In the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, China shattered the myth of "the invincibility of the United States".
What did the Volunteer Army rely on to defeat the Americans, and what tactics did the Volunteer Army frighten the American Army?For decades, there have been many opinions.
Putting aside political, economic and other macro factors, purely from a military point of view, the feelings of some beauties are very real and interesting.
They are still fond of several tactics of the volunteers, and they still remember them vividly, and even "talk about the tiger's color change":
Unfathomable stealth.
Hero Qiu Shaoyun.
Before the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the U.S. ** team had never had a head-to-head battle with the ** squadron.
Even if there was contact with the squadron, it was limited to a small number of Kuomintang soldiers.
In the impression of many Americans, the Chinese are still "wearing horse coats and long braids".
Americans can be said to be strange and mysterious about the people's army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and they are contemptuous in their bones.
Therefore, when fighting against the Volunteer Army, the US military used a similar style of play as it did during the Second World War, the typical features of which highlight two words - firepower.
However, there was a tactic of the Volunteer Army that repeatedly frustrated the U.S. military, and every time their firepower superiority could not be effectively brought into play.
The U.S. military calls it "Chinese stealth."
In fact, the so-called "stealth technique" is not as mysterious as the Americans think, it is nothing more than an ancient Chinese tactic - stealth.
The reason why Americans are deeply impressed by the "stealth technique of the Chinese" is that the volunteer army has achieved the "stealth technique" to the extreme.
Qiu Shaoyun "is a well-known hero in China, and his story is incomprehensible to Americans."
In October 1952, Qiu Shaoyun's unit prepared to attack the 391 Heights held by the U.S. Army.
Before the official attack began, Qiu Shaoyun and more than 500 volunteer soldiers lurked in an open area in front of the 391 Heights.
The intention of the Volunteer Army in doing so was obvious, that is, to shorten the offensive distance and increase the "sudden" effect of the battle.
Qiu Shaoyun's lurking position was only more than 60 meters away from the enemy's forward position, and a dense artemisia grass was Qiu Shaoyun's hiding place.
Just before the battle began, the U.S. military blindly fired an incendiary bomb, and the incendiary bomb happened to land in the grass where Qiu Shaoyun was lurking.
The grass immediately burst into flames, and the fire grew bigger and bigger, burning Qiu Shaoyun's cotton clothes and quickly spreading all over his body.
In order not to expose the lurking target, and in order to complete the combat mission, Qiu Shaoyun made an earth-shattering and weeping ghostly move.
He gritted his teeth, just lay on the spot and did not move, and persevered with incredible perseverance for more than 30 minutes until he died heroically.
At the beginning of the attack, the volunteer soldiers who were lurking in front of the enemy with the martyr Qiu Shaoyun jumped up and suddenly appeared in front of the enemy.
The U.S. troops were caught off guard and crushed by the sudden appearance of volunteer soldiers.
The large army of the Volunteer Army launched a general offensive as scheduled, and successfully captured the 391 Heights that night.
During the Panmunjom negotiations, U.S. military negotiators heard Qiu Shaoyun's story.
At that time, the US military negotiators were stunned and shouted, "Incredible, incredible." ”
Americans can't understand it in any case: how do Chinese people break through their physiological limits?
In fact, there are many things that are difficult for Americans to understand on the Korean battlefield.
In the icy and snowy Changjin Lake, the volunteers who were "hidden" in the vast snowfield also successfully evaded the 1st Marine Division of the US Army.
At that time, the 9th Corps of the Chinese People's Volunteers urgently entered Korea and undertook combat missions on the Eastern Front.
The 9th Corps adopted the strategy of "cutting off in a roundabout way, encircling and annihilating," and in order to achieve the suddenness of the battle, the 9th Corps also adopted the tactic of "concealing the enemy."
The thinly dressed officers and men of the Volunteer Army crossed the mountains and mountains, endured the bitter cold, hunger and fatigue, and quietly arrived at the preset battlefield.
The 9th Corps was to ambush the 1st Marine Division, the 3rd and 7th Infantry Divisions, and the 1st South Korean Army.
