The familiar image of the pharaohs of ancient Egypt is generally like this. But there is information that it is possible that he could be like that. So what's going on here?
In Upper Egypt, 11 kilometers from the west bank of the Nile, there is an ancient city called Abydos. The yellow sand here is barren, but it is one of the most important ancient cities for archaeologists. Because this is a sacred place considered by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, it is also the most ideal burial place for the pharaohs. The great god Osiris in Egyptian mythology was buried here after his death.
What?Will God die too?In the ancient Egyptian concept, gods lived longer than humans, but gods and humans died, except that gods could be reborn after death. Osiris was the first god to be mummified in ancient Egypt and the first to be resurrected after death. He was resurrected as Lord of the Underworld, in charge of the souls of all the ancient Egyptians. Therefore, after the death of each pharaoh, he also hoped that he could be closer to Osiris, because the resurrection was guaranteed in this way.
In 1900, a British archaeologist named Petrie led a team to Abydos to conduct archaeology. Archaeology from the 19th century to the early 20th century was not like it is now, modern times were dispatched by professional archaeologists and professional equipment, and the excavation operations were very cautious, and an ancient tomb was often excavated for several years, or even decades, and each cultural relic had to be strictly classified and archived. But when archaeology was just emerging in the 19th and early 20th centuries, archaeology had not yet become a university specialty. Archaeologists mostly evolved from the early naturalists, who at that time saw the excavation of antiquities as the collection of specimens, and the excavation was not as important as it is today, requiring a variety of technical means to do detailed surface surveys. At that time, the survey and planning work was very rough, and most of the excavations were also done by employing locals, so they directly picked up the hoe and pickaxe to excavate, which was simple and crude, and often an ancient tomb was excavated in a few months. Therefore, the damage of cultural relics and the destruction of corpses often occur, and the classification and archiving of cultural relics are also quite extensive, which creates endless troubles for later research. But it can't be helped, that's how all learning begins.
It is said that one day, Petri Laopi, who was in charge of the excavation, received a report that something had been dug up, and someone told him, "Come and see if you want it." Old Pile ran to the scene to take a look, it was a mummified arm wrapped in cloth, and there were four ** and pyroxene bracelets on his wrists. With his deep knowledge of ancient Egyptian culture, Lao Pi keenly felt that these bracelets were most likely the exclusive objects of the pharaohs. He took a picture of the bracelet and the mummified arm, took notes, carefully wrapped it, and sent it to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
After the curator of Tianxidi took these things, his chest beat loudly, and said, "Don't worry, I will keep these things for you." "Indeed, he kept the ** and bracelet very well, and this part is to fulfill his promise. However, as soon as Old Leather turned to leave, he threw away the arm of the world's oldest mummy.
Luckily, Lao Pi found the tombstone, which was named Merites, which means "the one who is loved by the goddess Ness". The goddess Ness, the god of war, hunting, and wisdom in ancient Egypt, was the predecessor of the goddess Athena in Greek mythology. Here is an explanation of what is called the dynasty of ancient Egypt. The concept of the Egyptian dynasty was actually proposed by a priest named Maneto in the Ptolemaic era. He wrote a "History of Egypt", in which he divided the pharaohs from different families in ancient Egyptian history into 31 dynasties, counting from the first dynasty to the Ptolemaic dynasty where Maneto was located, a total of more than 3,000 years, that is, the first dynasty is about 5,000 years ago.
It is said that since the name of the very ancient female deity Ness appeared on the tombstone of the large tomb that was discovered, archaeologists at the time judged that the owner of the tomb should also be a woman. But who exactly?Faced with the empty burial chamber, Lao Pi had no answer, and neither did all the archaeologists. Then the issue was put on hold for the first time.
In 1937, an English female writer named Joan published a history**, which was called "Pharaoh with Wings". What this "winged pharaoh" means, we will explain later. Reaching the top of the best-seller list upon its release, it tells the story of the pharaohs of Egypt's First Dynasty about 5,000 years ago, and the details are vividly depicted. The New York Times book review described it as "an unusual story that shines with a fire."
However, when the newspaper reporter interviewed Qiong An and praised her for how well she wrote the story, Qiong An shook her head and said: "Do you think this is a story that I made up with my thoughts flying?"No, this is my personal experience. ” what？"A 5,000-year-old story is your own experience?The reporter's eyes were so shocked that they were about to burst.
Joan said she was born in 1907 into a wealthy family in London, England. Her father is an invincible tennis player in the world, and her mother is a well-known person. At a very young age, Joan discovered that she was able to perceive the world differently from everyone else. She is able to see and hear things that others can't. She once told her father quietly, but her father was a person who did not believe in ghosts and gods, and immediately scolded her: "Don't talk nonsense, children, it's all hallucinations, just learn more scientific knowledge." But my father's answer didn't help at all.
