Feng Qinzai was born on April 11, 1889. Formerly known as Jing Gui, also known as Jingyi, later renamed Jingye, the word Qinzai, Shanxi Wanquan South Xue Dynasty Village. Born in an ordinary farming family, his family has been farming for generations, and his life is hard. He participated in field work since he was a child, and developed a diligent and simple style"Coarse tea and bad rice"is famous in the Northwest Army, and every staff member Hakka will speak out"Rice coarse"And pull it into the restaurant;Cherishing money, trafficking merchants has become an important part of their military life, which is quite despised by the Shaanxi people. He is upright and stubborn, rude and unthinking, and violent like fire, often having trouble with colleagues. When he was a child, in a fit of rage, he pulled out the glass bead eyes of the Buddha statue in the temple, which made the whole family panic and had to drive him out of the house. He likes calligraphy, practices calligraphy every day, perseveres, but does not achieve much, and is rejected every time he takes the initiative to inscribe for others. He has lived in Shaanxi since he was a young man, and his language is also ** and two-voiced, and he loves the local opera Qin dialect in Shaanxi, and founded it"Yongmin Society"The troupe, love is like a pearl in the palm of the hand, often pulling people and even forcing people to watch his plays, hearing the sound of praise, improvising elation, and even entertaining the audience with refreshments. After the liberation, his classmate friend Nan Hanchen once wrote to Xu Bing, the minister of the Communist Party of China, saying: Qin Zai is simple-minded and a rough person.
In the 32nd year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906), he entered the Hongdao School in Yuncheng to study, and in the first year of Xuantong (1909), he was introduced by his friends Wang Bichen and Li Zhengqing to join the China League and participated in the brewing of the bourgeois democratic revolution. In the following year, he was admitted to Taiyuan Shanxi Excellent Normal School.
On October 29, 1911, during the Taiyuan Uprising, Feng joined the student team to take to the streets to maintain order. Later, he returned to his hometown to organize the armed forces and established the Wanquan County Independent Brigade and served as the captain. The following year, China ** was established, and he returned to Taiyuan to continue his education. He enlisted in the army in the summer of 1913 and served as quartermaster of the second battalion of the cavalry regiment directly under the provisional division of the Shanxi Army in the winter of the same year. Seeing that Yan Xishan was colluding with Yuan Shikai, Feng broke away from the Jin army in February 1914 and arrived in the Suiyuan Special Zone to plan to fight Yuan, and organized the Jiangbei Marshal's Mansion in Guisui (the name of the old city, now Hohhot). In June, he rebelled in Baotou, launched a war against Yuan, attacked Kong Gengzhi's ninth division, and withdrew back to Jin because of lack of support, and was wanted by Yuan Shikai and Yan Xishan, and crossed the river into Shaanxi.
In December 1915, Yuan Shikai was proclaimed emperor, and Feng and Xu Xifeng, Shi Kexuan, Li Qishan and others raised troops against Yuan. The rebel army fought back to Shanxi, connected several cities, and was defeated by the Yan army at night. After that, Feng traveled to Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan and other places to contact people with lofty ideals in order to make a comeback.
In 1917, he visited Sun Yat-sen in Shanghai in the name of the representative of Yuan Jun in Shanxi. Later, he went to Xi'an and planned with Geng Zhi, the commander of the Shaanxi Provincial Garrison, to expel Chen Shufan, the governor of Shaanxi. Geng Zhi launched the Xi'an Uprising in December and established Shaanxi Jing**. In August of the following year, all parts of Shaanxi were unified into six routes, and Feng served as the commander of the model company of the fourth detachment of the third road, and at the invitation of Yang Hucheng, he was transferred to the first detachment of the Yang Department as the commander of the third battalion. In the siege of the coalition forces of the eight provinces of the Beiyang warlords, he participated in the battles of Qianxian, Ma Wei, and Wugong, fought bravely and well, and was relied on by Yang Hucheng as the main force. When all the Jing ** accepted the warlord adaptation, he adhered to the Jing ** banner with Yang in martial arts.
In July 1922, he went to northern Shaanxi with Yang for training. In the spring of 1925, Yang led his troops south to Guanzhong as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy of the Nationalist Army in northern Shaanxi, and responded to the battle of Hu Jingyi's Second Army of the Nationalist Army against Liu Zhenhua's Han Yukun in western Henan, and participated in the attack on Ma Zhenwu's troops commanded by Liu Zhenhua. In the summer of the same year, Yang was organized into the 3rd Division of the 3rd Army of the Nationalist Army, and Feng served as the commander of the 6th Brigade of the 3rd Division, leading his troops to pursue Wu Xintian's 7th Division and annihilate it on the south bank of the Wei River.
