I. Introduction
With the increasing trend of global warming, the phenomenon of warm winter is also appearing more and more frequently in our lives. For cotton production, the impact of a warm winter cannot be ignored. In fact, the mild winters of recent years have been related to the El Niño phenomenon. El Niño is an anomalous increase in ocean surface temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, which has a wide range of impacts and significant impacts on the global climate and ecosystems. Xinjiang is an important cotton-producing region in China, and its climatic conditions have an important impact on cotton production. This paper will discuss the impact of warm winter on cotton production from the following aspects.
2. The impact of warm winter on cotton growth
1.The temperature rises.
El Niño may lead to an increase in global temperatures, which may be beneficial to improve the thermal conditions of cotton in Xinjiang. In El Niño years, winter temperatures can be relatively high, which is conducive to the growth and development of cotton. The arrival of the warm winter makes the winter temperature significantly higher, and this change will have a series of effects on the growth of cotton. First of all, in the cotton growing season, the increase of temperature promotes the growth rate of cotton, which makes the cotton growth period earlier, and is also conducive to improving the quality of cotton.
2.Soil moisture evaporation accelerates
El Niño may lead to increased precipitation in Xinjiang. This is a favorable factor for cotton, which has a high water requirement. More precipitation can alleviate drought conditions and increase soil moisture, which is conducive to the growth and development of cotton. While El Niño may lead to increased precipitation, in some cases, it can also lead to an increased risk of drought. Especially in the warm winter season, the surface temperature is higher and the evaporation of soil moisture is accelerated, which can lead to periodic droughts in cotton fields. Drought can severely affect the growth and yield of cotton, so timely irrigation is required during drought.
3.Pests and diseases are aggravated
Warm winter weather is conducive to the reproduction and spread of pathogenic bacteria and pests, which may aggravate the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases. In order to effectively control the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases, it is necessary to strengthen field management and drug control.
3. The impact of warm winter on cotton yield and quality
1.Affects cotton yields
El Niño may lead to increased temperature fluctuations, which may adversely affect the growth and development of cotton in Xinjiang. Temperature fluctuations can disrupt the normal growth cycle of cotton, affecting yield and quality. While warm winter weather helps cotton grow faster, it can also lead to lower cotton yields. This is mainly because the warm winter weather will cause the cotton to develop early, which may make the cotton bolls stunted, so that the flower buds cannot flower and bear fruit normally, resulting in a decrease in yield. This can lead to stunted bolls, affecting yield and quality. In addition, rapid growth also increases the nutrient requirements of cotton during growth, which can put pressure on soil fertility.
2.Affect quality
In addition to the impact on cotton yield, warm winters can also affect cotton quality. This is mainly because the warm winter weather, especially the temperature increase in the production season, will affect the development and maturity of cotton fibers, making cotton fibers shorter and less strong, thus affecting the quality and quality of cotton.
Fourth, countermeasures
1.Strengthen field management
In the warm winter season, it is necessary to put in place field management measures, especially the availability of conventional techniques. Field management should be strengthened, irrigation and drainage should be carried out in a timely manner, and soil moisture should be kept suitable. At the same time, it is necessary to apply fertilizer reasonably, increase the amount of organic fertilizer, and improve the level of soil fertility. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and discover and control the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases in a timely manner.
2.Choose varieties that are resistant to stress
In order to cope with the adverse effects of warm winter weather on cotton production, it is necessary to select varieties with strong stress resistance. These varieties should have the characteristics of drought tolerance, cold tolerance, disease and pest resistance, etc., to adapt to different climatic conditions and ecological environments. Cotton farmers must use cotton varieties that have been grown in the region and choose varieties that are resistant to stress.
3.Adjust the sowing time
In view of the influence of warm winter weather that may lead to "inverted spring cold" weather, cotton must be sown at the right sowing date, or by appropriately postponing the sowing time, the development of cotton can be more matched with climatic conditions, so as to improve the yield and quality of cotton. The sowing technology must pay attention to the quality of land preparation, not prematurely prepare the land, the ground is too hard, and the emergence of cotton seedlings is blocked, which is also the key technology for the success of dry sowing and wet production technology.
V. Conclusions
In summary, in order to cope with the impact of warm winter weather on the whole process of cotton production, it is necessary to strengthen field management and select appropriate varieties, and adjust the sowing time appropriately. By taking effective countermeasures, the adverse effects of climate change on cotton production can be reduced and the yield and quality of cotton can be improved.
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**Editor: Tianshan Plant Protection,**Please indicate the source!
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