In troubled times, there is a lot of life. In the strife of the Three Kingdoms period, heroes and talented women performed a play of joys and sorrows of fate. Among them, the Qiao sisters are particularly eye-catching. They married Sun Ce and Zhou Yu respectively, two heroic figures, but both died young. 
TV series Big Joe image. ** Screenshot of the TV series "Three Kingdoms", what is the background of Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao?
There is not much historical information about Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao, and these two women, like most women in ancient times, only have a surname and no first name. So, is Joe their last name?Not necessarily. At present, it seems that the most reasonable records and speculations point out that Er Qiao's original surname should be "Qiao", that is, they are the daughters of Qiao Rui, a figure in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Who is Qiao Rui?He was Yuan Shu's subordinate general, and they fought together very early. After Yuan Shu captured Huainan, Qiao Rui was appointed as a general. In 194 AD, Sun Ce and his subordinates defected to Yuan Shu and shined in the battle to conquer the Lujiang River. Qiao Rui saw Sun Ce's outstanding talent and admired him from the bottom of his heart. If Yuan Shu was good at employing people and kept a low profile, he would not have been so badly defeated.
However, when Yuan Shu expanded the territory to the maximum and obtained the heirloom jade seal presented by Sun Ce, the whole person swelled. Relying on the family lineage of the fourth and third dukes, Yuan Shu became emperor in 197 AD. This move immediately caused him to fall into a situation of rebellion, and it turned out that potential allies were against him, and Sun Ce also took the opportunity to leave him. After that, Yuan Shu sent Zhang Xun, Qiao Rui and others to attack Lü Bu in Xuzhou, but they were killed in a wave, and Qiao Rui was captured by Lü Bu.
Yuan Shu in the film and television drama got the jade seal of the country. ** Screenshot of the TV series "Three Kingdoms" Qiao Rui is a loyal fan of Yuan Shu, and was soon released back by Lu Bu. However, Cao Cao took advantage of Yuan Shu's vitality to launch a fierce attack. Qiao Rui was ordered to defend Qiyang (south of present-day Suzhou City, Anhui Province), but was unable to withstand the pressure and was eventually defeated and killed. Yuan Shu also died of illness on the way to escape. The remnants of Yuan Shu abandoned their base camp and retreated to Wancheng, including Qiao Rui's family. At this time, Sun Ce was conquering the city all the way in the Jiangdong region, and he did not have the slightest mercy on the legacy of his old club Yuan Shu. In December 199, Sun Ce and his contemporaneous general Zhou Yu (both born in 175) attacked the city of Anhui and won the battle. Qiao Rui's two daughters, Daqiao and Xiaoqiao, fell into the hands of Sun Ce. 
The big and small two Joe in the TV series. ** Screenshot of the TV series "Three Kingdoms".
When Sun Ce was under Yuan Shu, he had a very good relationship with Qiao Rui, and even called him "Qiao Gong". According to the record of "Jiangbiao Biography", in the face of the Erqiao sisters of the national color and Tianxiang, Sun Ce once joked to Zhou Yu: "The two daughters of Qiao Gong are so beautiful, and now that the two of us are Qiao Gong's sons-in-law, they should be very satisfied." ”
And "Three Kingdoms, Wu Shu, Zhou Yu Biography" recorded: "Shi Deqiao's two daughters, both of whom are national. Ce from Na Da Qiao, Yu Na Xiao Joe. There are two interpretations of the word "Na" here, one is that Sun Ce and Zhou Yu already had wives at that time, and Erqiao was their concubine;The second is that "Na" is equivalent to the Ming media being married, which means that Cao Pi and Zhen Ji are the queen. Therefore, Futahashi may be a wife or a concubine. Based on the average age of the upper-class people at the time to marry wives, the first possibility is more likely.
In addition, it is also said that the father of Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao is a famous family in the area of Anhui City-Qiao Gong. This Qiao Gong is quite comedic in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". He had helped Wu Guotai finalize the marriage of Liu Bei and Sun Shangxiang. 
