Industrial workers are an indispensable and important force for implementing the strategy of manufacturing power and promoting high-quality development. How to cultivate more craftsmen and high-skilled talents is a topic of common concern for all sectors of society. On December 5, the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) Federation of Trade Unions held a symposium in Beijing, with the participation of leading comrades of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, some members of the trade unions, representatives of industrial workers and enterprises, heads of relevant departments such as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission.
Improve the system and cultivate "pillar" talents.
In 2017, the reform of the construction of the industrial worker team kicked off. Through the concerted efforts of all parties, this major reform, which is closely related to hundreds of millions of industrial workers, has brought about significant changes. By the end of 2021, there were more than 200 million skilled workers in China, including more than 60 million high-skilled talents.
As the deputy head of the coordination group for promoting the construction and reform of the industrial worker team, Ma Lu, vice chairman and secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, witnessed the positive progress made in the policy system, work pattern, and incentive mechanism since the reform. In particular, the first and relevant departments have successively introduced a series of policies to improve the treatment of skilled workers and strengthen the construction of high-skilled talents, implement lifelong vocational skills training, career development through the system and the "new eight-level worker" system, carry out the pilot of special incentive plans for skilled talents, and implement the high-skilled talent support plan in central enterprises, covering the whole career process of skilled workers, involving training, evaluation, use, incentives, and guarantees.
The committee members also noticed in the investigation and investigation that the reform has achieved certain results, but at present there is still a shortage of high-skilled talents, the overall quality is not high, the innovation ability is insufficient, the salary is low, and there is a "ceiling" in career development, which affects the sense of professional honor and social identity of industrial workers, and it is necessary to further strengthen the top-level design and intensify the reform.
The shortage of talents, the imperfect training system and evaluation and incentive mechanism have become the bottlenecks restricting the development of intelligent manufacturing. Liu Zheng, chief technologist of the first workshop of the 211 factory of the First Research Institute of Aerospace Science and Technology, said that there are 4.5 million manufacturing enterprises in China, and in the next 10 to 20 years, at least 20% of these enterprises will transform to the direction of automation and intelligent production. "The delivery of 'pillar' technical and skilled talents is a top priority for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. ”
After graduating from vocational school, he participated in the 45th WorldSkills Competition on behalf of China and won the gold medal in the body repair project, entered the enterprise as a technician, grew into the chief technician of Shanghai, and established an innovation studio named after himselfXu Macao, the team leader of the vehicle manufacturing engineering department of SAIC-GM, completed a gorgeous turn that was the envy of many peers in 6 years. Feng Mengmeng, an oil producer from the No. 2 Oil Production Plant of PetroChina Dagang Oilfield, has also been admitted as an oil production technician and senior technician in a few years, and will be evaluated as the chief technician in 2022.
I feel first-hand the importance of mastering technology and being innovative for personal development and corporate progress. Feng Mengmeng said that in 2022, China will implement the "new eight-level worker" system, which is a milestone in the career of skilled workers.
Xu Macao and Feng Mengmeng hope that such favorable policies can be more and the implementation can be more solid, "invest more support, so that the professional ability of industrial workers can be 'strengthened', the vocational skill level system can be 'lived', and outstanding technical talents can be 'used' in the enterprise promotion system."
Member Ma Lu said that it is necessary to deepen the reform of the construction of the industrial worker team, focusing on the decision-making and deployment of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, focusing on strengthening ideological and political guidance, ensuring the master's status of industrial workers, improving the skill formation system of industrial workers, promoting the growth of industrial workers, safeguarding the economic rights and interests of labor, and making contributions to the cause of industrial workers.
Jiang Guangping, member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and former vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, suggested that party committees at all levels should increase system innovation, policy supply, and investment, and improve the social status of technical and skilled personnel. At the same time, it is suggested that the "Great Country Craftsman" should be regarded as a national award for the recognition of skilled workers, and the commendation system should be further improved and improved, and efforts should be made to solve the problem of insufficient incentives for skilled workers.
Improving technology and increasing income to help "blue-collar glory".
According to the Ninth National Survey on the State of the Workforce, 74Eight per cent of industrial workers did not attain a skill level. According to the analysis of the committee members, one of the key reasons is that the remuneration of skilled workers has been low for a long time, the job attraction is not enough, and the benefits of innovation have not been shared.
Some industrial workers, especially young industrial workers, lack confidence in their own career development prospects, and there is a trend of lack of successors in the ranks of industrial workers. CPPCC National Committee member Jiang Guangping bluntly said that it is necessary to continuously raise the remuneration and benefits of industrial workers, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the primary distribution, promote enterprises to set up wage units in the wage structure that reflect the value of technical skills, and establish a method for workers and workers to participate in the distribution of innovative achievements.
