Understand the history of the Two Song Dynasty and comprehend the cycle of life.
2) The wheel of history rolls forward, and it is human nature that the force behind it pushes it. However, the complexity and changeability of human nature make the path of history full of uncertainties and unknowns.
The development of history is not determined by the will of individuals, and neither emperors nor dynasties can escape the ravages of time. This is the law of nature.
From 960 A.D., when Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chenqiao Mutiny, the Yellow Robe, and established the Northern Song Dynasty, to 1279 A.D., when the Southern Song Dynasty minister Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea and died with the 8-year-old little emperor Zhao Yu on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished, a total of 320 years.
If China's feudal dynasty began to count from the establishment of a centralized empire by Qin Shi Huang in 221 B.C., to the end of feudal dynasty rule in 1911 A.D. by the Xinhai Revolution, then the Song Dynasty can be said to be an important turning point in China's feudal dynasty, playing a role in connecting the previous and the next, and its status and influence cannot be ignored.
The Northern Song Dynasty was founded by Zhao Kuangyin in 960 to 1127 when the second Emperor Huiqin was captured by the Jin people, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished, after 168 years, a total of 9 monarchs. Dingdu Kaifeng, also known as Bianjing, "Qingming Riverside Map" vividly shows the wealth and prosperity of Bianjing.
However, Kaifeng is located in the Central Plains and lacks a natural barrier, which can be resisted when the dynasty is strong, and once the dynasty declines, the enemy's iron hooves will easily break through. In fact, after the "Shame of Jingkang", Kaifeng has been occupied by the Jin State, and the Song Dynasty has controlled it for more than a hundred years, which is really a tragic ending.
The Southern Song Dynasty from 1127 Song Gaozong Zhao Gou in Nanjing proclaimed the emperor, and later set the capital Hangzhou, until 1279 when the Southern Song Dynasty small court was completely destroyed, a total of 152 years, exactly 9 emperors.
The Southern Song Dynasty regime was a partial regime and lacked enterprising spirit, so Lin Sheng felt that he wrote "The warm wind smoked the tourists drunk, and Hangzhou was made Bianzhou", which made Yue Fei sigh "The young man's head is white, and he is empty and sad", and only then did Lu You write with great anticipation "Wang Shi set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice was not forgotten".
Reading the history of the Two Song Dynasty always makes people deeply regretful. Let's focus on the succession stories of the 9 emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. Among the 9 emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu and Zhao Guangyi of Song Taizong are brothers, and Zhao Xu of Song Zhezong and Zhao Ji of Song Huizong are also brothers.
Song Zhezong Zhao Xu died at the age of 25 due to excessive indulgence, and there was no son to inherit the throne. Xiang resolutely advocated that his brother Zhao Ji succeed him.
However, the succession story of Zhao Kuangyin, Taizu of the Song Dynasty, and Zhao Guangyi, Taizong of the Song Dynasty, is not the case.
The history of the Northern Song Dynasty is full of puzzling mysteries. One of the most surprising was that Zhao Kuangyin, the first emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, actually passed the throne to his second brother Zhao Guangyi, instead of his own son.
This is extremely rare in the history of the feudal dynasties of the Central Plains, unless the emperor did not have a biological son. But in fact, when Zhao Kuangyin died, his son Zhao Dezhao was 25 years old, and Zhao Defang was also 17 years old.
However, Zhao Guangyi still succeeded in passing the throne to his branch, and it had nothing to do with Zhao Kuangyin's children and grandchildren. This not only made the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs and the common people feel inappropriate, but even Zhao Guangyi's own son couldn't stand it.
His eldest son Zhao Yuanzuo begged his father to defend his uncle when his third uncle Zhao Tingmei was framed, but Zhao Guangyi was unmoved and still sent his younger brother to Fangzhou and killed him.
Before this, Zhao Yuanzuo had already witnessed the tragic experience of his two uncles, Zhao Dezhao and Zhao Defang. Therefore, after learning of the death of his third uncle Zhao Tingmei, Zhao Yuanzuo completely lost interest in the throne, and was also greatly stimulated mentally, and went crazy.
Zhao Guangyi finally cleared the way for his son to inherit the throne, but the eldest son Yuan Zuo was mentally abnormal at this time and could not inherit the throne, and the second son Yuan Xi died suddenly, and Zhao Guangyi finally passed the throne to his third son Zhao Yuankan, that is, Song Zhenzong.
This copy is about two major unsolved cases in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty: "The Sound of the Axe and the Shadow of the Candle" and "The Alliance of the Golden Kui". Zhao Kuangyin died suddenly, the cause of death is unknown, and some people suspect that Zhao Guangyi did it, but this matter has become a historical mystery.
Zhao Guangyi was able to inherit the throne smoothly, thanks to the "Golden Alliance" of his mother Empress Dowager Du. Empress Dowager Du asked Zhao Kuangyin to pass the throne to Zhao Guangyi after a hundred years, but Zhao Kuangyin was unwilling.
In addition, the eunuch Wang Jien also played a key role in this, and he summoned Zhao Guangyi into the palace, leading to the tragedy of Empress Song and Zhao Defang's mother and son. After Zhao Guangyi inherited the throne, he continued to be favored by Wang Jien.
The life of Zhao Ji, the eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, was full of ups and downs, he went from emperor to prisoner, and finally died of illness in the city of the five countries in the northeast. Folklore has it that Zhao Ji was the reincarnation of Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and their fates and talents were very similar, but they both became the kings of the dead country because of their inability to protect their wives and concubines.
