In order to give full play to the role of colleges and universities as the main force of basic research and the source of major scientific research breakthroughs, stimulate the innovation vitality and innovation self-confidence of teachers and students, create an academic atmosphere of innovation, and enhance academic influence, Tsinghua University organized and carried outIn 2023, the annual highlight achievements (hereinafter referred to as "highlight achievements") selection activities that attract the most attention from teachers and students。After the recommendation of the department and the group selection of the academic committee of the school, the following 17 achievements entered the online teacher-student voting session, and the order of the results display was sorted by the first word of the achievement nameYou are cordially invited to vote for the results you follow!
How to vote:Combined with the breakthrough and innovation of the progress of the results, please select the 10 achievements that you care about the most and participate in the poll star voting at the end of the article
Voting Period:December 16-22, 2023
Name of Achievement:
HTR-PM safety test (Zhang Zuoyi team, Institute of Nuclear Energy and New Energy Technology).
Brief introduction of the results:
From August 13 to September 3, 2023, the two reactor modules of HTR-PM completed two important safety tests, one at reactor 1: the reactor operated stably at 200MW thermal power, and the reactor was automatically shut down after the external power supply was removed. The reactor protection system is then triggered, and the rod is controlled. The residual heat of the reactor is naturally transmitted to the cooling system on the surface of the chamber and the outside atmosphere through the storage of the internal structure of the reactor and the heat dissipation on the surface of the pressure vessel, without the intervention of the operator. One time in the No. 2 reactor module: the emergency shutdown button is manually pressed, and the residual heat after the shutdown does not require an emergency cooling system, and inherent safety can be achieved through natural heat dissipation.
Reason for recommendation:
worldFor the first timeFree cooling tests in commercial-scale nuclear power plantsValidationof a modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactorInherently safe featuresIt has received wide attention and recognition from the industry.
Huaneng Shandong Shidaowan Nuclear Power Plant High-temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant Demonstration Project (HTR-PM).
Name of Achievement:
T cell immune recognition mechanism (Zhang Yonghui team, School of Pharmacy).
Brief introduction of the results:
T cells can be divided into T cells and δ T cells. T cells have a rich foundation in medical technologies such as vaccination, autoimmune diseases**, and cells**. However, the development of medical technology around δ T cells has been limited by the unclear mechanism of their immune recognition. Through 10 years of research, the team elaborated on a class of lipid metabolites called "phosphorus antigens" produced by tumors and pathogens, and the molecular mechanisms by which these substances are sensed by δ T cell receptors. The study, recently published in Nature, on the immune recognition mechanism of δ T cells, is the beginningA medical technology path beyond the traditional T-cell frameworkBringing new possibilities.
Reason for recommendation:
This achievement is one of the breakthroughs in T cell research and is expected to beVaccines, Autoimmune Diseases & Immunization**It brings a new medical technology route and has great academic and clinical value.
T cell trapping of tumors and pathogens.
Name of Achievement:
Ultrafast instantaneous band control of semiconductor black phosphorus (Shuyun Zhou's team, Department of Physics).
Brief introduction of the results:
Using femtosecond pulsed lasers,For the first timeIn the semiconductor material black phosphorusThe instantaneous band control induced by the light field is realizedand discover the bizarrePseudospin selection rule。The research results were published in "Nature" and have been highly recognized by peers at home and abroad and have attracted the attention of the public. "Science and Technology**" and "Guangming**" reported with the title of "Tsinghua Team Explores the Secret: Femtosecond Laser May Rewrite the 'Gene' of Materials", and the contemporaneous review article in Nature pointed out that "this discovery opens up a new path for the dynamic regulation of exotic electronic states in solid materials". This paper was selected as one of the ten major scientific and technological achievements of the 2023 Zhongguancun Forum.
Reason for recommendation:
This result is the modulation of the photo-induced Floke band in semiconductor materialsThe first experimental exampleIt lays a scientific foundation for the exploration of instantaneous state of matter control and the research and development of new devices.
Femtosecond pulsed laser-induced ultrafast transient band manipulation of black phosphorus.
