In 1952, during the Korean War, Portugal, which was entrenched in Macao, took advantage of the situation and bombarded our national flag, causing 32 people**. After hearing the news, he was furious and said bluntly: "Destroy them!".”
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, China announced to the world that it would not recognize a series of unequal treaties signed by the Qing Dynasty, and that Hong Kong and Macao had been China's territory since ancient times.
Why does Portugal, which has different thoughts about China, dare to be so arrogant?How did this Portuguese soldier, who didn't know the height of the sky, end up?
After the opening of the new shipping route, Portugal, as a seafaring nation that eats crabs, coveted the Macao region as early as 1553.
During the Ming Dynasty, although the Portuguese were allowed to do business in the Macau area, foreigners were also strictly forbidden to stay here for a long time.
In order to grab benefits in the Macao area, Portugal gradually found that most of the Ming Dynasty assistants in Macao were greedy for money and lustful, and simply leased "part of the Macao area" for 500 taels a year.
On this basis, Portugal has developed Macao into a leading port. After 1577, most of Macau was under Portuguese control.
Portugal's ambition to occupy Macao was clearly revealed. In 1622, Portugal, which had originally "leased" Macao, took advantage of the unpreparedness of Macao's garrison to build a city wall in Macao, intending to develop Macao into a "country within a state".
Portugal, which vainly attempted to establish a city-state, even set up a special administrative structure in Macao, and then wantonly sent troops to forcibly occupy the Macao region by force.
The Ming Dynasty, which receives heavy bribes from Macao every year, the so-called "eating people's mouths and taking people's hands short", naturally will not make a move against the grapes and destroy this tacit understanding of conventions.
As a result, the Ming Dynasty could only follow the example of the Portuguese and build a gate in Macao as a fortification, and use this to distinguish the Macao area occupied by the Grape people.
In 1840, the Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Nanking with the British, and it was logical to occupy Hong Kong Island. Seeing this, Portugal naturally wanted to justifiably own the sovereignty of Macao.
Therefore, on the occasion of the invasion of China by the Eight-Nation Alliance, Portugal, which took advantage of the fire and robbery, directly dispatched troops to cross the "customs gates" and occupy two nearby islands, and then signed the "Sino-Portuguese Lisbon Treaty" with the Qing Dynasty.
The treaty stipulates that Portugal will set up Macao as a legal country and that Portugal** will have the right to be permanently resident in Macau.
After the development of the Anti-Japanese War, the Portuguese garrison in Macao gradually advanced the "customs gate" border to Chinese mainland, and set up sentry patrols outside the border gate, not allowing China to stay in the area.
Even after witnessing the founding of the People's Republic of China, Portugal still did not evacuate its garrison outside the gates. In order to prevent an armed conflict with the Portuguese garrison, the Chinese side, which was not in a hurry to recover Macao, separated a separate zone in the middle.
Neither the Chinese defenders nor the Portuguese garrisons were allowed to cross the middle ground according to the regulations.
In 1950, after China decided to send troops to Korea, Portugal began to make a move again, taking advantage of China's current focus on North Korea to expand its control in Macau.
On July 25, 1952, Portugal**, unable to contain its ambitions, signaled a black Portuguese mercenary to push the beacon "Trojan horse" placed in the isolation zone towards Chinese mainland.
* After receiving the urgent military information from the sentry at the gate, the Military Commission clearly ordered: "Don't take the initiative to cause trouble, but don't be afraid of it, and be reasonable, evidence-based, and responsible!"”
Zhao Xue, a border guard stationed at the gate, immediately signaled the black mercenaries of the Grape People to stop advancing the "Trojan Horse". But instead of listening to the persuasion, the black mercenaries gathered another squad and continued to push the Trojan horse.
Seeing that the black mercenaries ignored the warning, the Chinese sentries had no choice but to take strong measures to stop them, but unexpectedly, the black mercenaries attacked with bayonets, resulting in the death of Xing Qi, the deputy company commander of the Chinese company, and Su Guangzhao, the soldier.
After the armed clashes, the black mercenaries also took out their machine guns and prepared to strafe, but the Chinese personnel naturally did not retreat, and also detonated grenades in the middle area, hoping to stop the excesses of the black mercenaries.
The black mercenaries, who were not frightened by the grenades, pulled the trigger and began to strafe when they heard the sound of the shells, and also fired dozens of shells in a row at the Gongbei area of Macao, causing the Chinese flag to be blown up.
The shootout lasted from 6 p.m. to 8 p.m., during which time more than a dozen houses in the Gongbei area were destroyed, killing 32 Chinese soldiers.
