the banner of the Second Front Army, so he has always attached great importance to him and entrusted him with important tasks. In 1959, when the new ** Military Commission was established, three vice-chairmen were established, and ** was the second vice-chairman.
In September 1963, ** proposed at a meeting: "* has been sick for a long time and is not in good health, so I suggest that ** comrade preside over the daily work of the ** Military Commission." And *** this proposal was also unanimously agreed by the other members.
On June 9, 1969, he passed away at the age of 73.
The revolutionary friendship between ** and *** has gone through the test of countless winds and waves, and has also achieved an earth-shattering career ......