Name of Achievement:
Changes and driving forces of wildfire carbon emissions in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (Zheng Bo's team, Shenzhen International Graduate School).
Brief introduction of the results:
Extreme wildfires destroy ecosystems and biodiversity, releasing large amounts of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, threatening human health and the global climate. The team developed it independentlyA near-real-time quantitative tracking system for global wildfire carbon emissionsThe spatiotemporal pattern of carbon dioxide emissions from wildfires from 2000 to 2021 was quantified by inversion, and the driving factors behind the record-high emissions from wildfires in the mid- and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in 2021 were systematically clarified. The results were published in Science, which was selected as the highlight research result of the same period and was widely reported by more than 100 news outlets around the world. As the only expert from a Chinese academic institution, he presented this achievement at an important international academic conference jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Engineering, and the School of Medicine.
Reason for recommendation:
A global wildfire carbon emission monitoring method based on satellite remote sensing has been innovatively developed, and the remote sensing quantification of wildfire carbon emissions has been realizedFirst implementationin the mid- and high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in 2021Carbon emissions monitoring for extreme wildfire events
Remote sensing and quantification of global wildfire carbon emissions based on satellite remote sensing.
Name of Achievement:
Methylation-guided chromatin deacetylation dynamics and multimodal mechanism analysis (Li Haitao's team, School of Medicine).
Brief introduction of the results:
Epigenetics is a key mechanism to ensure phenotypic diversity. Histone deacetylase RPD3 is a class of global gene regulators and co-inhibitors, and the dysfunction of human RPD3S complexes is associated with the occurrence of tumors and cardiovascular diseases, and is an important drug target. The team constructed artificially modified nucleosomes by chemical biology methods, analyzed the complex structure of yeast RPD3S and H3K36Me3 nucleosomes by cryo-electron microscopy, and systematically and comprehensively dissected the molecular mechanism of the assembly mode, substrate recognition and catalysis and modification regulation of RPD3S complexes by combining enzyme activity analysis and yeast genetics and other functional experimentsRevealing methylation-guided chromatin deacetylation dynamics and multimodal models。**The results were published in the journal Nature in the form of a long article.
Reason for recommendation:
For the first time, the structural and biochemical basis of the function of type I-HDAC complexes has been revealed, demonstrating nature's ingenious molecular design to enhance regulatory potential through the formation of multi-subunit complexes, highlights the subtle complexity of epigenetic regulation, and paves the way for structure- and mechanism-based targeted drug development.
RPD3S-mediated dynamic regulation of chromatin methylation and acetylation.
Name of Achievement:
Revealing the evolution of galaxies in the early universe The first imaging observation of the cyclic inflow of galaxies (Cai Zheng's team, Department of Astronomy).
Brief introduction of the results:
Using the world's large-scale full-band observation equipment, the detailed process of gas entering galaxies around galaxies in the early universe can be directly detected through deep-field spectroscopic observation. It is confirmed that "cyclic internal flow" is the key to driving star formation within galaxies, for understandingGalaxy "ecosystem".and its evolution has taken an important step and inspired the next generationSpectral Survey Telescoperelated scientific targets. The findings were published in the journal Science.
Reason for recommendation:
Confirmed"Cyclic inflow".is the key to the formation of massive galaxies in the early universe, isFor the first time in the worldDirect and clear imaging of the "inflow" of galaxies in the early universe expands the scientific goals of future sky surveys.
Direct detection of "circulating internal flow" -- revealing details of the gas obtained by massive galaxies in the early universe.
Name of Achievement:
Unraveling the molecular mechanism of gravity in plants (Chen Haodong's team, School of Life).
Brief introduction of the results:
Gravity acts on all living things on Earth, and how organisms perceive gravity is a scientific question of widespread concern. Proposed 120 years agoThe "starch-balance stone" hypothesisIt is thought that the sedimentation of amyloids in specific cells of plants can initiate gravitational sensation, but the mechanism of action has long been unknown. These results revealed that during the sedimentation of amyloids, the TOC protein on its surface can carry and guide the formation of a new polar distribution of Loxy protein on the cell membrane, thereby regulating the tropic growth of plants. Thus, this work analyzes the key mechanism of gravity, which is a physical information transformed into physiological and biochemical signals in plants, and unravels a mystery that has been unsolved for 120 years. The results were published in the academic journal "Cell" and were evaluated as:"Landmark work in the field of plant gravity sensing".
