Start planning my 2024 3D printing is a molding technology based on a digital model and shaping a physical object through the gradual superposition of a series of material layers. Compared with the traditional manufacturing industry, 3D printing has many advantages such as diverse production models, convenience and low manufacturing cost, and has been applied in construction, medical, shipbuilding, industrial molds and other fields, and the market is showing a rapid growth trend. As the industry ecosystem accelerates, 3D printing will be deeply popularized in more fields in the future. However, by combing through the news information reported publicly, it was found that in 2013, American college students used 3D printing equipment to manufacture 3D printed guns, and in 2022, Hong Kong ** inspected 3D printed firearms and printing tools. As a new form of 3D printing, while it is popular in the market and society, the hidden dangers it brings should not be underestimated, and how to govern it has become a key and difficult issue in the field of new forms of public security. (1) The scale of the industry continues to expand.
According to industry statistics, the scale of China's 3D printing industry will exceed 40 billion yuan in 2023, becoming an important process of modern manufacturing, and the direct production of terminal parts has made significant progress in aerospace, automotive, medical, mold and other industries, and gradually expanded to personalized wear and other fields closely related to individuals. The Yangtze River Delta region has good economic development advantages, location conditions and manufacturing base, and has initially formed a whole 3D printing industry chain including materials, equipment and services. According to incomplete statistics, there are 7 enterprises and 1 school (Pinghu Vocational High School) using 3D printing technology in Pinghu, with a total of 135 units.
2) Changes in the industry bring more security risks.
A considerable part of the public security risks brought about by 3D printing originate from the special industries managed by the public security organs. For example, the official seal of the enterprise, the handcuff key of the public security organ, etc. Once measured or scanned, these items can be fully replicated using 3D modelling techniques, resulting in a flood of replicas that can have a significant impact on existing management systems. At present, there is a lack of relevant legal basis, and the public security organs are in a blank period for the supervision of 3D printing, which may lead to more serious public security problems.
3) The industry base is not clear.
Special industries refer to industries that are easily exploited by illegal and criminal persons due to the content and nature of their business operations in the service industry, and require specific public security management measures. From the perspective of the current situation of special industry management, the public security organs have a relatively comprehensive grasp of the basic information of special industries and can cope with management needs. Due to the lack of clear regulations, the management of 3D printing public security is based on the management of special industries or traditional printing industries, and has not yet been registered in the public security organs, and the major platforms have not shared information with the local public security organs, which lacks legal basis, and information sharing is difficultIf 3D printing enterprises and practitioners do not take the initiative to register, it is difficult and inefficient to obtain data only by relying on police rankings, and data updates may not be timely. The base of 3D printing equipment, services, and materials is not clear, and the data is not fresh, so it is difficult to find and manage all kinds of potential safety hazards in time.
4) The threshold for manufacturing firearms has been lowered.
High-precision data models of dangerous goods such as guns are disseminated online and offline in a disorderly manner, and are obtained through online **, physical scanning, purchase, etc., which is easy to provide convenient conditions for 3D printing technology to manufacture illegal and criminal tools. During the investigation, the author tried to search for the name of the pistol as a keyword, and after screening, he still succeeded in finding the unencrypted model file and printing instructions. Employees take advantage of the opportunity to come into contact with 3D printing equipment at work to manufacture dangerous goods such as guns without permission;Criminals or criminal organizations have premeditated and organized production and trafficking of firearms, carried out violent criminal activities involving guns, and stolen or purchased 3D printing equipment to manufacture firearms on a large scale.
5) The market for dangerous goods is more circulating.
With the wide range of fields involved in 3D printing, raw materials are constantly enriched, and they are lost in manufacturing, sales, storage, and use, and are easily used to manufacture dangerous goods. The difference between 3D printing molded items is mainly in the use of printing raw materials, and the key to the breakthrough of 3D printing technology also lies in the innovation of raw materials. At present, 3D printing materials have covered more than 100 kinds of materials such as metal, gypsum, alloy, ceramics, sand and gravel. These materials are not difficult to obtain in daily life, and can be obtained at a very small cost.
6) Endangering human health.
On the one hand, 3D printing produces a large amount of "ultrafine particles" in the process of printing with thermoplastics, metals, ceramics and other materials. When using 3D printers in closed and unventilated rooms, high concentrations of particulate matter can cause harm to human health and cause diseases. On the other hand, the profitability brought by 3D printing to accelerate the circulation of goods may stimulate violators to reduce costs, manufacture and sell problematic food and drugs, and pose a threat to people's lives, health and safety.
The risk brought by 3D printing is rooted in the asynchronous dilemma of governance caused by technological progress faster than institutional update. Red Star Tan suggested that the control mechanism and preventive measures for the negative effects of 3D printing technology should be studied and established in advance, so as to achieve pre-assessment, early prevention, keep pace with the times, and steadily promote social management.