In the bitter cold of minus 30-40 degrees Celsius, the officers and men of the United States and the ROK complained of bitterness.
They would never have thought that more than 100,000 thinly dressed Chinese ** people were ambushed in the vast snowfield.
Due to the hasty entry of the 9th Corps into the Korean war, they rushed to the Korean battlefield from the southeast coast, and they did not have time to change into winter clothes.
In Changjin Lake, the 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army fought **19,202 people, but 28,954 commanders and fighters were frostbitten by the severe cold, and more than 4,000 soldiers were frozen to death.
Compared to the volunteer soldiers, the 1st Marine Division of the US Army has much better warm clothing.
Even so, the 1st Marine Division of the US Army suffered frostbite from more than 7,000 people and hundreds to death.
The outcome of this big battle was:
The 1st Marine Division of the US Army was stunned and disabled by the "medium ** man who suddenly emerged from the snow".
In the end, the U.S. troops threw off their armor and fled.
Under the cover of 7 aircraft carriers, the remnants of the American army were detached from the battlefield from the sea in a gray manner.
This also means:
After this battle, the U.S. troops were all expelled from northeastern Korea by the volunteers, and the volunteers recovered the vast eastern area north of the "38th parallel."
In an "incredible" way by the Americans, the Volunteers shattered MacArthur's dream of "occupying all of Korea before Christmas" and completely reversed the situation on the battlefield.
The volunteers are in the icy Changjin Lake.
** The chairman commented: "The 9th Corps has accomplished a tremendous strategic task under extremely difficult conditions."
After five battles, the "Battle of Yuyin Mountain" of the 60th Army of the Volunteer Army is also a classic example of the Volunteer Army's "concealed engagement with the enemy".
The Battle of Yuyin Mountain" can be said to be the "Battle of Snow Shame" of the 60th Army of the Volunteer Army.
In May 1951, due to a command error, the 60th Army, a heroic unit with great achievements during the Liberation War, sacrificed more than 7,000 people and more than 5,000 people were captured.
This was the biggest defeat of the 60th Army since its founding, and it was also the biggest defeat of the Volunteer Army during the entire period of resisting US aggression and aiding Korea.
After the war, Wei Jie, the commander of the 60th Army, was dismissed, and the 60th Army was transferred back to China for recuperation.
In order to redeem the honor of the heroic troops, Zhang Zuliang, the veteran commander of the 60th Army, took the initiative to ask for help several times, and returned to the 60th Army as he wished.
He vowed to lead the 60th Army to fight a turnaround.
The arrival of the old commander rekindled the 60th Army's passion and belief in victory.
In May 1953, the Volunteer Army launched a summer counterattack campaign.
It was also at this time that Commander Zhang Zuliang had a "bold" idea.
He sent a force of more than 3,500 troops, and the commanders and fighters lurked for 19 hours 100 meters away from the US position.
There is a regiment of the enemy in front of you, how can 3,500 people lurk under the nose of the enemy for 19 hours?
How to solve the problem of eating, drinking, pulling, and sprinkling among the soldiers?
What happens in the event of an emergency?
This requires that the lurking units of the Volunteer Army must not have any accidents, and there must be no problems in any link.
Once discovered by the enemy, our lurking troops will suffer unimaginably heavy **.
Such a bold sleeper operation is indeed beyond the imagination of the US military.
They would not have expected that the volunteers would have such audacity to hide a team of more than 3,500 people within their fire control.
At one point, a small number of American soldiers walked out of their positions, they walked back and forth on the positions, and on several occasions even walked out of the positions and walked towards the places where the volunteer soldiers were lurking.
Commander Zhang Zuliang decisively ordered, "Open fire!."", several shells hit and drove the enemy back to their positions.
Because the US troops were afraid of being attacked by the "unguardable" attacks of the volunteers, they fired cold artillery at our lurking area on many occasions.
The cold artillery wounded more than 10 commanders and fighters of our latent unit.
A piece of shrapnel hit the soldier Gou Ziqing in the abdomen, and his intestines flowed out.
