In "Journey to the West", "Romance of the Gods", etc.**, the Taoist leader Taishang Laojun lives in the "Tushi Palace" for 33 days, this palace is the place where Taishang Laojun practices, alchemy and suppresses demons, Sun Wukong is in the "Tushi Palace" to steal Laojun's elixir, and then was refined into a fiery eye by Laojun's gossip furnace here!YetThe "Tusita" of Tushi Palace comes from Buddhist scriptures (Sanskrit tusita, Pali tusita), also known as Tusita Heaven, Tushi Tuotian, Doushu Heaven, Seeing Shi Duotian, Tushi Pure Land, etc., which means "with joy".Translated as "Upper Foot", "Wonderful Foot", "Contentment", "Happy Foot", etc. In the Buddhist story, the 33-day "Tushi Palace" is the owner of Maitreya BuddhaWhy did Lao Tzu also live in "Journey to the West" and "Romance of the Gods" for thirty-three days?Why does the Taoist Lao Tzu live in the palace of Maitreya Buddha, and what is his relationship with Maitreya Buddha?
Not long after Buddhism was introduced to Middle-earth, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a saying that Lao Tzu turned into a floating temple. "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty: The Biography of Xiangkai" cloud: When Emperor Huan, the book on the Kai said: "Or say that Laozi entered Yidi, for the floating slaughter". This is the product of the three teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Although "Lao Tzu Hua Hu Jing" was banned and destroyed in the Tang and Song dynasties, there were not only "Lao Tzu Hua Hu Jing" in the Mengyuan and Yuan dynasties, but also "Eighty-one Diagrams". TodayThe thirty-fourth of the "Jinque Xuanyuan Taishang Laojun's Eighty-one Transformation Diagram" is the picture of Lao Tzu's Buddha, and its ** is the end of Mani. The forty-second transformation is the picture of Lao Tzu's transformation of the end of Mani. "The Buddha's Chronicles of the Past Dynasties" Volume 22 quotes the 42nd Huayun: "Lao Tzu entered the country of Mo, and there was a phase in Xi to transform his king and establish a floating figure teachingThe name is pure Buddha, and the name is the end of Mani.
The Dunhuang fragment "Lao Tzu Hua Hu Jing" has clouds: "After more than 450 years, I took advantage of the natural light and Taoism, from the true silence realm, flew into the neighboring countries of the West Jade Realm, and gave birth to the royal family, showing that I was the prince. Abandon the family and enter the Tao, and call the end of Mani. Turn the ** wheel, say that the scriptures and laws are set by wisdom and other laws, and even the three worlds and the two sects, educate the heavens and people, and make them know the world. From the bright realm to the dark mud, all sentient beings are in this way. After Mani, the year is fifty-nine, the golden gas will be seen, I am the law when the sheng, the western holy icon, the clothes are natural, come to Zhongzhou, is effective.
At the beginning of the opening chapter of "Manichi Light Buddhism Rituals", it is describedMani, Lao Tzu, and Shakyamuni Buddha are the three sages: "Lao Jun is pregnant, and the sun flows its crystals;Shakya: Conceived, the sun is like a wheel. What is the difference between the three saints?At the end of the Song Dynasty, Zhang Xisheng, the host of Chongshou Palace, told the Confucian scholar Huang Zhen: "My teacher Lao Tzu entered the Western Regions and tasted Mani Buddha. ......I live in the first famous Taoist Academy, is to worship Mani incense, with its own Lao Tzu also. ”From the above, it can be seen that Buddhism and Manichaeism are related to Lao Tzu in the process of localization in China, and the theory of Lao Tzu is Hu Zhi constructs the theory that the end of Mani was transformed by Lao Tzu.
In the process of spreading, Manichaeism often used the language of the local religion or deities, so it was known as the "chameleon". It was Buddhism in the process of spreading to the east of Central Asia, with a distinct Buddhist color. Massisa thinks,"The fusion of Maitreya's ideas with Manichaeism appeared very early". In Manichaeism,Mani is equivalent to Maitreya;Mani is Maitreya. According to the documents unearthed in Turpan, Mani was regarded as Maitreya Buddha. "There are many examples of Mani being compared to Maitreya in the documents excavated in Turpan. ”Manichaeism and Maitreya have many similarities or similarities: they both worship light, both worship white clothes, both have strict vegetarian rules, both have Maitreya as their savior, etc
The Longhua Sect is the Longhua Society, that is, the Longhua Three Societies in the White Lotus Sect. The three meetings of Longhua refer to the three rebirths of Maitreya Buddha to save the world. Maitreya was full of rebellious spirit and organized many riots in Chinese history. Longhua teaches itself to be "expounding teachings".For example, "Song of the Source of the Teachings" describes the "Three Generations of Linfan Exposition of the Teachings" after the founding of the Three Ancestors, and "The Origin of the Buddha of Longhua" describes the lineage of the Longhua Teaching, of which the Seven Ancestors Pude played an active role in the "revival of the teachings" of the Longhua Sect. Longhua is a descendant of Maitreya, so it can be known that Maitreya is exposition, and since Mani is equated with Maitreya, Mingjiao is exposition.
Lao Tzu turned into Mani, and Mani became Maitreya, so Maitreya lived in Tushi Palace, and Lao Tzu also lived in Tushi Palace, which is a reasonable thing. Mingjiao is a Middle-earthized Manichaeism. In the Song Dynasty, Mingjiao was regarded as the legacy of Lao Tzu. "(Peng) asked: 'There are many people in the countryside who eat vegetables and fasting to learn about things, which is called destroying demons, and their disciples are called Taishang Laojun's legacy, but yes?'No, yes?Lao Tzu is the Taishang Laojun, and the Mingjiao followers regard themselves as the legacy of the Taishang LaojunBelievers call Mani "the Buddha of Light Mani", the head of the Supreme MasterMani naturally became the head of the Taishang Sect, just like the Emperor. The "Lao Tzu Hua Hu Jing" connects the Manichaean leader with the Taoist Lao Tzu, that is, the great Mani is the incarnation of Lao Tzu;In Central Asia, Mani was also equated with MaitreyaIn Chinese folklore, Mingjiao is regarded as the "legacy of Taishang Laojun".
Zhang Tongsheng,"The Struggle between Good and Evil between Mingjiao and Zoroastrianism: The Religious Nature of the Narrative of the Romance of the Gods", Journal of Eastern Liaoning University (Social Science Edition), Vol. 24, No. 6.