Zhuangzi (369-280 BC) is Zhuang Zhou. Thinker of the Warring States period. A native of Song Guomeng (now northeast of Shangqiu, Henan). I have been a small official in the Mengqi Garden. King Chu Wei plans to be hired as a prime minister, but he will not do it. He is the author of 52 articles of "Zhuangzi", and 33 articles are extant. Believe that the Tao is the creator of all things. Advocate Qi.
1. Things, right and wrong, size, life and death, and nobility have a great influence on the thinking of future generations.
One evening in the spring of 1929, **He**, Jiang Hua and others took a walk by a river in Yudu, Jiangxi. He suddenly asked, "Do you say that fish also sleep in the water?"And he said, "I said that the fish should sleep." As a higher vertebrate, the fish has a central nervous system, and there are two states of excitation and inhibition, which is its wakefulness and sleep. This awakening and sleeping, like life and death, movement and stillness, yin and sunshine, is a set of contradictions. These two are opposites, and they are united in one thing, and constitute two aspects of this thing." At this time, ** suddenly came out: "Zifei fish, the joy of knowing fish?".* Immediately replied: "The son is not me, and I know that I do not know the joy of fish."The two of them couldn't stop laughing. They all used the dialogue between Zhuangzi and Huizi in "Zhuangzi Qiushui".
**When I was young, I was quite familiar with the various chapters of "Zhuangzi", and some of them could even recite them fluently. In 1913, he left a wonderful comment on Zhuangzi's statement that "if the accumulation of water is not thick, it will not be able to carry the boat". In 1915, he wrote a notice in Changsha to recruit friends, and also quoted the "Zhuangzi" "empty valley foot sound, trampling and joy". Since then, in his ** "Research on Sports", he used the story of "Ku Ding to Solve the Cow" to demonstrate the way of health preservation;In Paulsen's "Principles of Ethics", he quoted the chapter "Zhuangzi Dasheng", "The fistula inherits the cicada, and only the knowledge of the cicada's wings";In the preface to his classmate Xiao Zisheng's reading notebook "Everything into One", he also used the sentence "Zhuangzi" "My life has an end, and wisdom has no end". ** He was particularly fond of the Zhuangzi and read a variety of commentaries on the Zhuangzi in his early years. In 1917, when he passed through Ningxiang, Hunan Province during his study tour, he talked about "Zhuangzi" with a local Liu Hanlin, saying: The best annotation of "Zhuangzi" was written by Guo Xiang.
The language of Zhuangzi is unbridled, romantic and witty, rich in imagination, quite philosophical, and has a strong charm of thinking. ** In speeches, writings, conversations, and poems, he is often quoted and quoted. **I especially like to borrow the Kunpeng story at the beginning of "Zhuangzi Getaway". In April 1945, at the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of China, he talked about the gradual transformation of guerrilla warfare into regular movement warfare, using the story of the sparrow as an example to illustrate: "Objective facts have completely proved that our sparrow is different from other sparrows and can grow up to become a pengbird. In the past, Chinese mythology said: There was a Dapeng bird that flew from the sea in the north to the sea in the south, and with a sweep of its wings, it swept China almost away. We are also preparing to do that, preparing to develop to three million, five million, and this process will change from a small sparrow to a ** sparrow, and into a Dapeng bird whose wings can sweep all of China. The image of Kunpeng also appears frequently in the poems and elegiac couplets made by ***, such as "Kunpeng hits the waves from the beginning" ("Seven Ancient Sending Zongyu Yilang East"), Wanzhang Changying wants to bind Kunpeng" ("Butterfly Love Flowers: From Tingzhou to Changsha"), reprimanding the parrot every time he hears of bullying the big bird" ("Seven Laws: Hanging *** Comrade"), Kunpeng spreads his wings, 90,000 miles, turning and shaking the sheep's horns" ("Nian Nujiao, Bird Q&A") and "Hate Dapeng from the arrow", and so on. **I also like to comment on "Zhuangzi" from a philosophical perspective. He believes that Zhuangzi's philosophical thought is subjective idealistic, but it contains a certain dialectical component. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he often talked about "Zhuangzi", that is, with the cultural thinking of modern people, he gave a correct scientific and reasonable explanation, and extended it to a new level of understanding. In June 1955, ** was going to swim in the rising Xiangjiang River in Changsha. Some people say that the water in Hunan is rising and it is inconvenient to swim. He said, "Don't talk in layman's terms!"Didn't Zhuangzi say so?"If the accumulation of water is not thick, then its negative boat is also weak." The deeper the water, the greater the buoyancy, and the more convenient it is to swimIn 1956, at the second meeting of the Eighth Committee of the Communist Party of China, when talking about the changing world situation, he took the story of "Zhuangzi" as an example: "The "Tianxia Chapter" of "Zhuangzi" said: "The scenery of birds has not been moved". There is such a dialectic in the world: moving and not moving. Net is immovable, pure is not moving. Movement is absolute, stillness is temporary and conditional. In August 1964, ** in Beidaihe, Zhou Peiyuan, Yu Guangyuan and others talked about the Japanese physicist Sakata's article, he also talked about "Zhuangzi", he said, "Zhuangzi said 'one foot of air, half of the day, inexhaustible', this is a truth, so our understanding of the world is also endless." The universe is infinite not only in the big picture, but also in the small way." "Analytics is important. 'Ku Ding Xie Niu', because he has mastered the essentials of analysis. When Engels came into contact with medicine, he attached great importance to anatomy."
Zhuang Shengxiao dreams of butterflies. Legend has it that when Zhuangzi's wife died, he was happy and sang. ** It is also believed that there is a dialectic in it, and this story is mentioned more than once. In 1965, he said to Chen Boda: If you still see Confucius today, the earth will not be able to fit it. In favor of Zhuangzi's method, he died his wife and sang with a drum. The dead have a celebration to celebrate the victory of the dialectic. Zhuangzi said that one foot of air, half of it is taken in a day, and it is inexhaustible, which is a truth. In 1975, when talking to Kang Sheng about people's birth, old age, sickness and death, he said: This is the law of nature, no one can disobey it, you should learn from Zhuangzi, my wife died, and I sang, if all people live for 10,000 years, won't the earth be overcrowded?