The original magnanimous *** has always adhered to the principle of "big countries are strict, small countries are lenient", thinking that Portugal is a small country, and there is no need to make things big and develop to the point of being out of control.
But after hearing that Portugal bombarded the Chinese flag and also killed and wounded 32 Chinese soldiers, he was furious, and the marshal gave a death order that they must be eliminated.
After the outbreak of the "border incident", how did China and Portugal resolve this violent dispute?
In 1952, Portugal provoked an artillery battle in Macao, and the People's Liberation Army cried for 6 days and asked the Portuguese side to apologize.
After confronting the Grape Mercenaries, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee immediately ordered the immediate closure of the border gates, prohibiting the entry and exit of any Chinese and Portuguese personnel.
The 29th Regiment of the Public Security Frontier also received an order from the Military Commission to convene an operational meeting to prepare for the Portuguese garrison in response to its artillery offensive.
During the six-day battle, two high-ranking Portuguese officers were killed in the face of Chinese artillery fire, and the mercenaries stationed in Macao immediately fell into a leaderless chaos, and the number of dead and wounded ordinary soldiers increased day by day.
Seeing that it was defeated by the Chinese People's Liberation Army head-on, Portugal even took out the "Sino-Portuguese Lisbon Treaty" signed with the Qing Dynasty and began to "reason" with China!
Not only that, Portugal, which wants to crush China with the help of international **, has also kept spreading rumors internationally, pouring the dirty water that took the initiative to provoke an artillery war between the two countries on China.
In the 50s, Western countries naturally helped Portugal speak, and the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea had not completely ended, and Portugal's move triggered a lot of anti-China waves in the world.
Among the military alliances formed by Portugal, Britain was the most supportive of Portugal and the country with the most distinct anti-China attitude.
As early as 1949, during the battle of crossing the river, the British ** ship Purple Quartz was defeated by the People's Liberation Army, and Britain has been holding its breath in its heart.
As for forming a military alliance with Portugal, one entrenched in Hong Kong and the other occupying Macao, Britain and Portugal naturally wanted to unite on the issue of safeguarding the sovereignty of their overseas colonies, and a little carelessness would give China the upper hand.
With the strong support of Britain, Portugal is also very confident, bluntly saying that if China "suffers hard to force each other", Britain will definitely not sit idly by, and then China will face the Anglo-Portuguese alliance.
Intending to threaten China by force, which had not yet extricated itself from the Korean battlefield, Portugal was able to say that it was a good plan.
Not long after Britain shouted for Portugal, the United States, which was watching the excitement from the sidelines, did not think it was a big deal, and then exchanged views with Chiang Kai-shek, and quickly stopped the military exercises in the Taiwan Strait area, and drove all the ** to the waters of Hong Kong to help Portugal.
The United States, which is trying to amplify the "shut-off incident" and intends to interfere in China's internal affairs, will naturally not miss this God-given opportunity.
After harassing the People's Liberation Army (PLA) from time to time, the United States decided that the Chinese side would die down and suffer this dumb loss.
Portugal, which was almost already celebrating the fruits of its victory, did not expect that the Chinese side did not show any signs of "Mingjin withdrawing troops" at all, but was still greatly increasing its troops, and was not at all worried about angering the United States and Britain.
Portugal, which is far away in Europe, does not occupy any advantageous conditions if it wants to cross half the world to confront China head-on.
The Portuguese ** stationed in Macao was suddenly anxious, and in a hurry, he even thought of blockading the whole of Macao, using the residents of Macao as a shield.
Portugal**, which was in turmoil, knew very well that the Chinese People's Liberation Army would not bomb indiscriminately, so it adopted the method of "closing the country to the mainland" and severing some of all ties with the mainland, in an attempt to evade China's accountability by shrinking its head and turtle.
However, it is clear that Portugal did not take into account the actual situation in Macau, a densely populated area with a pitiful amount of arable land available and completely unable to achieve self-sufficiency.
**After learning about Portugal's "shrinking turtle" tactic, it also gave countermeasures according to local conditions.
Since the Portuguese are reluctant to go out, then China will help the grape people again, cut off their supplies, and at the same time occupy their main roads to see how long the grape people can hold out.
Almost all kinds of materials rely on the inland, and Macao, which is accessible in all directions, obviously does not have long-term hematopoietic function.
After being completely isolated from the rest of the world, Macao's supplies have skyrocketed, and residents are struggling to even maintain their daily lives. Panicked residents, spontaneously fled to Hong Kong in small groups.