Reason for recommendation:
This work clarifies that gravity is a physical information that is transformed into physiological and biochemical signals in plantsKey mechanismsIt is a landmark work in the field of plant gravity sensing.
Unraveling the molecular mechanisms by which plants perceive gravity.
Name of Achievement:
*Disputes and Industrial Policy Competition: Interpreting the Sino-US Economic Conflict (Ju Jiandong Team, PBC School of Finance).
Brief introduction of the results:
The results have been published in the Journal of Monetary Economics, the best journal in the field of macroeconomics, and is the first of its kind in the global academic community to study industrial policy competition through quantitative modelsPart 1This paper has made breakthroughs in major academic fields of contemporary economics, such as Sino-US disputes, institutional competition, and industrial policy, and has laid a theoretical foundation for further research in these fields, as well as related international policy cooperation and competition. The economics journal in which this article was published is also the latest academic article by Chinese scholars in the field of Sino-US disputesThe best English-language journal for economics
Reason for recommendation:
The results are in-depth in the global academic community through quantitative models** Industrial policy competitionofFirst articleIt is a Chinese scholar who has voiced China's voice in major academic fields of contemporary economics, such as Sino-US disputes, institutional competition, and industrial policyMajor theoretical breakthroughs
Trump's Tariffs and China's Response.
Name of Achievement:
100 billion parameter dialogue model chatglm (Tang Jie's team of the Department of Computer Science).
Brief introduction of the results:
The team is one of the earliest teams engaged in the research of 100 billion basic large models in China. This achievement is fully aligned with Open AI's GPT series models, and the dialogue model ChatGPT (ChatGPTM.) has been developedThe model is adapted to more than 10 domestic chips such as Huawei Ascend, Cambrian, and Moore Threads, and at the same time, an efficient parameter fine-tuning P-tuning algorithm and a high-quality controllable content generation method are proposed, realizing the autonomy of model architecture, localization of training and reasoning, and controllability of content generation. The chatGLM series of open-source models have accumulated more than 50,000 stars on GitHub (more than the sum of the stars obtained by the two generations of LLAMA models), and Hugging Face (HF).More than 10 million worldwide**, the team was also rated by HF as the 5 institutions with the most likes of the year (the only institution on the list in China).
Reason for recommendation:
ChatGPT has been on the Chinese model list C-EVAL for two consecutive monthsTake the first place, on more than 40 international evaluation listsAt the top of the listIt has more than 3 million users on the platform inside and outside the school, and the results are on the basis of the realization of the countryFull-stack independent innovationThe strategic layout is of great significance.
ChatGPTM, a large dialogue model with 100 billion parameters
Name of Achievement:
Plant-level decarbonization strategies for the global steel industry (Guan Dabo team, Department of Geosciences).
Brief introduction of the results:
This result is an innovative development of a steel plant that can fully characterize the heterogeneity of each plantCO2 Emissions Accounting System。For the first time, 4,883 steel mills around the world, totaling 1More than 90,000 smelters have built CO2 emission inventories, elevating global steel emissions characterization capabilities down to the individual facility and process scale. This study also breaks through the macro-level analysis of the industry in previous studies, and evaluates the decarbonization potential on a plant-by-plant basis through the perspective of facility-level research innovation. The emission reduction scheme proposed in this study can achieve 80%-97% emission reduction in steel mills around the world, providing a solid data foundation and practical feasibility for the net-zero carbon transition of the steel industry"One factory, one policy".path design scheme. The findings were published in the journal Nature.
Reason for recommendation:
A facility-level carbon emission database for the global steel industry was constructed and proposedPlant-by-plant decarbonization pathwaysIt has important theoretical and practical value for the realization of technology-driven precision emission reduction.
