An important challenge for the development of application-oriented universities
With the acceleration of higher education from popularization to popularization, classification development has become an important direction for the development of higher education in the future.
In 2017, the Ministry of Education issued the "Opinions on the Establishment of Colleges and Universities during the 13th Five-Year Plan Period", which clearly pointed out that "based on the orientation of talent training, colleges and universities are divided into three types: research-oriented, application-oriented and vocational skills". Application-oriented colleges and universities focus on the word "application", focusing on undergraduate education, mainly engaged in the cultivation of application-oriented talents serving economic and social development, and engaged in research on social development and scientific and technological application.
In recent years, with the strong support of the state, the construction of high-level application-oriented undergraduate has entered a new stage. The "14th Five-Year Plan" and the long-term goals for the second and third five years issued by many provinces and cities frequently mention the relevant content of application-oriented universities, including accelerating the transformation and development of local ordinary undergraduate universities to application-oriented, and building high-level applied research universities.
Nowadays, application-oriented undergraduate colleges and universities have occupied half of China's undergraduate colleges. How to cultivate application-oriented talents with innovation and entrepreneurship ability has become an important issue facing the transformation and development of application-oriented undergraduate universities
Anhui Polytechnic University is a provincial key construction university focusing on engineering, and has achieved good results in talent training in recent years, and the quality of graduate training has been steadily improved. According to the publicly released "Annual Report on the Employment Quality of 2022 Graduates of Anhui Polytechnic University", the employment industry of the school's graduates is mainly in the manufacturing industry, and about 36% of undergraduate graduates are engaged in manufacturing. Compared with the 2020 graduates, the monthly income of this year's graduates has increased by 14%, and the employment satisfaction of graduates has increased by 11 percentage points.
In 2022, the university will comprehensively promote the reform of undergraduate personalized talent training, and bring the school's personalized and high-quality application-oriented talent training into a new stage.
From the export side to the "lifeline" of reform
We are an international company and are moving towards the world's top 500 companies. If a graduate only understands mechanical and electrical engineering, and encounters international disputes, does he understand the law?When dealing with foreigners, is his spoken language good?Selling cars, does he understand marketing?In the report on the talent training reform of Anhui Polytechnic University, Zhang Zhihong, Secretary of the Party Committee of the school, was investigating the development of the automobile industry in Chery, and the feedback of Yin Tongyue, chairman of Chery, left a deep impression.
This series of questions is also a very clear and vivid response to a question that may plague many application-oriented universitiesWhy can't most of the graduates with the right majors be used by enterprises?
Zhou Xiaohong, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee and director of the Academic Affairs Office of Anhui Polytechnic University, introduced to Max Research that in 2022, the school leaders led relevant departments and colleges to enter enterprises and factories to carry out research on talent training, student employment, and social needs. In response to this phenomenon, the school organized a discussion on education and teachingActively explore the reform of talent training in local engineering colleges and universities- How "table meal" becomes "buffet".
Through research and visits Xi learning from the advanced experience of Jilin University, Zhejiang University, Chongqing University and other universities, Anhui Polytechnic University has made overall planning and established a leading group for the implementation of undergraduate personalized talent training headed by the main person in charge of the party and government of the school"Anhui Polytechnic University's Implementation Plan for Deepening the Reform of Undergraduate Personalized Talent Training".。Through the reform of the credit system, we will further strengthen the student-centered and personalized training, promote the construction of a "more interdissecting, more professional, more integrated, more individual, and more excellent" talent training system, and build a multi-level, multi-type, and multi-path talent training mechanism.
In order to fully promote the implementation of the reform, the school also organized a personalized talent training work arrangement meeting, and clarified the reform tasks and the implementation of the "road map". School leaders and relevant departments have gone to various colleges to conduct research and guidance on the promotion of personalized talent training reform, and have discussions with college leaders and teachers, and carry out full discussions and exchanges on the practical problems encountered in teaching and management work, and help the college to come up with ideas, find solutions, and find countermeasures in view of the "outstanding problems", "key problems", "difficult problems" and "common problems" in the process of personalized talent training, and guide front-line teaching staff and managers to change their thinking and form a consensus.
Break through the tradition and expand the personalized growth space
To deepen the reform of undergraduate personalized talent training, "personalization" is the key. Zhou Xiaohong said that in addition to going to enterprises for research, the school also conducted in-depth interviews with current students, and found that with more and more "post-00s" entering the campus, students' demand for diversified development is also getting stronger and stronger. In addition to cultivating talents who can meet the needs of the market, in order to better meet the personalized development needs of students, it is also an important reason for the school to carry out drastic reforms.
In the process of implementing the reform of personalized talent training with high quality, Anhui Polytechnic University has mainly carried out practice from the following four aspects, and has achieved positive results.
The first is to add personalized cross-courses. The university has adjusted and improved the training program for undergraduate professionals and the original curriculum system, and added a personalized interdisciplinary platform. Students can choose not only major-related courses, but also interdisciplinary courses of interest.
For example, law students can take courses such as mechanical or electrical, and computer science students can study Xi animation design, etc. After fully soliciting the opinions and suggestions of key teachers, current students, alumni and enterprise experts, the school will provide more than 200 personalized interdisciplinary courses in 2023, with 7,000 elective students, realizing the cross-integration of arts, science and engineering.
The second is to offer cross-semester courses. Taking into account the actual needs of senior students for graduate school entrance examination, the school has set up cross-semester courses for students to take in advance. In 2023, nearly 300 cross-semester courses will be offered by various colleges based on professional characteristics, with 7,690 students taking courses, and nearly 50% of juniors will take senior courses in advance, freeing up more time for graduate school preparation and employment.