Wang Xiaofeng, director of the Labor and Economic Work Department of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and a member of the CPPCC National Committee, said that on the one hand, efforts should be made to improve the attractiveness and quality of vocational education, increase financial investment in vocational education, do everything possible to build a number of "985", "211" and "double first-class" vocational education, and carry out large-scale vocational skills training. On the other hand, efforts should be made to improve the training, use, evaluation, and incentive mechanisms, such as equity dividend incentives, etc., to increase the labor remuneration of front-line industrial workers.
Committee member Liu Zheng said that the evaluation of performance results reflecting the ability to solve practical problems should be added to the talent evaluation system, and the recognition of multiple types of work should be encouraged for compound skilled talents, and corresponding treatment should be given according to the ability and performance of each type of work.
In this regard, the committee members clearly suggested that enterprises should be promoted to establish and improve the salary distribution system and reasonable income growth mechanism for skilled talents based on job value, ability and quality, innovation and creation, and performance contribution.
How can negotiation ensure the advantage of skills in income distribution? Su Bin, director of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions' Rights and Interests Protection Department, proposed that it is necessary to deepen collective bargaining on energy-level wages and promote the "upgrading of skills and income" of skilled workers.
Since the start of the reform of the construction and reform of the industrial worker team, some places have formed typical experiences such as collective negotiation of energy level wages and special collective contracts for technological innovation of employees. The collective negotiation of energy level wages is a negotiation on the value of innovative elements such as knowledge, technology and skills of employees, which can closely link the improvement of employees' skills with salary growth, and is conducive to establishing the orientation of "more skilled people, more laborers, and more contributors".
In this regard, member Su Bin suggested that it is necessary to solve the problem of system building and speed up the promotion of special legislation for collective consultation. At the same time, to solve the problem of policy implementation, implement the "Opinions on Improving the Treatment of Skilled Workers" and "Guidelines for the Distribution of Salary for Skilled Talents" and other documents, central enterprises and state-owned enterprises should play a leading role in demonstration.
The implementation of reform measures is effective, and enterprises are the key.
Since the reform of the construction of industrial workers, relevant ministries and commissions have successively formulated more than 100 policy documents such as vocational education reform, the new eight-level labor system, and skill-oriented incentive mechanisms. At the same time, 110 enterprises, including large central enterprises, have carried out special actions to deepen industrial reform among 100 enterprises in 100 major industries, and 354 of the top 500 private enterprises in China in 2023 will promote the construction and reform of industrial workers.
How to make good policies land and let the majority of industrial workers have a real sense of gain, an important path is to give full play to the main role of enterprises and open up the "last mile" of reform measures.
State-owned enterprises and private enterprises, as the main body of skilled talents, should further enhance their dominant position in the cultivation and training of skilled talents, and strengthen the main responsibility. Jing Chunning, general manager of China's nuclear power engineering, believes that "enterprises should dilute the requirements of skilled talents in terms of academic qualifications and other aspects, and truly pay attention to the core advantages of skilled talents in solving practical engineering and technical problems." ”
Jing Chunning's point of view has been the positive response of Yan Jianwen, chairman of Hefei Heforging Intelligent Manufacturing Co., Ltd.: "Harmonious labor relations, employees' sense of belonging, and the construction of the system of skill training are the best of the vitality of private enterprises."
Committee member Yan Jianwen and Jing Chunning paid special attention to the training of skilled talents, believing that enterprises can participate more in the capacity building of vocational colleges, realize resource alliance and two-way cooperation, improve the relevance of the training and use of skilled talents, create better employment and development prospects for the skilled talent team, and attract more high-potential talents to develop in the direction of skilled talents.
It is necessary to conscientiously curb the trend of 'heavy excavation of people and light training' in enterprises. Member Wang Xiaofeng believes that enterprises should be guided to play the main role of skills training, and urge enterprises to fully withdraw the education and training funds for employees and use more than 60% for the training of front-line workers.
Encourage enterprises to implement the 'new eight-level' vocational skill level system, and open up the career development path that runs horizontally between different sequences" "Enterprises should take the initiative to improve the treatment of skilled workers, and further improve the salary distribution system and reasonable growth mechanism" "Enterprises should formulate policies to promote the transformation of high-skilled talents from 'getting certificates for treatment' to 'earning treatment based on performance'"...
During the nearly three-hour discussion, 14 committee members and representatives of industrial workers spoke one after another, asking questions and finding solutions, and the responsible persons of relevant ministries and commissions gave detailed and frank answers. Behind the brainstorming is a common concept: always insist on relying on the working class wholeheartedly, promote the construction and reform of the industrial worker team, and cultivate more craftsmen and high-skilled talents in major countries.