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In 1920, after the death of Yang Changji, Cai Yuanpei wrote in the couplet:
"I never get tired of learning and teaching, and our school has lost this good teacher. ”In a few words, it highly summarizes Yang Changji's generation of teacher style.
On April 21, 1871, Yang Changji was born in a scholarly family in Bancang Chong, at the foot of the hidden storage mountain in Taidu, Changsha, Hunan. In 1898, at the age of 27, Yang Changji entered Yuelu Academy and participated in the reform and reform movement organized by Tan Si and others in HunanThis greatly broadened his horizons and had a great impact on his thinking.
From 1903 to 1912, Yang Changji studied in Japan and England. Although he was abroad, he never forgot to pay attention to the revolutionary cause at home. In addition,Before returning to China, he also went to Germany and Switzerland to visit and pay attention to the politics, education, and justice of various countries.
In 1913, Yang Changji returned to Hunan, and the old site of Yuelu Academy had been converted into Hunan Higher Normal School, and Yang Changji was hired by the school to serve as a professor of liberal arts, teaching ethics, psychology, and education. In addition, he also served as a teacher of self-cultivation and psychology at Hunan No. 4 Normal School.
Autumn 1913,***, who had just been admitted to the Fourth Normal School, met the teacher who influenced his life - Yang Changji. With the merger of the Fourth Normal and the First Normal Division, ** was also transferred to the First Division.
Although the Hunan Higher Normal School was the highest institution of learning in Hunan, at that time, there were no systematic courses in ethics and education. During his study abroad, Yang Changji had in-depth research in these aspects. He had a great influence on the thinking of the students at that time, and also had a good impact on the development of education in Hunan in the future.
Yang Changji is a well-versed Chinese and Western learner and approachable, which makes him highly respected by his students, and he also likes this teacher very much. In his spare time, he often went to Yang's house to ask for advice.
Yang Changji also regards *** as his proud scholar, and he once commented on ***
"Although Mao was born in a peasant family, and his qualifications are handsome, it is very rare. Because of the fact that there are more different materials in the farmer's family, Zeng Disheng and Liang Rengong were cited as examples. ”Yang Changji's influence on students such as *** is multifaceted. In terms of politics,First and foremost is a strong sense of patriotism. Yang Changji lived in an era when imperialism carved up China, and when he lectured, he often connected with practical education students. These teachings have left a deep impression on the youth.
In June 1918, at the invitation of Mr. Cai Yuanpei, Yang Changji came to Beijing to serve as a professor of ethics at Peking University. Although he left Hunan, he is still very concerned about the future of students who have just graduated.
In order to support *** and others to organize work-study activities in France in Hunan,Under the introduction of Yang Changji, ** came to work in the library of Peking University, and met Li Dazhao and others here.
On January 17, 1920, Mr. Yang Changji died of illness in Beijing. Before he died, he specially sent a letter to Zhang Shizhao, asking him to bring his students *** and Cai Hesen in the future:
"I solemnly say that Jun, the second son is a talent in the sea, and the future is great, if you don't say anything, you will save the country, and you must first focus on the second son. ”He Cai Hesen also did not live up to the teachings of his teacher Yang Changji, and they became the closest comrades-in-arms on the revolutionary road. In 1913, Cai Hesen was admitted to the Hunan Provincial First Normal School, and met *** hereTogether with *** and others, he organized the Xinmin Society and founded the influential "Xiangjiang Review".
June 23, 1918Arranged by the Xinmin Society, Cai Hesen came to Beijing to organize work-study related matters in France. With the help of his teacher, Yang Changji, Cai Hesen met with Cai Yuanpei, the president of Peking University, and Li Dazhao, the leader of the New Culture Movement.
Under their influence,Cai Hesen became the first person in the Xinmin Society to welcome and support the October Revolution. This can be seen from his letter to ***:
"Considering only the general utilitarian interests, not the small interests, Mo Zhai advocated it, and recently the Russian Lenin is quite able to do it, and the younger brother wishes to follow it. ”On December 25, 1919, Cai Hesen went to France to study, during which he carefully studied Marxist works and became a staunch Marxist.
During this period, he also worked with Zhao Shiyan and others to establish the early organization of the Communist Party of China in Europe. In addition,He was also the first comrade to propose the name "Communist Party of China".And in his correspondence with Chen Duxiu and Comrade ***, on the issue of establishing the Communist Party, he also put forward correct propositions on the party's nature and guiding ideology.
At the end of 1921, Cai Hesen returned to China and officially joined the Communist Party of China in Shanghai, engaged in the party's theoretical propaganda work. Since then, he has made important efforts for the development and growth of our party together with ***.
In June 1922, Cai Hesen's "The Communist Party of China's Position on the Current Situation" was published in the Pioneer, an organ of the Communist Party of ChinaFor the first time, the slogan "Down with international imperialism" was raised.
At that time, the broad masses of the people did not have a deep understanding of "imperialism," and this slogan was the subject of many controversies.
Hu Shi once satirized the slogan "very much like a countryman talking about overseas anecdotes, without any factual basis", in response to such remarks, Cai Hesen, Chen Duxiu and others wrote articles to refute it.
During the First Revolution, although ** and Cai Hesen were Communists, they were also full of expectations for the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and unreservedly trusted the Kuomintang and made great contributions to the Northern Expedition.
However, with the death of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and the counter-revolutionary coup d'état launched by Chiang Kai-shek on April 12, the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was completely broken, and the Kuomintang and the people turned against each other, and carried out mass murder of Communists and progressive youth.
At a critical juncture when the Chinese Communist Party was facing an important moment of life and death, Cai Hesen resolutely supported armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries. With Wang Jingwei also betrayed the revolution,Cai Hesen even sent seven letters to ** one after another, putting forward the idea of "recalling for an agrarian revolution".
On August 7, 1927, the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Hankou, Hubei, known as the "87 Conference". At the meeting, Cai Hesen took a clear stance and criticized Chen Duxiu's right-leaning opportunist mistakes, and strongly recommended *** to enter the Politburo to support the Autumn Harvest Riot.
Cai Hesen and *** have also become the "thorn in the side" and "thorn in the flesh" of the Kuomintang reactionaries. On March 20, 1928, because he was betrayed by a traitor, Cai Hesen's lover Xiang Yu** was imprisoned. In prison, Xiang Jingyu was tortured by the enemy, but he never got the slightest information from her mouth.
On May 1, Xiang Jingyu was tragically killed by the enemy and died heroically at the age of 33.
After Cai Hesen learned the bad news of his lover's sacrifice, he wrote this sentence:
"Great police, heroic policeman, you are not dead, you will never die!You are not Hesen's personal lover, you are the eternal lover of the Chinese proletariat!”
Cai Hesen turned the grief of losing his lover into the strength to continue the revolution, and was ordered to restore the leadership of the Northern Bureau during the severe White Terror, and went back and forth between Moscow and China twice.
June-July 1928,At the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Cai Hesen expounded on the possibility of carrying out armed struggle in the countryside and conducted a discussion on the major issues of the Chinese revolution.
In June 1931, Cai Hesen was betrayed by traitors in Hong Kong**, and in prison, in the face of the enemy's coercion and temptation, he always fought tenaciously and had no fear. On August 4, Cai Hesen generously died in Guangzhou at the age of 36. He fought with his blood and life for the communist cause until the last moment.
Yang Changji's two most proud and valued students are only *** later,Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the CPC has led the people of the whole country to achieve national independence and liberation.
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