The image of Qiao Guolao in the TV series. ** Another "candidate" in the screenshot of the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is Qiao Xuan, the Taiwei of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but he is too old and his main activity location is not in the Jiangdong area, so it is unlikely that he is Er Qiao's father. No matter who Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao's father is, the two sisters are indeed married to two heroes - Sun Ce and Zhou Yu. Sun Ce was the actual founder of the Soochow regime, and he was young and promisingAnd Zhou Yu is an outstanding Confucian general with a good demeanor. If all goes well, the sisters should live happily ever after. The husband died young, and the two sisters were sad for half their lives.
In May 200 AD, Sun Ce had already made his mark in the Battle of Pacification in the Six Counties of Jiangdong, and he saw Cao Cao go north to confront Yuan Shao, and he had a plan to attack Xudu. However, before his ambition could be realized, he was severely injured by Xu Gong's disciples during a hunt. On the sickbed, Sun Ce clasped the hand of his younger brother Sun Quan, entrusted Jiangdong's future to him, and begged Da Qiao to be filial to Mrs. Wu and take care of and assist Sun Quan. Since then, Da Qiao has gradually faded out of people's sight in the story of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Her marriage to Sun Ce lasted only half a year, and she was widowed in her youth. Sun Ce's status is special, even if she intends to remarry, no one in Jiangdong dares to marry her, unless Sun Quan forcibly grants marriage. Therefore, she can only continue to play her role in Koto as a woman with a special political status and her young son. The Qing scholar Xue Fucheng's "Yongxu Notes, Volume 5" records that after Sun Ce's death, Da Qiao wept for several months and then died of depression and chose martyrdom. However, this kind of wild history notes lacks the support of other historical materials, and is full of the romantic imagination of literati. Another more reliable version is that Da Qiao obeyed Sun Ce's last wish and worked with Zhang Zhao and other ministers to help Sun Quan gain a firm foothold in Jiangdong, showing the demeanor of "the eldest sister-in-law is like a mother".
However, when Sun Quan's rule in Jiangdong was firmly established, he began to worry that Da Qiao and his son Sun Shao would threaten his position. So, he found an opportunity to get them to move out of the capital, and the mother and son spent the rest of their lives in silence in a remote county town.
At the same time, Zhou Yu assisted Sun Quan in stabilizing Jiangdong's territory and killed Liu Biao's general Huang Zu. In the famous Battle of Chibi, he burned Cao Cao's army to the ground, and achieved immortal achievements. During this period, Xiao Qiao, as a virtuous helper, silently supported Zhou Yu, and was a typical woman behind a successful man. 
The loving Zhou Yu and Xiao Qiao in the TV series. ** Screenshot of the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" However, two years after the success of the Battle of Chibi, Zhou Yu was hit by an arrow and left a wound. On the way to prepare for the expedition to Yizhou, he contracted a serious illness in Baqiu (present-day Yueyang City, Hunan Province) and unfortunately died. When his coffin was transported to Chaisang (present-day Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), Xiao Qiao wept bitterly at the funeral. Although Xiao Qiao has lived a peaceful life for 10 years more than Da Qiao, after Zhou Yu's death, her situation began to become difficult. Zhou Yu left two sons and one daughter, and the history books do not make it clear who his mother is. But whether Xiao Qiao was born or not, Xiao Qiao took on the responsibility of raising them. If Zhou Yu had a wife before, he should have passed away at this time. 
In the TV series, Xiao Qiao held a funeral for Zhou Yu. ** The TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" screenshot of Xiao Qiao's place of death has become a historical unsolved case. The three "Little Joe Tombs" that exist today make it difficult to judge whether they are real or fake. Among them, the tomb of Xiao Qiao in Lujiang County, Anhui Province is adjacent to the tomb of Zhou Yu, which seems to imply that Xiao Qiao spent the rest of his life by Zhou Yu's side.
The "Baling County Chronicles" in Yueyang, Hunan Province recorded the location of Xiao Qiao's tomb, but this is only a record of the Guangxu period, and its credibility is debatable. As for the tomb of Xiao Qiao at the Cultural Center of Nanling County, Anhui Province, it was built according to the dream after Gao Yi, the county magistrate of the county during the Qianlong period, after dreaming of Xiao Qiao, which is obviously outrageous.