The distressed Joan told her mother about the strange things she had seen, and her mother's attitude reassured Joan because her mother comforted her and said that it was all normal. "People with extrasensory abilities really experience the world differently than other people. ”
But her mother told her, "Keep your secrets and don't tell anyone else, because they won't understand." "Joan grew up day by day, and some old images began to stick in and out of her mind like movie shots**. She began to take notes and write down clips of the movies she saw.
Joan met the other half of her life when she was twenty years old. After getting married, she began to share her strange insights with her husband. The couple had no secrets, but fortunately her husband was open-minded, not a layman, and was very interested in his wife's description, and even volunteered to be the writer of her notes. Qiong'an was greatly encouraged, and began to try to recall her distant memory. When he wrote a large number of these memories, Joan began to organize them into a complete story, which is "The Pharaoh with Wings".
The content of the book was written by the reporter after the reporter wrote this interview, and he thought it was very novel and immediately published it in the newspaper. As a result, as soon as the newspaper came out, almost all of Joan's book fans announced: "Let's take off our fans and take them down!."You wrote a fantasy story, why do you have to make up a supernatural story to bombard yourself?Book fans have said: "Your self-hype is very clumsy, our fans have changed the road, and the road has turned black!."”
It can be seen that Qiong'an's mother's warning to her back then was quite important. Don't just tell others about your own supernatural opinions, because others can't understand them. While many people scoffed, one person took the report in.
His name was Koehler, and he was a German archaeologist. Let's take a look at what is written in the book "Pharaoh with Wings". During the First Dynasty of Egypt, a girl named Sekeeta was born in the house of the pharaohs. She also has an older brother. Pharaoh attached great importance to the education of his children, and made his most trusted high priest, a man with great perceptive powers, their teacher. This teacher has a pair of heavenly eyes similar to what Buddhism says, and he is able to see through people's thoughts. Because all human emotions have bright colors in his supernatural eyes, he can easily discern whether the person is jealous, greedy, angry, or loving by these colors.
Pharaoh died in a war with neighboring Sumer, and his son succeeded him as the new pharaoh, with his mother as regent. The heroine Sekeeta was sent to the temple to learn and Xi. Egypt at that time regarded the lotus flower as a sacred object and also believed in reincarnation. In the process of cultivation, the heroine also often experiences out-of-body souls, enters non-earthly time and space, and learns about non-earthly knowledge and wisdom. And they also seem to have a concept similar to Tantric Kalachakra. Kalachakra is a symbol used to represent time and reincarnation.
One person cheers for the graduate school entrance examination
In the process of ten years of hard practice, the heroine successfully completed many rushes and promotions, and finally came to the final test. Under the guidance of her mentor, the High Priest, Sequeeta lay in a sarcophagus, went out of her body, completed a series of tests in another dimension, and finally managed to become the High Priest. The priest's name given to her by the guru was called Merry Ness, and she was the one who was loved by the goddess Ness.
When Köhler read this, he was shocked, and suddenly remembered that the name on the tombstone of the large tomb that Lao Pi found many years ago when he was archaeological in Abydos was not the name of Merines. His intuition told Koehler that the beautiful Ness described in Joan's book was probably the owner of the stolen tomb that Old Leather had found in 1900. Kohler was not idle, and immediately applied for permission to excavate from Egypt, and at the same time he began to study this Merinas frantically, hoping to find all the information and legends related to Merines.
The effort paid off, and Khloe discovered that Mernice owned not only a large tomb in Abydos, but also a mausoleum in Saqqara near the ancient capital of Memphis. Archaeologists found traces of her in a large tomb unearthed in Saqqara, and the name of Merines appeared in the Serach mark of one of the seals. In Egyptian hieroglyphs, the serah is a rectangular enclosure that represents a niche or gate wall of a palace. The top of the enclosure usually has a mighty Horus falcon, representing the Pharaoh's connection with the gods. The upper part of the fence corresponds to the mythical beast.
For example, in the case of eye snakes, the lower part of the fence is usually the name of a member of the royal family. Seraeh was the earliest coat of arms used by the Egyptian royal family, so this discovery confirms that Merines was indeed a member of the royal family. The discovery excited Koehler. At this time, Kohler also obtained the archaeological permission of Egypt, and he immediately led a team to Abydos to start excavations.
Although Kohler was inspired by Joan's ** story, after all, she is an archaeologist, and she is not sure whether Joan's story is a mystery or a fact. So let's go back to the story in Joan's book. Soon after the heroine Sekeeta was promoted to high priesthood, she married her pharaoh brother and became queen according to the custom of the Egyptian royal family. However, the book also directly named her Pharaoh, and did not use the title of queen, which means that at that time, two pharaohs, male and female, ruled Egypt together. The marriage of brother and sister was a normal thing in ancient Egypt, in order to maintain the purity of the royal bloodline.