However, Gou Ziqing endured the severe pain, did not moan, and did not move.
He stuffed the intestines back into his stomach, gritted his teeth, and persevered to the end.
Nineteen hours later, the Volunteers launched a general offensive against the American troops.
After a heavy artillery bombardment, our artillery fire began to extend deep into the enemy's depth.
At this moment, 3,500 of our volunteer soldiers suddenly attacked, and they rushed to the enemy from a distance of sight like arrows from a string in the face of the fire.
The U.S. troops were stunned by the volunteer soldiers who "fell from the sky," and many U.S. soldiers were knocked to the ground before they could fight back, while the remaining U.S. soldiers turned around and ran.
In this way, our lurking troops quickly captured and controlled the intended target, and repelled more than 190 enemy counterattacks one after another, annihilating more than 7,000 enemy men one after another, and won a complete victory.
After the victory in the battle, Commander Xu Shiyou came to the command post of the 60th Army.
He patted Commander Zhang Zuliang on the shoulder and said, "Fought beautifully, played the majesty of the 60th Army!."”
Commander Xu Shiyou has always been known for his boldness, but this time, he said something like this:
It is said that I Xu Shiyou is bold, I see that your Zhang Zuliang is even more bold than me!”
Come without a trace, go without a trace, go to the sky, escape to the earth, and disappear.
According to Li Qiwei, the second commander of the "United **", said
I was shocked by the squadron's tunnels, it's hard to imagine that they even hollowed out the mountain, and the longest tunnel was actually 3,000 feet long. ”
I have to admit that no matter how many shells we fire at the positions of the Chinese, it will not be enough to destroy them. ”
From Li Qiwei's words, we can feel his helplessness and frustration.
"Defeat the superior with the inferior," "defeat the strong with the weak," and "tunnel warfare" are undoubtedly a "sharp weapon" of the Chinese Volunteers in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
As everyone knows, the US military's operations are extremely dependent on "steel," and under the pressure of the US military's high-intensity firepower, the surface field fortifications built by the volunteers cannot resist the US army's artillery shells at all.
The sky is American's, the underground is ours!”
From the beginning of the defensive battle in the summer and autumn of 1951, in line with the principle of "preserving oneself and destroying the enemy", various units of the Volunteer Army began to dig "cat's ear holes" on the slopes of the mountain.
Later, the volunteer soldiers dug and connected the "cat's ear hole" to form a U-shaped small tunnel, and then formed a defense system integrating the cat's ear hole, the tunnel and the traffic trench.
When the US troops bombarded and bombarded our positions on a large scale, the volunteer soldiers hid in the tunnels to avoid the enemy's artillery fire
When the artillery fire of the American army extended, the volunteer soldiers rushed out of the tunnel and entered the position, giving the attacking American infantry a head-on blow.
This was the prototype of the tunnel fortifications and "tunnel warfare" of the Volunteer Army.
Soon after, the Volunteer Army Command promoted "tunnel warfare" to the whole army.
Tunnel warfare. As of the day of the armistice, the Volunteers had built more than 1,250 kilometers of tunnels on the Korean battlefield, excavated 6,250 kilometers of trenches and communication trenches, and excavated a total of 60 million cubic meters of earth and rock.
During the entire period of positional warfare, with a strong tunnel fortress, the Chinese People's Volunteer Army once again performed a miracle:
The number of enemies destroyed by the Volunteer Army is almost 3 times that of the first 5 battles combined!
The Americans had to admit that fighting with the Chinese People's Volunteers was their "greatest misfortune."
Van Vliet, commander of the US 8th Army, believes that "even if we use nuclear **, I am afraid it will not be possible to break through the defensive line of the Volunteer Army".
Bradley, chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, is even more pessimistic
According to our tactics, I simply can't estimate how many years it will take us to reach the Yalu River. ”
"God-like" Scuds.
The term "Scud" is derived from the ancient postal system.
When there is a very urgent letter that needs to be delivered, the sender will send a messenger to rush and deliver the letter day and night.