All things considered, the first tomb seems to be the most reliable. According to the Lujiang Xiao Qiao Tomb Attraction, Xiao Qiao guarded Zhou Yu's tomb after his death until his death in 223 AD at the age of 47. However, these speculations are still only based on limited historical data and legends, and the true historical picture is still mysterious. Why did Du Mu say "Tongque Chun Shen Lock Er Qiao".
If Dongfeng hadn't helped Zhou Lang, Tong Que Chun would have been locked by Er Qiao. Du Mu's poem "Red Cliff" has been passed down through the ages, which is not only a nostalgia for the Battle of Red Cliff, but also a kind of literary imagination. Literally, the poem depicts that if it weren't for the help of the east wind, Cao Cao would have locked Da Qiao and Xiao Qiao in the Tongque Terrace built in the north. The poem sparked quite a bit of controversy. The first is the controversy between Cao Cao and Tongquetai. Cao Cao in history did like beauty, and collected many beauties into his house, and even folded his beloved son and beloved general in the battle of Wancheng because of Zhang Xiu's aunt. And Cao Cao did build a huge table-style building in Yecheng (present-day Linzhang County, Handan City, Hebei Province), and collected many treasures and women in it.
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang said that Cao Cao built the Tongque Terrace, vowed to go south to take Er Qiao into his pocket, and recited the "Tongque Taifu" written by Cao Cao's third son, Cao Zhi, so angry that Zhou Yu wanted to fight Cao Cao to the death.
So, did Cao Cao in history really want to receive Er Qiao into Tongquetai?This not only misunderstood Cao Cao, but also misunderstood Tongquetai. Although Cao Cao loved beautiful women, there was no record of wanting to take the Erqiao sisters from Jiangdong. And the sentence in Cao Zhi's "Tongquetai Fu" "connecting the two bridges in the east and west, like shrimp salamanders in the sky", from the context of the full text, "two bridges" should refer to the two bridges connecting the east and west buildings in Tongquetai, not the "two Qiao sisters". What's more, Tongquetai was not only a place to hold banquets in history, but also a place where many ministers and literati chanted poems and expressed their ambitions to make meritorious contributions, and thus created Jian'an literature. Tongquetai is not so much Cao Cao's private paradise as Cao Wei's official park and auditorium. What's more, Tongquetai was built in 210 AD, two years after the Battle of Chibi. 
In the film and television drama, Cao Cao's feast on Tongquetai. ** Screenshot of the movie "Tongquetai" So, what was Du Mu's motivation for writing this poem?Later generations of literati commented on the intention of Du Mu's poem and expressed their opinions. Xu Yi, a literati of the Song Dynasty, believed in "Poems of Yan Zhou" that Du Mu's sentence was intended to point out that the Battle of Chibi could not be set on fire, but Cao Cao took away Er Qiao and put them on the bronze bird platform. Xu Yi accused Du Mu of only caring about whether Er Qiao would be caught in Tongquetai, and ignoring the survival of Jiangdong Sheji at that time.
However, Liu Yongji refutes this view in The Essence of Tang People's Quatrains, arguing that poets often like to point out big things in trivial matters. In this poem, Er Qiao is the epitome of the fate of the Jiangdong regime, closely linked to the major events of the family and country. Therefore, the arrest of Er Qiao means the fall of the Jiangdong regime.
First of all, it needs to be clear that Du Mu himself has no ill will towards Cao Cao. In the late Tang Dynasty, he could empathize with the disputes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. And for Cao Cao, who has the most hope of dominating the world, Du Mu even has some admiration. For example, in his poem "Li Zhijun in Yuezhou in Early Spring", Du Mu once wrote: "When the moon whistles in the crossing, go to the temple to cut the mountain thorns." How difficult it should be to live, and the eyes will be green when you meet. ”
It can be seen that Du Mu did not blindly belittle Cao Cao, but looked at historical figures with a relatively objective attitude. Therefore, we need not be too harsh on Du Mu's description of Cao Cao in the poem.
