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Mongolia, 2020.
Spring returns to the earth, everything is renewed, and a document is born, shaking the whole country.
Decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mongolia has decided to completely change its script!
This vigorous "text reform" has been launched and is expected to be fully completed in 2025. At that time, the words on all official documents of Mongolia will change, and a new chapter will be opened as a result of this change, both in daily communication and in the work of the United Nations.
Some say that this is not actually a reform, but a long-awaited return. Returning to the Mongolian language is the most urgent wish of the Mongolian people, and at that time, Mongolia can directly connect with China's Inner Mongolia ......
Special case: three scripts coexist
As an independent sovereign state, what kind of script does Mongolia use?
For this question, the vast majority of people will answer without thinking: Mongolian. But in fact, this answer is both correct and wrong, because Mongolia's Mongolian system is far more complex than people think.
The only thing that is certain is that for a long time in the past, Mongolia abandoned its traditional script.
Born and raised in the steppe, the Mongolian people are a typical nomadic people, and did not have their own language at first. It was only after the conquest of the Uighurs that they requisitioned the Uighur script and adapted it to form their own script: the Uighur Mongolian script.
The long river of history rushed forward, and the Uighur Mongolian script withstood the test. Beginning in 1204, it was modified and adjusted several times, and finally became a symbol of Mongolian culture. As we all know, today's Mongolia was once a pearl on the map of our country, connected with Inner Mongolia.
Later, although Mongolia became independent, the bloodline of language and writing was never severed. Therefore, both in Inner Mongolia in China and in Mongolia today, the Uighur Mongolian script is a traditional script shared by them.
However, in Mongolia, the Uighur Mongolian script was abandoned for a long time. In the place of the Uighur Mongolian script, two new scripts were created: Cyrillic and Latin. Among them, the former has more influence and is the most widely used.
And both of these words, without exception, are the products of politics. More preparatively, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, which swept the world after World War II, was the main reason for the creation of these two words.
From the moment of their birth, they were no longer mere tools, but "medals of honor" nailed to the land of Mongolia by two great powers.
Cyrillic Mongol is a symbol of Slavic culture, while Latin Mongol is a vassal of European and American culture.
After the October Revolution, the Soviet Union overthrew Tsarist Russia**, and in order to erase the cultural symbols brought by Tsarist Russia, it took the lead in writing words. After 1936, the Soviet minorities abandoned the long-standing Latin script in favor of the Cyrillic alphabet.
During the Cold War, the power of the Soviet Union in Asia was immeasurable. The Soviet Union's script reform became the biggest external factor influencing the Mongolian script reform, and the Cyrillic Mongolian script was not only an innovation in the script, but also a sign of submission.
In the past, there was a fierce debate within Mongolia about the direction of the text reform, and there were even cases where a resolution was issued and then revoked within a month.
In March 1941, Mongolia** issued an official statement saying that the Latin Mongolian script had phonetic defects. On the surface, this is a contest for the merits of the word, but in fact, the choice of words reflects the direction of the political wind.
Whoever worships as the big brother, whoever uses the words, this is the most simple and crude allegiance performance.
As it turned out, Mongolia at that time chose the Soviet Union. In 1946, Cyrillic Mongol officially became the official language of Mongolia.
But after the end of the Cold War, the situation was reversed.
The Soviet Union collapsed, and the United States became the world's only superpower. Mongolia then adjusted its foreign strategy, and under the influence of the "third neighbor" strategy, Latin Mongolia returned to the world. In addition, the rise of the Internet has also provided the necessary conditions for the counterattack of Latin Mongolian.
Compared to Cyrillic, Latin is easier to type. This means that in the field of online communication, Latin Mongolian is bound to be more convenient and convenient.
As a result, Cyrillic Mongwen and Latin Mongul have become the number one opponents side by side, and in order to conquer the city and win more discourse, they have launched an all-round competition.
However, in the corner where no one is paying attention, the Uighur Mongwen is also silently exerting its strength.
A Difficult Journey: The Return of the Uighur Mongols
For Mongolia, this competition between Cyrillic and Latin Mongolian is a kind of sadness.
Both Mongolian scripts are imported and symbolize the infiltration of Mongolian culture by other cultures. To put it bluntly, whoever wins, it is Mongolia that loses.
The Mongols know that only the Uighur Mongolian language is truly their own.
Thus, with the continuous development of the country, a vigorous Uighur Mongolian revival movement began.
In fact, as early as the end of the Cold War, calls for the restoration of the Uighur Mongolian language grew louder and louder. However, the road to recovery has been long and obstructive, lasting for several years, before today's results have been achieved.
It turned out that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia stood at a crossroads in history, and there was an opportunity to restore the Uighur Mongolian script.
At that time, the restoration of the Uighur Mongolian script became the greatest demand of all Mongolian people.
However, despite the urgency that was in place, the objective conditions of the country did not keep up.
Mongolia had just broken away from the control of the Soviet Union, and neither the financial nor the printing technology could meet the needs of the writing reform, and even the teachers could not keep up. Therefore, this plan can only be regrettably put on hold.
However, the Mongols did not give up and in 1995 drew up a national plan. The national plan clearly stated that the Uighur language would be fully restored on a 10-year cycle.
Sadly, the plan ended in discoloration.