When encountering a place that the horses cannot reach, the messenger will send someone to deliver the message as quickly as possible.
These messengers are called "brisk", or "quick feet" or "fast walkers", "scuds".
Dai Zong, the Shenxing Taibao in "Water Margin", is the most famous "Scud".
The Americans did not expect that the times had developed into the 20th century, and the legendary "Scud" would actually reappear on the Korean battlefield.
What makes Americans' hearts even more palpitating is that there are not only Chinese people's volunteers.
One or two "Scuds", but a company, a battalion, a regiment, or even a division.
The famous "Long Live Army" produced a "Scud" division - the 38th Division of the 113th Army of the Chinese People's Volunteers.
On the evening of November 27, 1950, the 113th Division of the 38th Army received an order that they should advance lightly at night and be sure to arrive at Sanshori before dawn the next day.
If the 114th Division arrives at Sansholi in time, it will completely cut off the southward withdrawal route of the US 9th Army, which will help our volunteer troops completely annihilate the "United **" north of the Qingchuan River
A 145-mile march in one night was simply an "impossible task."
Even the "Whirlwind Commander" Han Xianchu sweated for the 113th Division.
After receiving the order, all the officers and men of the 113th Division were immediately deployed.
From the beginning of the 113th Division, Commander Liang Xingchu of the "Long Live Army" and Deputy Commander Han Xianchu, who came to the 38th Army to "supervise the battle", did not leave the radio station for half a step.
At the headquarters of the Volunteer Army, the heart of the ** commander has also been hanging, and even fidgeting.
After all, can the 113th Division rush to Sanshori overnight?Everyone, including the *** commander, has no bottom in their hearts.
But everyone understands one thing, if the 113th Division can arrive in Sansholi in time, the road to the retreat of the American army will be cut off, and the American army will become a turtle in the urn;
If it is not in time or one step too late, then the US military will retreat from the encirclement carefully planned by the volunteers.
If that happens, all the efforts made by our army before will be "in vain."
According to the recollections of the staff officers who were on duty at the headquarters of the Volunteer Army at that time:
Throughout the night, the ** commander was silent, his face was pale, and he asked the staff officers from time to time: "Is there any news of the 113th Division?"”
In the middle of the night, the staff officer suddenly reported to the commander: "The 113th Division cannot be contacted!."”
The commander's face became even more ugly.
He called the 38th Army and eagerly inquired about the whereabouts of the 113th Division.
Commander Liang Xingchu told Commander ***: "I am also trying to contact the 113th Division, and I don't know their situation." ”
However, Commander Liang Xingchu assured Commander ***: "I believe that the 113th Division will not disgrace our 38th Army!."”
In fact, the 113th Division was desperately rushing to Sansholi at this time.
In order not to be detected by the US military, the 113th Division turned off the radio station.
Because of this, the U.S. military did not detect the news that a volunteer unit rushed to Sansho-ri.
It was also for this reason that the headquarters of the 38th Army and the headquarters of the Volunteer Army lost contact with the 113th Division.
According to the memories of the veterans of the Volunteer Army who participated in the long-distance attack on Sanshori in that year
Before the departure of the 113th Division, Commander Liang Xingchu gave a death order to the 113th Division: "Climb and climb to Sansho!."”
In that short night, the 113th Division underwent a cruel test.
Bloody battle in Sanshori.
In order to occupy Sansholi in advance and seize the initiative on the battlefield, all the officers and men of the 113th Division "went out."
They threw away everything except ***, many people ran while sleeping, and some fighters ran while **.
Some of the fighters couldn't run anymore, so they fell to the ground and never woke up again.
Even so, the soldiers still gritted their teeth and insisted on running forward, and they all silently recited a slogan of Commander Liang Xingchu in their hearts:
The 38th Army is not a 'tofu army', and the 38th Army has no bad seeds!”
For everyone in the 113th Division, this long-distance run was a huge physical and psychological challenge!
The 113th Division finally occupied the Sanshori position by 8 o'clock on the 28th.