The elder brother was in charge of military affairs and diplomacy (outside the Lord), and the younger sister was in charge of finances, priesthood, and harvest celebrations (Lord). During the physical archaeological excavations, Kohler discovered that the royal woman was indeed in charge of the country's finances, as he found an inscription carved on a stone tool. The inscription mentions the royal treasury, also known as the treasury.
Next to it is engraved the name of Mirines. Joan's book also says that after the death of Sekeetta's brother and husband, their sons were still young, so Sekeeta and the little pharaoh ruled together until the little pharaoh was older** and she retired. And this little crown prince is called Deng. It is also true in history that he was a pharaoh during the First Dynasty of Egypt, because he was still young when he succeeded to the throne, and he was regent by his mother.
In 1985, a German archaeological team excavated Deng's tomb and unearthed a seal with the name of the pharaoh of the First Dynasty, including the name of Merines. It can be seen that Merinis is the former pharaoh, and Merinis is also marked with two words "Queen Mother" next to her name. Kohler was thrilled that the excavations confirmed the identity of the heroine in Joan's book The Pharaoh with Wings, that she was indeed a very likely female pharaoh during the First Dynasty. That made archaeologists look at the book "Pharaoh with Wings" with admiration from then on.
Later, based on the clues provided by Joan in the book, some archaeologists sorted out the lineage of the Sekeeta family. It is believed that Sekeetta's brother and husband should be Pharaoh Jet, and his father is Pharaoh Zher. As mentioned earlier, Lao Pi once unearthed a mummy with 4 bracelets on his arm in the ancient city of Abydos, right? Archaeological research suggests that the arm belonged to Pharaoh Zer or Queen Zer, that is, to the father or mother of the Sekeeta siblings.
So why is the heroine Sekeetta called "Pharaoh with Wings" in Joan's book? That's because the ancient Egyptians gave the title "Pharaoh with Wings" to priestly rulers who possessed extrasensory abilities. In other words, this wing is not an ordinary wing, but a spiritual wing, which can take people to heaven and earth, and travel between different universes and time and space. The heroine of the story, Sequeetta, has already shown extrasensory abilities in her childhood, and she is more able to recall her past life during her temple devotional. Therefore, after she received the title of high priest, she ascended the throne of Pharaoh, which shows that her prestige at that time was quite high. So she became a veritable "pharaoh with wings", both a priestess and a pharaoh.
But human memory is wrong, and that's a common occurrence. But Joan's book does solve another problem for archaeologists. Because there is an important person mentioned in the book - the enigmatic Menes. Who is this Menes? He was the pharaoh who unified Upper and Lower Egypt more than 5,100 years ago and is known as the founding king of the First Dynasty of Egypt. This god-like pharaoh is recorded in the annals of the Greek historian Herodotus, and has this name in the table of the kings of Abydos of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt and the table of the kings of Turin. However, in all the excavated Egyptian tombs, there is no clue about the figure of Menes. Because there is no physical archaeology, only sporadic written records have been left. Therefore, archaeologists are very skeptical that this figure was made up by the ancients. This question has plagued the archaeological community for a long time.
The Jade Emperor, the main god of Taoism familiar to Chinese, also has a long name, abbreviated as the High Heaven Saint Great Merciful One, the Jade Emperor Great Heavenly Venerable, and the Xuanqiong High God. You heard it right, this is one of the abbreviations, "Journey to the West" uses this abbreviation, and the extreme abbreviation is Hucai Jade Emperor. The same was true in ancient Egypt, where the more the age passed, the more titles the pharaoh had, and the more titles he had. Therefore, it has been suggested that Menes was probably one of the titles of Pharaoh Namayr. But because there was no physical evidence to be found, the two sides fought for decades, and no one could convince anyone.
However, Joan's book offers a different interpretation, which is completely different from the previous understanding. In the book, it is written that Menes is a very special title, and it can even be said that it is the code name of a mission. Each pharaoh who was reincarnated as the first Menes was determined to bring a country similar to the time of Yao Shun to his people. His descendants will inherit the title of Menes until this task is accomplished. Successive pharaohs no longer used the title of Menes, that is, they felt that they were not worthy of virtue and no longer worthy of this noble title. None of the pharaohs since that would have dared to carve the name Menes into their tombs, so there is no way for you to find it in physical archaeology.
Although this explanation can fill in the gaps left by archaeology, after all, Joan said that the information in her book came from her own reincarnation memories. Then there is no way for the matter of reincarnation memory to be openly accepted by current science. Therefore, both archaeologists and historians, although they were inspired by Joan's book, are unlikely to cite it as official information in their own research reports and **. So did there really exist a winged pharaoh in history? It remains an unsolved mystery. So good, that's all for today's story, thank you.