There are two main reasons for the delay in the recovery of the Uighur Mongolian language.
First, ** is really more than enough but not enough.
For an independent sovereign country, economic development is the most important task. Only with banknotes in hand can you be full of confidence. In addition to the economy, it is also necessary to make bold diplomacy on the premise of ensuring domestic stability and enhance its position on the world stage.
One economy, one politics, has almost exhausted all the energy of Mongolia.
Language is important, but it is still a little inferior in terms of priority. Therefore, ** could not divide the superfluous forces to promote the return of the Uighur Mongolian language in an all-round way.
Second, it is not easy to change the Xi of the masses.
Although Cyrillic Mongol is a product of Soviet cultural bullying, it has become so integrated into the daily lives of ordinary people that it is not only unrealistic, but can also be counterproductive and cause social unrest.
The combination of these two causes and the restoration of the Uighur Mongolian language became a protracted battle.
However, this phase of reform has not been without its results. At least on some special occasions that symbolize national strength, the Uighur Mongolian script has completely replaced the Cyrillic Mongolian script, such as the national seal, plaque, official seal, etc.
The Mongols are waiting for the perfect time to allow spring to be ushered in in the Uighur Mongolian language.
Finally, the time has come.
In 2010, when Mongolia's latest concept was promulgated, people were surprised to find that the restoration of the Uighur Mongolian script had been elevated to the level of protection. Five years later, the Language Law was enacted, and the Uighur Mongolian language was legally unbeatable and secured.
After several years of ups and downs, this is the first blow of 2020.
Mongolia issued a decree to completely change the script by 2025 to allow the Uighur Mongolian script to return to Mongolia. This time, Mongolia has changed the words on its birth certificate, marriage certificate, and graduation certificate, which shows its determination.
Interestingly, this incident is also inextricably linked to China.
Profound meaning: behind the words
Changing the text is an internal affair of Mongolia. But this time, China also exploded in the pot, and the discussion was in full swing.
It turns out that this text reform, which has finally taken root, will also have an impact on China.
To put it most intuitively, after the completion of the script reform, Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia will be able to use the Uighur Mongolian language and communicate without barriers. Some people say that this movement of Mongolian writing is essentially a huge "conspiracy".
With the help of the text reform, Mongolia has its own careful thinking, but unlike the conspiracy of the secret poke, everyone can see the Mongolian idea, and this is exactly what Mongolia needs.
It's not that I'm afraid that China will understand, but I'm afraid that China won't understand!
Sharing words, sharing words, it's an extremely intimate thing. With the resumption of the Uighur Mongolian script, Mongolia's relationship with Inner Mongolia is bound to become even closer, which also means that Mongolia's relations with China will also be even higher.
In recent years, China and Mongolia have been engaged in economic cooperation, and China is one of Mongolia's most important partners. China is not only a major exporter to Mongolia, but also occupies an absolute position in Mongolia's foreign economic and trade cooperation. Mongolia wants to further expand its overseas markets, and it cannot do without China's help.
Mongolia is a typical landlocked country and does not have its own access to the sea, which brings great restrictions to the overall development of Mongolia.
If Mongolian goods are to be sold across the ocean, they can only rely on the Chinese port of Tianjin.
In addition to **, China is also one of the largest investors in Mongolia. China has reached a number of mineral cooperation agreements with Mongolia, not only assisting Mongolia in mining, buying Mongolian mineral products, but also helping Mongolia build a series of infrastructure.
It is no exaggeration to say that in the economic sphere, Mongolia is fundamentally inseparable from China.
China's economy is taking off, and Mongolia is ready to hug its thighs and maintain closer economic ties with China. And the same language is the best means to bring about this beautiful thing.
In addition, this is also Mongolia's political overture to China.
Since the end of the Cold War, Mongolia has been trying to hype up a political concept called a "third neighbor." This concept is closely related to the geographical location of Mongolia. Mongolia actually has only two neighbors, one is China and the other is Russia.
Whether it is China or Russia, they are all out-and-out big powers. Therefore, Mongolia was worried and feared that it would be threatened, so it proposed to develop a "third neighbor" in the political sense on a global scale. To put it bluntly, it is to find a big brother everywhere to cover himself and deter China and Russia.
Mongolia's "third neighbor" has been hyped up vigorously, and it seems that it is extremely unfriendly to China, but in fact, Mongolia does not dare to offend China at all, but just wants to play a balance among the major powers and gain more benefits.
With the popularization of the Uighur Mongolian language, the political ties between China and Mongolia will be further strengthened, and Mongolia will be able to show its friendship to China and quietly negotiate with the United States.
And these considerations are all Mongolia's "yang conspiracy"...
References: 1. Mongolia will fully resume the use of Uighur Mongolian from 2025.
2, Yang Fucheng, buy Rufujiang Tursunjiang. On the full resumption of the use of Uighur Mongolian script in Mongolia[J].China Nationalities Expo, 2021, (14):128-130
3. Wang Hao1, Guo Yihua2Mongolia advocates the restoration of the meaning of the Uighur Mongolian script[J].World Knowledge, 2020, (Issue 2).
4. Bayinjirigala. Mongolian Traditional Culture and Writing Reform[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Humanities. Social Science Edition), 1999, (No. 3).