Five minutes later, a large number of U.S. troops also arrived at Sanshori.
After receiving the news that the 113th Division had arrived in Sansholi, Commander Liang Xingchu was overjoyed.
He immediately sent a telegram to the 113th Division, ordering them to "resolutely block the inescapable enemy at all costs." ”
It was only at this time that a smile appeared on the commander's cold face.
Next, the 113th Division of the Volunteer Army, which created a miracle in the history of human infantry, created another miracle.
With their exhausted divisions, they held out until reinforcements from the 38th Army arrived.
Under the stubborn resistance of the 38th Army, the American troops had to abandon the southward retreat, they lost all their heavy equipment, and fled westward in a panic.
The infantry of the 113th Division eventually ran on two legs over four wheels of the United States.
This is the "Scud" that the US military finds inconceivable - it seems counterintuitive to think about, but in fact it really exists.
The most primitive **, the oldest method of warfare.
There are countless legendary stories in the history of ancient Chinese warfare.
Our sages would never have imagined that the tactics and tactics they created in the "age of cold weapons" would show their might again in the middle of the 20th century.
Those who inherit the wisdom of the sages and carry forward their war wisdom are the volunteer generals of our heroes.
Commander Wu Ruilin of the 42nd Army of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army was one of them.
On the Korean battlefield, in the face of the US ** team armed to the teeth, Commander Wu Ruilin used China's "ancestral" tactics and tactics more than once, which made the arrogant Americans suffer a lot.
When it first entered Korea, the 42nd Army, like other troops that went to fight in Korea, was not afraid to meet American devils and soldiers:
When it comes to infantry duels, American GIs are not a big deal;
The fighters were also not afraid of the aircraft artillery of the Americans:
You blow yours, I'll beat mine, it's a big deal to hide for a while, and then I'll clean you up again!
However, the powerful tank forces of the Americans made the volunteer soldiers at a loss.
The Volunteer Army did not have a strong anti-tank **, and even a simple bazooka and my anti-tank grenades were not equipped much.
Once engaged with the U.S. military, the U.S. military usually used tanks to fight the front, and the powerful tank force of the U.S. army posed a huge threat to the volunteers.
In the early days of entering the Korean War, all units of the Volunteer Army suffered many losses in front of the US tank troops.
Our equipment is poor, and the tanks of the US army are "thick and durable", how should this battle be fought?
Commander Wu Ruilin's coping strategy is: adapt measures to local conditions and adapt measures to the times.
All in all, as long as you can knock out the tanks of the US army, any trick will do!
Wu Ruilin first aimed at the mountains and valleys that are ubiquitous in North Korea.
At the end of October 1950, in the Huangcaoling Blockade Battle, Wu Ruilin turned the mountains and canyons into super ** against US tanks.
In order to meet the 1st Marine Division of the US Army, Commander Wu Ruilin chose to lay a net in a canyon that the US Army would inevitably pass through.
He went to the scene and instructed the sappers to climb the steep slopes on both sides of the road, where they cut cracks in the rocks and stuffed 200 kilograms of explosives into the cracks.
On November 4, the ambush unit of the 42nd Army of the Volunteer Army finally waited for more than 40 tanks from the 1st Marine Division of the United States.
When the US tanks drove into the canyon where the explosives had already been planted, Bai Tao, director of the 42nd Army Engineers, gave the order to "detonate."
I only heard the sound of ** one after another, and the explosives in the stone crevices on both sides of the canyon were detonated one after another.
The soldiers of the 42nd Army saw the legendary "landslide and ground crack".
Oil painting to resist US aggression and aid Korea.
I saw countless large and small debris being blown away, like a rolling stone flow, and smashed intensively into the US tanks on the road.
Looking at the tanks of the US army, some of them were hit by boulders and lay down, some were blocked by stones, and some tanks were knocked over and buried by boulders.
In this battle, the 42nd Army destroyed 5 US tanks at once, and 8 US tanks were stoned.
Seeing the arrogant US troops retreating in disgrace, the soldiers of the 42nd Army cheered, but Bai Tao, the director of the engineering corps, shouted "not enjoyable".