Li Yu's words are deeply loved by people, but his concubine Xiao Zhou was later copied by Zhao Guangyi**, Li Yu was ashamed and angry, and created the eternal swan song "Yu Beauty", and was finally poisoned by Zhao Guangyi.
How similar are the fates of Song Huizong, Zhao Ji and Li Yu?Zhao Ji's calligraphy and painting achievements are extraordinary, and his thin gold calligraphy is unsurpassed, among which "Sketch of Rare Birds" was sold for 25.3 million yuan at the 2002 China Guardian Spring Auction, which shows the high artistic value of his paintings.
His poetry is also very good, but as an emperor, he failed to properly handle the affairs of the country, which eventually led to the tragic end of the country's ruin.
History always makes people laugh and cry, and the descendants of the Zhao family were captured by the Jin people in the "Shame of Jingkang", leaving only Zhao Gou to flee to the south. However, for Zhao Kuangyin's descendants, this has become a blessing in disguise.
Because they have been completely civilianized and have not been blacklisted by the "Belt and Road Party". This kind of black humor history makes it impossible to think about it. Everyone has the heart to climb high, but "the high place is not cold", blessings and misfortunes depend on, and misfortunes and blessings rely on.
The first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was born at the wrong time, living when the Mongol iron cavalry came and the Southern Song Dynasty was about to die.
There were nine emperors in the Southern Song Dynasty, and they passed down for seven generations, a phenomenon very similar to that of the Northern Song Dynasty, which can be said to be coincidental. The founder of the Southern Song Dynasty was Zhao Gou of Song Gaozong, who was the son of Song Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty and the younger brother of Song Qinzong.
After the "Shame of Jingkang" led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Gou escaped with his astonishing speed and became the first to escape, and even his entourage could not catch up with him.
He fled to the south, ascending the throne in Nanjing in 1127, after which he continued to move south to escape the Jin army, making Hangzhou his capital.
Yue Fei was bent on welcoming back Emperor Huiqin, but Zhao Gou was afraid that his throne would be replaced, so he chose to sacrifice Yue Fei. Yue Fei's unjust death was not only Qin Hui's fault, but also Zhao Gou's decision.
The first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty was Zhao Gou, but he had no sons, which made the succession to the throne difficult. There have been rumors that Zhao Guangyi killed his brother and usurped the throne, which made Empress Yuan Youmeng, another key figure in the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty, convinced that Zhao Kuangyin's descendants should inherit the throne.
The second emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yan, was the seventh grandson of Zhao Kuangyin and the adopted son of Zhao Gou, who was more filial than his own son. Zhao Gou announced his retirement at the age of 56 and was succeeded by Zhao Yan.
Zhao Yun, the fifth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, was a grassroots emperor, and his story is even more legendary. Among Zhao Kuangyin's children and grandchildren, the heir to the throne had to be found. Zhao Yun sat on the throne of the emperor at the speed of a rocket under the manipulation of the powerful minister Shi Miyuan.
History is always full of variables and surprises, and it is dazzling.
Zhao Yun, the tenth grandson of Zhao Kuangyin, Taizu of the Song Dynasty, and the ninth grandson of Zhao Dezhao, King of Yan, although he has the blood of the royal family, his great-grandfather and grandfather are ordinary people, and his father is still a son-in-law.
Zhao Yun went from an ordinary grass man to only three years to sit on the dragon chair of the Jinluan Palace, which was a big joke played by history on him. After that, Zhao Dezhao's descendants all inherited the throne until the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty.
In this process, the key figures involved in the "Golden Alliance", in addition to Zhao Kuangyin's third brother Zhao Tingmei, the descendants of Zhao Dezhao and Zhao Defang also became the true dragon emperor, which can be regarded as God's reward for their unjust death.
The 18 emperors of the Two Song Dynasty are exactly 13 generations, Zhao Kuangyin, Zhao Guangyi, and Zhao Tingmei are the first generation, and Zhao Xian, Zhao Yu, and Zhao Yu are the 13th and last generations.
Among the 18 emperors, Zhao Kuangyin and his descendants accounted for 9, Zhao Guangyi and his descendants also accounted for 9, and the brothers were tied. The coincidence of history can shock people's jaws, and it is hard to believe.
But this is history, and history is always embarrassing. How beautiful the founding emperor was, how bleak the last emperor was. If you cut off someone else's head and get the country, your children and grandchildren will naturally be beheaded by others and then lose the country.
History is a cycle. Even if you are a relative of the emperor, even if you have peerless elegance, future generations will not be able to survive the ruthless years after all, and it will be empty after the prosperity.
How many heroes and heroes, how many children and daughters, finally disappeared in the vast smoke cloud of history. As the people of Lebanese, this is even more so. You're busy, you're going to be counting, you're fighting, and in the end it's all in vain.
The universe is vast, and the existence of human beings may seem like a joke to other advanced civilizations. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu warned humanity that we are heading for extinction, and this is not alarmist.
Human ingenuity can end up being our fatal wound. In the long river of history, the history of human civilization for thousands of years is only a moment in the 4.6 billion years of life on the earth, which is insignificant.
We can't be sure if there were other extinct civilizations before humanity. In the vastness of the universe, human beings are so small and insignificant. You might as well read the stories of the 18 emperors of the Two Song Dynasty and think about what else you can't let go of as ordinary people?