The grass in Wulin is far away, and the red cliff is sailing. The past is empty and resentful, and the east will not return. It is the regret for Cao Cao's defeat at Chibi that is expressed, and there is no "schadenfreude" in sight. There may still be people who don't understand, since Du Mu admires Cao Cao, why do you have to talk about Er Qiao?Isn't this a kind of literary hype?This has to go back to the background and personality of Du Mu himself.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the state of the Tang Dynasty gradually weakened, and it was always difficult to quell the division of feudal towns, the rebellion of eunuchs, and vicious party disputes. The self-confidence and boldness of the Tang Dynasty and the spirit of fighting the world gradually converged with the deterioration of the national situation, and the overall style of literary works was a touch of sadness, and there were more and more graceful and satirical poems. At the same time, the new Yuefu movement advocated by Bai Juyi, Yuan Zhi and others advocated that "articles should be written for the time, and songs and poems should be written for the sake of things", and they also pursued the disadvantages of the times and the use of the past to satirize the present. For example, in Bai Juyi's "Song of Long Hatred", the story of Tang Xuanzong's search for beauty and finding Yang Guifei was directly grafted onto Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty
The Han Emperor was heavy on the country, and Yuyu couldn't ask for it for many years.
The Yang family has a girl who has just grown up, and she is raised in the deep boudoir.
Liu Zongyuan in "Ancient East Gate Travel", used Xinling Jun to steal talismans to save Zhao, alluding to Tang Xianzong's unfavorable rebellion
King Wei hid a talisman in his bedroom, and Zixi was really innocent.
Qianghu hub rose in the next day, and the enemy country boat was not proposed in China.
In such an environment, Du Mu's nostalgic poems also have the flavor of borrowing from the past to metaphor the present.
On the other hand, the Tang Dynasty itself was relatively open, and the literati did not have so many scruples in the creative process, and they wrote, praised, and lyrical what they liked, which can be reflected in the depiction of female figures. For example, Li Shangyin did not hesitate to praise the female Taoist priest he liked
Zifeng is coquettish and coquettish, and the red scales dance wildly to pluck the Hunan strings.
Ejun looked forward to the middle of the boat at night, and slept alone with incense.
Du Mu himself also described Yang Guifei——
As soon as the concubine laughed on the red dust, no one knew that it was a lychee.
also once avoided the truth and praised a courtesan——
More than thirteen years old, cardamom tips in early February.
Spring breeze ten miles of Yangzhou Road, roll up the bead curtain is not as good.
In Du Mu's life, like a butterfly through the flowers, he met many beautiful women, leaving deep footprints and unforgettable memories. In his poems, female figures are dotted like stars, which is a natural expression of his emotions and his unique perception of life. Judging from Du Mu's life trajectory and value orientation, he is not only a poet, but also a ** with political ambitions. He lived in the late Tang Dynasty and witnessed the chaos of the attack on the feudal towns, just like the scene of the late Han Dynasty, and his heart longed to end this chaotic era as soon as possible and hoped for peace in the world. To this end, he has made many efforts to record historical moments with his brushstrokes. His "Bronze Bird Spring Deep Lock Er Qiao", like his other poems, is an expression of literary technique. He uses the female figure as a metaphor for the strife and chaos of the world, in order to express his desire for peace and his helplessness in the troubled times. However, the Song people's accusation against Du Mu is mainly that he should not summarize the major events in the world into such a small matter as two women. They believe that this is Du Mu's personal emotional catharsis, rather than a true record of history. However, we cannot deny Du Mu's literary talent and his unique perspective on history. It can be said that Du Mu carried his own private goods in the poem, but this does not mean that he deliberately blackened Cao Cao or brought rhythm. His poetry is an expression of emotion, a unique insight into history and society. We should respect his creative freedom, but also understand the deep meaning behind his poetry. 
The image of Cao Cao in the TV series. ** Screenshot of the TV series "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, two women, Er Qiao, married two powerful men, however, this did not allow them to enjoy a lifetime of glory and wealth, but spent the rest of their lives in depression. In the end, the year of their birth and death and the place of death are not determined, which makes people lament the impermanence of time. 100 help plan
What's even more alarming is that a woman like Er Qiao, who left a name in history, was already living a better life at that time. It is difficult for us to imagine what fate more ordinary women have suffered in troubled times. The beautiful marriage and anecdotes of Er Qiao, Sun Ce and Zhou Yu have been interpreted and sung by countless literary works. These stories are not only the romantic imagination of literati and ordinary people about love stories, but in a sense, they also open up another life for this pair of thin faces in parallel time and space.