A breakdown of global CO2 emissions from steel mills across 17 processes.
Name of Achievement:
Artificial intelligence design of lithium battery electrolyte (Chen Xiang and Zhang Qiang's team, Department of Chemical Engineering).
Brief introduction of the results:
In view of the design and development problems of advanced electrolytes for lithium batteries, the teamA new method of "artificial intelligence design of lithium battery electrolyte" is proposed: Developed a high-throughput electrolyte calculation software with independent intellectual property rights, and built the world's largest lithium battery electrolyte databaseA large model of machine Xi of electrolyte properties was developed, and a new understanding of the electrolyte solvation model was establishedArtificial intelligence has been used to develop new electrolytes with potential applications. Based on the above achievements, he published a high-impact journal in the industry and applied for software copyright, and Chen Xiang was selected as one of the "35 Technology Innovators Under 35" in the 2023 MIT Technology ReviewSecond, Zhang Qiang won the first "Young Scientist Award for Sustainable Development" (only 3 people in the world).
Reason for recommendation:
This achievement establishes a new method of "artificial intelligence design of lithium battery electrolyte", and develops a new method with along:Independent intellectual property rightsThe electrolyte calculation software was builtThe largest in the worldThe lithium battery electrolyte database has guided the design of a new type of electrolyte, which has achieved preliminary application in the industry.
Artificial intelligence designs lithium battery electrolyte.
Name of Achievement:
Universal 3D printing method for inorganic nanomaterials (Zhang Hao, Li Jinghong, Department of Chemistry, Sun Hongbo, Lin Linhan team, Jingyi Department).
Brief introduction of the results:
This achievement develops a new method of 3D printing of inorganic materials, and solves the problem that it is difficult to 3D print important inorganic functional materials such as semiconductors. With nanocrystals as "artificial atoms", starting from the photochemical bonding process, femtosecond laser manufacturing technology is usedUniversalInorganic functional materials such as semiconductors, metals, and metal oxidesDirect 3D printing with nanometer precisionIt greatly expands the material library of 3D printing technology and provides ideas for the development of new methods, technologies and applications of 3D printing. The results were published in Science, and have been reported or highlighted in many journals such as Science, Nature, Nature Materials, and Nature Review Materials.
Reason for recommendation:
The cross-integration between chemical bonding and additive manufacturing with light as the medium provides new ideas for the development of new chemistry of 3D printing of inorganic materials and new technologies for the manufacture of highly integrated optoelectronic devices.
Universal 3D printing method for inorganic nanomaterials.
Name of Achievement:
Organic small molecule catalyst to achieve high-efficiency chlor-alkali process (Wang Dingsheng and Li Yadong's team from the Department of Chemistry).
Brief introduction of the results:
Chlor-alkali chemical industry is one of the pillars of the world's chemistry and plays a major role in domestic and industrial chemicals, such as disinfectants, chlorine, etc. After a long period of exploration and hard work, the team found oneSimple and effectiveUnder the activation of carbon dioxide, the activity of organic small molecule catalysts containing amide groups is significantly improved, which can achieve the activity and selectivity comparable to that of industrial DSA electrodes, showing the relatively reliable stability and continuous output ability under industrial conditions, and is expected to inject new vitality into the development of chlor-alkali industry. The findings were published in the journal Nature.
Reason for recommendation:
For the first time, organic small molecule catalysts were appliedIndustrial-grade inorganic catalytic reactions, forIndustrial anodes reduce costsImproving efficiency provides a new design idea and promotes the development of China's chemical industry.
Discovery of a new catalyst for electrolysis of table brine.
Name of Achievement:
Using advanced electron microscopy methods to study the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity (Zhu Jing's team, School of Materials).
