Hello everyone, I am a safety faction, and today's safety science knowledge is here - the classification and application of fire extinguishers.
The fire extinguisher is a common fire extinguishing equipment, which is widely used in various places to prevent and extinguish initial fires.
To ensure the performance and quality of fire extinguishers, different countries and regions have developed different standards, including national standards, European standards, and American standards. This article will introduce these three standards in detail and the differences in product models, application scenarios, and technical specifications.
First, the national standard.1.1 Overview of the national standardChina's national standards for fire extinguishers are formulated by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China and the Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of ChinaGB4351-2005 "Fire Extinguisher".。The national standard covers the basic requirements, performance indicators, testing methods and other aspects of fire extinguishers.
1.2 Product Models
According to the national standard,The product models of fire extinguishers mainly include dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, foam fire extinguishers, heptafluoropropane fire extinguishers, etc. Among them, different models are suitable for different types of fires, such as Class A, Class B, Class C, etc.
Among them, Class A refers to solid combustibles, that is, firewood, cotton, wool, etc. Category B is a liquid fire, mainly caused by Class A, B, and C liquids, such as gasoline, methanol, etc., while Class C refers to a fire caused by the combustion of gaseous combustibles, such as coal gas, natural gas, etc.
1.3 Application scenarios
National standard fire extinguishers are widely used in various places such as homes, commercial buildings, and industrial facilities. For example, dry chemical fire extinguishers are often used to extinguish fires with solid and liquid combustibles, while carbon dioxide fire extinguishers are suitable for electrical equipment and other facilities.
1.4 Technical Specifications
The national standard makes detailed provisions on the technical specifications of fire extinguishers, including the appearance requirements, identification requirements, and valve requirements of fire extinguishers. In addition, the detection method of the fire extinguisher is specified to ensure that it functions reliably in an emergency.
Second, the European standard.2.1 Overview of European standardsThe European standards for fire extinguishers are mainly developed by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), of which the EN3 series of standards is the basic standard for fire extinguishers. en3-7:2004It is about the specific standards of fire extinguisher performance requirements and tests.
2.2 Product Models
European standards mainly include ABC fire extinguishers, D metal fire extinguishers, etc. Unlike the national standard, the European standard uses color and shape coding to distinguish different types of fire extinguishers.
2.3 Application scenarios
European standard fire extinguishers are also widely used in all kinds of buildings and facilities, and their scope of application covers homes, factories, warehouses and other places. Class ABC fire extinguishers are commonly used for general fires, while Class D special fire extinguishers are suitable for metal fires.
2.4 Technical Specifications
The European standard specifies the overall structure, performance requirements and test methods of fire extinguishers. The standard requires that the fire extinguisher be able to reliably extinguish the fire under various conditions, and specifies in detail the performance indicators such as the pressure and spray time of the fire extinguisher.
3. American Standard.3.1 Overview of American StandardFire extinguisher standards in the United States were developed jointly by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). nfpa 10It is a widely used fire extinguisher standard in the United States.
3.2 Product Models
American standard fire extinguishers include ABC dry powder fire extinguishers, BC carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, AB foam fire extinguishers, etc. Different models are suitable for different types of ignition sources, ensuring that fires can be extinguished quickly and effectively at an early stage.
3.3 Application scenarios
American standard fire extinguishers are widely used in commercial, industrial, residential and other places. Its scope of application includes the extinguishing of various ignition sources such as combustible liquids, gases, and electrical equipment to protect people's lives and property.
3.4 Technical Specifications
The American Standard requires that fire extinguishers must meet the requirements of NFPA 10, including appearance, performance, and operational requirements. The standard also puts forward detailed provisions on the regular inspection and maintenance of fire extinguishers to ensure that they perform their best results at critical moments.
Fourth, the comparison of the three standards.4.1 Product model comparisonThere are certain differences between the national standard, the European standard and the American standard in the product model of the fire extinguisher. Both the national standard and the European standard include common models such as ABC, carbon dioxide, and foam, while the American standard emphasizes more subdivided fire extinguisher types, such as BC type, AB type, etc., to better adapt to the fire extinguishing needs of different fire sources.
4.2 Comparison of application scenarios
The three standards have similarities for the application scenarios of fire extinguishers, and are widely applicable to homes, commercial buildings, industrial facilities, etc.
However, due to the different characteristics of fire sources and fire extinguishing needs in different places, there are some differences in the details of the standard. For example, the American standard pays more attention to the fire extinguishing of electrical equipment, while the European standard emphasizes the extinguishing of metal fire sources.
4.3 Comparison of technical specifications
In terms of technical specifications, all three standards have detailed regulations on the appearance, performance, test methods, etc. of fire extinguishers to ensure that they can operate reliably in emergency situations.
However, there are some differences in specific test methods and performance indicators, reflecting different concerns about fire extinguisher performance in different regions.
V. Conclusions.In general, there are some differences between the national standard, the European standard and the American standard in terms of fire extinguisher standards, but they all aim to ensure that the fire extinguisher can be extinguished quickly and effectively in the early stage of the fire.
In today's globalized world, it is crucial for fire extinguisher manufacturers and users to understand and follow the standards of different countries and regions to ensure that fire extinguishers can perform optimally in all environments.
It is hoped that in the future, international standards can be more unified and jointly promote the continuous improvement of fire prevention and control.
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