Commander Wu Ruilin also "unofficially" criticized Bai Tao for being "too stingy".
Director Bai Tao explained: "We don't have so many explosives, I want to save some use. ”
Besides, I didn't expect the Americans to be so bold and drive so many tanks at once. ”
Commander Wu Ruilin said: "The tanks that entertain the Americans should not be too stingy, and if we use more explosives, we will definitely be able to blow up more tanks." ”
Wu Ruilin's 42nd Army achieved initial results in the first tank fight, but because there were not many explosives, the results were not so satisfactory.
However, not long after, Bai Tao had a ruthless "tank fighting" addiction.
In the fourth campaign, the 42nd Army again used the ancient tactic of blasting rocks against American tanks.
This time, Bai Tao learned from the experience of the last **, he led the soldiers up the hill and stuffed thousands of kilograms of high explosives into the cracks of the stones.
The effect of this ** can be described as earth-shattering, after the huge ** sound, half of the mountain was directly blown down.
Boulders poured down the mountain beams, and more than 20 US tanks were directly flattened and buried alive, and more than 20 were smashed and broke down.
Wu Ruilin is very satisfied with the results this time.
And the American soldiers who witnessed the scene of "burying the tank alive" had nightmares for half their lives.
Old** Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea.
In addition to Wu Ruilin of the 42nd Army who blew up the mountain and "buried the tank alive", there was also a volunteer army commander surnamed "Wu" who also used another ancient tactic - "flooding the Seventh Army".
He is the commander of the 39th Army of the Volunteer Army, Wu Xinquan.
The main object that Commander Wu Xinquan wanted to clean up was not only the tanks of the Americans.
Commander Wu Xinquan also packed up a large number of vehicles and equipment of the US infantry and the US army.
In this battle, the 39th Army's task was to fortify the Chuncheon and Hwacheon areas, and was responsible for slowing down the advance of the US army.
When setting up a defensive position, Commander Wu Xinquan took a look at the Hwacheon Reservoir here.
He personally led a group of people to the Huachuan Reservoir, carefully inspected the topography and water conditions of the Huachuan Reservoir, and quickly found out the situation of the reservoir and its upstream and downstream.
On April 2, Wu Xinquan issued his first order - to close the 12 gates of the Hwacheon Reservoir.
Eight days later, the Hwacheon Reservoir was filled with water, and the 1st Marine Division and the 6th ROK Division also drove to the lower reaches of the Hwacheon Reservoir.
Just as the US and South Korean troops began to cross the river, Wu Xinquan issued a second order: "Open the sluice gate and release the water!"”。
Fortunately, the 12 gates of the Hwacheon Reservoir were opened at the same time, and the surging flood water suddenly poured out, like thousands of troops rushing straight down, and pounced on the US and South Korean troops who were crossing the river downstream.
The surging flood immediately disrupted the positions of the US and South Korean troops, and the US and South Korean troops, who were caught off guard, were suddenly in chaos.
The flood first broke the boat bridge that had just been erected by the ROK 6th Division, and then the flood water overflowed the river, and an artillery position built by the US army on the bank was directly submerged in the water.
Immediately afterward, the flood submerged a large number of US tanks and cars, and some US and South Korean officers and men who had no time to escape were directly swept away by the flood and died ......
Volunteer Army flooded American tanks.
Writing this, I have to applaud the ingenuity of the volunteers!
In the eyes of my heroic volunteer soldiers, boulders and water can be "heavy weapons" to kill and resist the enemy.
In ancient times, there were "Guan Yunchang flooded the Seventh Army", "Zhuge Kongming burned Bowangpo", and now there are Wu Ruilin "buried the US tank alive" and Wu Xinquan "flooded the United States and South Korea coalition forces".
The volunteers made flexible use of natural conditions and transformed the huge energy of nature into the magical power of killing and resisting the enemy.
This also illustrates a fact:
The Chinese nation has loved peace since ancient times, but the Chinese people have never lacked wisdom and strength in dealing with all aggressors.