Brief introduction of the results:
During 2023, Academician Zhu Jing's team used advanced electron microscopy methods to ...For the first time in the worldA topological magnetic vortex structure hidden under the pseudo-energy gap state of copper oxide was discovered. The results of this experiment provide a clearer physical image for the study of the symmetry breaking of time reversal in the pseudo-energy gap state. The results were published in Nature. At the same time, for the first time in the world, Academician Zhu Jing's team gave the idea of "why the highest superconducting transition temperature of homologous copper oxides is the largest when n = 3" from the perspective of charge transfer energy gap"Explanation of this important scientific problem for the study of the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. It provides important clues for revealing the microscopic mechanism of copper-based high-temperature superconductivity. The results were published in Science. The above research work has been highly praised and followed by well-known research teams from universities including Harvard, Stanford, UC Berkeley, etc.
Reason for recommendation:
This achievement creatively applies advanced electron microscopy methods to the study of high-temperature superconductivity mechanism, and has been formed internationallyAn example of the use of advanced electron microscopy to study the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity
Advanced electron microscopy methods are used to study the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity.
Name of Achievement:
Support the integrated chip of storage and computing for on-chip learning and Xi (Wu Huaqiang team of the Institute of Integrated Circuits).
Brief introduction of the results:
developedThe first in the worldA new general neural network algorithm and Stellar architecture suitable for memristors to achieve high-efficiency on-chip Xi are proposed, which effectively overcomes the influence of non-ideal characteristics of the device on accuracy, greatly reduces the design complexity and operation overhead of circuits and systems, and successfully demonstrates a variety of on-chip incremental learning Xi functions such as image classification, speech recognition and control tasks.XiHigh adaptability, high energy efficiency, high versatility, high accuracyand other characteristics, exploring an innovative path for the development of high-computing power chips. The results were published in the journal "Science" and were reported by "People" and "Science and Technology".
Reason for recommendation:
For the first time in the world, it has realized a memristor memory and computing integrated chip that can learn Xi on a chip, and its architectural principle is innovativeThe development of high-performance chipsSignificant.
The world's first memristor memory and computing integrated chip that supports on-chip learning and Xi.
Name of Achievement:
Intelligent response to insulating materials (team of He Jinliang and Li Qi of the Department of Electrical Engineering).
Brief introduction of the results:
The electrical aging of insulating materials is the direct cause of the damage of electronic devices and electrical and energy equipment, but it is extremely difficult to be detected in time. The resultsFirst implementationElectro-aging self-diagnostic materials: The oxygen radicals generated during the electro-aging process of insulating materials are used to induce a chromogenic reaction of molecular indicators, so that electro-aging can be directly recognized by the human eye and effectively warned. The application of such intelligent insulating materials will significantly reduce the risk of electrical breakdown of electronic devices and electrical and energy equipment, ensuring their long-term reliable operation. The results were published in "Nature Materials" and reported by "Beijing**", Sina News, "Polymer Science and Technology", etc.
Reason for recommendation:
This achievement is the first time to realize the intelligent insulating material with spontaneous color development of electrical agingOvercome the problem of self-diagnosis of electrical aging, which will significantly improve the service reliability of electrical and energy equipment.
Self-diagnosis mechanism and color rendering effect of electroaging.
Name of Achievement:
Chinese Style Cultural Creativity and Intelligent Product Design Technology Integration and Application Demonstration Exhibition" - "Design for Cultural Diversity: Exploration of Chinese Paradigm" Exhibition (Lu Xiaobo team, Academy of Fine Arts).
Brief introduction of the results:
Designing for Cultural Diversity: Exploring the Chinese Paradigm" features a selection of contemporary features"Chinese style".All kinds of works with different themes, different crafts and different functions bring together the exploration of multiple fields, showing the design thinking from colleges and universities, enterprises and individualsTraditional Chinese Wisdom and Contemporary DesignIt explores the combination of cultural diversity and scientific and technological innovation, highlights the importance of the integration and innovation of Chinese and European civilizations, and embodies the wisdom of the traditional creation of "Chinese style" and the exploration and thinking of the problems of the times.
Reason for recommendation:
The exhibition focuses on the creative transformation of "Chinese style", bravely explores artistic style, and builds a design innovation industry ecology and global cooperation platform for the futureCultural exchange and design innovationA solid foundation has been laid.
Designing for Cultural Diversity: An Exploration of the Chinese Paradigm.