The Portuguese authorities in Macao have been strongly criticized by the citizens, which has greatly shaken the foundation of Portuguese rule in Macao.
Seeing that the chaotic situation in Macao was about to get completely out of control, Portugal** had to send Ma Man-kei, vice president of the Australia-Chinese Chamber of Commerce, to convey the views of the peace talks to China**.
Portugal, which has no intention of escalating the situation further, hopes to resolve the situation in Macao as soon as possible through negotiations.
After receiving the message of Portugal's request for peace, the marshal immediately ordered the lifting of the blockade of Macao, taking into account the living conditions of the Macao compatriots, but the Chinese side also put forward three conditions for Portugal.
In the face of Portugal, which took the initiative to bow its head, what three conditions did China put forward?How did this farce, which was provoked by Portugal, end up?
In 1952, Portuguese mercenaries shelled ** people, blew up the Chinese flag, refused to apologize, China closed the gates, and the Portuguese side apologized for 400 million in compensation.
Seeing that Portugal took the initiative to sue for peace, the marshal then convened a combat meeting to discuss matters related to the joint talks.
However, most of the cadres did not want to negotiate with the two-faced Portugal, and bluntly said that the strength of one division would be enough to drive the Portuguese out of Macao and recover them directly.
Ye Shuai advised everyone to calm down, if China insists on sending troops in disregard of Portugal's request for peace talks, it is very likely to be sanctioned by the international community, and the United States will definitely take advantage of this to make a big fuss, claiming that China is provoking the "three wars".
In addition, Macao residents are also compatriots of the Chinese nation, and those who forcibly send troops will surely be ruined and dragged Macao residents to accompany them to the funeral, and it is the sons and daughters of China who will suffer in the end, and some of the gains will outweigh the losses.
Although some cadres suggested that they could take this opportunity to directly recover Macao, both *** and *** believed that there was no rush to recover Macao, and that it was urgent to properly handle the "gate incident."
After much deliberation, the Chinese side adopted a lenient attitude on the "border incident" and put forward three non-negotiable conditions to Portugal.
First, Portugal must promise that there will never be an armed conflict similar to the "gate incident" in the future, and that it will no longer touch the buffer zone.
Second, Portugal** must also apologize for the "border incident", admit its fault to the international community, and give a written explanation.
Finally, for the losses caused by the "Border Gate Incident" to the Chinese people, Portugal must compensate China with 4.4 billion old coins.
Hearing China's demand for an apology and reparations from Portugal, the Portuguese governor immediately objected, claiming that the first condition could be agreed, but Articles 2 and 3 seriously damaged Portugal's international face and would never agree.
Under the entrustment of the Macao Economic Bureau's Director Lo Po, the President of the Macao Chamber of Commerce, Ho Yin, and the Vice President of the Macao Chamber of Commerce, Ma Manqi, have held several negotiations with the Deputy Secretary of the Hong Kong and Macao Working Committee, Huang Shimin, and the Director of Foreign Affairs of Guangdong Province.
Due to the fact that Portugal's tone was far from what the Chinese side demanded, the progress of the negotiations was very slow.
He Xian and Ma Wanqi said bluntly to Luo Bao: "You are an old friend of the Chamber of Commerce, we don't need to go around in circles with you, if you don't change the ** degree, it will be useless for us to run a hundred times again!."”
In order to make China make concessions, Portugal, which has repeated its old tricks, once again approached the United Kingdom, hoping that Britain will come forward to ease the deadlock in the negotiations.
However, in the face of the United Kingdom, the Chinese side did not make concessions, bluntly saying that these three conditions are China's bottom line, and Portugal must show due sincerity if it wants to resolve the dispute peacefully.
With the influx of more and more Macao residents into Hong Kong, Britain also realized at this time that the Sino-Portuguese conflict had indirectly damaged Britain's established interests.
As prices in Hong Kong also began to rise, residents were terrified and rumours spread, and the British stopped supporting Portugal.
After 17 rounds of negotiations, Portugal finally submitted an apology to China on 23 August 1952, admitting its mistake and promising not to provoke a dispute over the buffer zone.
At the same time, Portugal also withdrew the cordon of the garrison by 50 meters and paid 4.4 billion old coins to China, and the "gate incident" was successfully resolved.
The victory of the "Border Gate Incident" was the first victory in the border conflict of the People's Republic of China, which demonstrated China's determination to defend its land and deterred neighboring countries with ulterior motives. Although the Chinese side was unable to recover Macao directly this time, it also laid a solid foundation for the return of Macao and broke the imperialist conspiracy of Portugal and Britain.