Zong Hao, a 2019 student majoring in communications, took courses such as "Information Theory and Coding" and "College Physics 2" in advance, and replaced it with a published ** and a patent application for graduation in the second semester of his junior year, and successfully graduated early and entered the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology for further study.
The third is the setting"Featured Classes". In addition to "making a fuss" in the school-wide curriculum, the school also has a variety of "special classes" for students who have spare time. For example, aiming at the improvement of students' scientific research and innovation ability, a "top-notch innovation class" has been established to help students continue their studies and make achievements in scientific researchAiming at the improvement of engineering practice ability and employment and entrepreneurial thinking, 20 enterprise title classes such as "Chery Class" have been established, of which 11 have been supported by the "Milk Vetch Plan" of Wuhu City.
On the basis of the "Applied Chemistry Top-notch Class", the school has successively set up "Textile and Apparel Innovation Class" and "Computer Top-notch Class" to help students do their own careers. On the basis of Chery's title class in the early stage, the school has cooperated with Chery Automobile to build Chery College, and built an integrated education system of "four industries as a whole" of industry, major, employment and entrepreneurship with the training model of "small class, project-based, tutor system and interdisciplinary".
The fourth is to promote minor majors and micro-majors. Relying on the national and provincial first-class professional construction sites, and through the engineering education professional certification and the new liberal arts education professional certification, a number of "small but fine" minor majors and micro majors have been opened. In recent years, the school has successively offered more than 10 minor majors such as law, financial engineering, and human resources, which are very popular among students, and each minor major offers 5 8 courses around core knowledge and skills. The first batch of 27 students from 14 majors such as computer science and technology, mechanical and electronic engineering, textile engineering, and automation have successfully completed their studies in artificial intelligence micro-majors in 2022, and the school has cultivated more than 1,000 "compound" graduates with double bachelor's degrees.
Multiple measures to reverse the "science of engineering".
Different from the traditional knowledge-based academic talent training, the application-oriented talent training has a distinct career orientation and ability-based orientation. Therefore, for application-oriented undergraduate universities, practical innovation ability is the main characteristic of application-oriented talents.
In March 2023, Cao Dewang and 25 other scientists and entrepreneurs jointly appealedThe phenomenon of "engineering science" needs to be reversed urgently, emphasizedThis problem is the most serious in undergraduate education, which is mainly manifested in the lack of internship opportunities for undergraduates, short time, low training intensity, and practice mostly at the level of enterprise visits。This has brought a great touch to Anhui Polytechnic University.
In order to solve the problem of "engineering science", the school actively carries out the construction of excellent engineer colleges, innovation factories, industrial colleges, school-enterprise cooperation courses, project-based teaching, etc., and continues to broaden the training channels for compound outstanding talents. School teachers and enterprise engineers jointly formulate teaching documents, reconstruct teaching content, organize classroom teaching, introduce cutting-edge technology and operation into the classroom, and realize the precise docking of teaching content and enterprise industry standards, the close connection between the teaching process and the production process, and the high integration of talent training and the needs of industry enterprises. Focusing on new energy vehicles, intelligent networked vehicles and other directions, we will further expand the breadth of school-local enterprise cooperation, create a new highland for the cultivation of outstanding engineer talents, and promote the organic combination of new engineering education and innovation and entrepreneurship education reform in schools.
A total of 21 undergraduates and 26 graduate students were selected in the first phase of the school's start-up factory, and 8 school-enterprise cooperation research groups were established. Under the guidance of enterprise tutors and on-campus tutors, in accordance with the ideas of enterprise topic orientation, project-based curriculum development, and school-enterprise joint problem solving, the first batch of trainees went deep into the key enterprises in the industry such as Gugao Automation, Kasipu Intelligent Technology, and Zuobiao Intelligent Technology to carry out project-based learning and Xi, and vigorously improved the innovation ability and engineering practice ability of students in the school through the training of bachelor and master, focusing on modular teaching, bringing students into real application scenarios, and vigorously improving the innovation ability and engineering practice ability of students in the school.
According to reports, the Robot Modern Industry College of Anhui Polytechnic University has been approved as the first batch of modern industry colleges at the national level, becoming a typical demonstration of modern industry colleges in the Yangtze River Delta, leading the school's 6 provincial industrial colleges and 4 school-level industrial colleges to continuously innovate talent training paths. In 2022, the university was approved as a national innovation and entrepreneurship education practice base, and is currently making every effort to build an engineering talent training system integrating talent training, scientific research, technological innovation, enterprise services, student entrepreneurship and other functions.
"Same score, different education".
The drastic reform in the cultivation of undergraduate talents at Anhui Polytechnic University has also received positive feedback from students. According to the data, the school's class of 2022 graduates are 4 percentage points more satisfied with the teaching of their alma mater (94%) than the class of 2020. The improvement of the quality of enrollment also reflects a high level of social recognition. In 2023, Anhui Polytechnic University will score 520 points in the first batch of science majors in the province, 38 points higher than the first line, and the ranking will jump by 7,590 compared with last year, ranking in the forefront of provincial universities.
Anhui Polytechnic University mentioned in the 2023 enrollment promotion that "with the same score, you will get a different education (enjoy a first-class university education)" also left a deep impression. It should be said that the school vigorously implements personalized talent training, and through the reform of talent training, students have won the accumulation of future-oriented development while broadening their growth horizons, which is also an important embodiment of this concept.