In 1926, in the arduous struggle to hold Xi'an, he was responsible for defending Xi'an Dongcheng and Dongguan, the key points of the Zhensong army's attack, and repelled the enemy's open and secret attacks many times, and completed the task brilliantly.
In the spring of 1927, Feng served as the commander of the 1st Division of the 10th Army of the Yang Hucheng Division of the Second Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and went out of the customs to participate in the Northern Expedition War, and launched the Battle of Eastern Henan with Zhang Zongchang, Chu Yupu, Sun Chuanfang, etc. Feng Bu was the vanguard and inflicted a large number of casualties on the enemy. Later, it was moved to Taihe, northern Anhui, and Luyi, Henan.
In 1928, the Tenth Army was reduced to the 21st Division, and Feng served as the commander of the 1st Brigade of the division. In the spring of 1929, he participated in the command of Jiaodong to suppress bandits, and cut off more than 10,000 habitual bandits of Liu Guitang and Gu Zhen within ten days. In the autumn of the same year, the troops moved to Nanyang and became involved in a warlord melee. In the war between Chiang and Feng, he used to be the main force in a long-distance attack on Zhumadian, dealing a devastating blow to Tang Shengzhi's armyDuring the Central Plains War, he participated in the attack on Luoyang and other battles. During this period, the Nanjing National ** reorganized Yang Hucheng's department several times, and finally Yang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the 17th Route Army, and Feng was also promoted to the commander of the 71st Division for his merits.
In April 1931, the 71st Division was changed to the 42nd Division, and Feng was still the division commander.
In 1932, Shaanxi drought for many years, people fled, land was cheap, Feng bought 2,000 acres of land in Dali to supplement the army, he also personally bought hundreds of acres of land in Xi'an to establish the Northwest Tongji Trust Co., Ltd. and Yutai Yarn Factory, in Jingyang, Meixian and other places to open 5 stores.
In the winter of 1929, the war between Chiang and Feng broke out, and Tang Shengzhi suddenly lost ground in December after repelling the main force of Feng's army west of Luoyang"Commander-in-Chief of the Protector of the Party and Salvation"In the name of sending a telegram, he turned against Chiang, went south from Pinghan Road, attacked Wuhan, and set up the headquarters in Zhumadian. Chiang Kai-shek was very panicked, and personally went to Wuhan to preside over the Tang army, and ordered Yang to flank the right flank of the Tang army. Chiang didn't have much hope for Yang. After Yang was ordered, with the first brigade of Feng Qinzai's department as the main force, he led his division eastward"I'll take the lead for us, you can answer in the back, and come to him and Li Yuxue to attack Caizhou at night. "The troops marched 200 miles in two days and nights to reach their destination, and took advantage of the night to sneak attack Zhumadian. On New Year's Day 1930, it was completely occupied, Feng was ordered to participate in the pursuit, and the Tang army was completely wiped out. Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to promote Feng to a higher level and reward him for his labor, and when Chiang went to Zhumadian to offer condolences, he also summoned Feng Qinzai and rewarded him with 20,000 yuan. Said to Feng in public"Your team is playing well and is a strong general. "He patted his chest and said to Jiang"Let's fight Shanxi, I'll beat Yan Xishan!"At that time, Chiang Kai-shek and Yan were still torn apart, and this remark made Chiang Kai-shek very embarrassed and speechless. After that, Feng came to the attention of Chiang Kai-shek.
In 1931, when Chiang held a meeting of military generals in Nanjing, he also specially introduced it in public:"This is the brigade commander Feng Qinya, a member of the old league who is now the commander of the 42nd Division"。
Ninety-one-eight"After the incident, Feng Li advocated the resistance against Japan and organized a permanent economic conference against Japan in Dali. There were six or seven thousand participants from all walks of life. Soon, Sun Weiru was ordered to lead his division into Gan and survey Wu Peifu"Military against Japan"Armed rebellion instigated by the banner. Feng Qinzai disagreed, believing that when he went out of the province to fight, he should fight Japan in the north and not in the west. In the winter of that year, he went to Nanjing to attend the Fourth Plenary Session of the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek asked him about Pinggan's situation, and he added a sentence at the end of his answer:"It's a shame to beat it down!"Jiang was puzzled, but he bluntly said what other generals did not dare to talk about in front of the chairman:"The Japanese have already occupied our northeast, and instead of attacking the Japanese, you will fight the common people of Gansu. "Although Jiang felt harsh, he did not have a seizure.
In the spring of 1933, the Japanese army occupied the Rehe River and attacked the Great Wall. In July, He Yingqin ordered the 42nd Division to attack Feng Yuxiang's Chahar People's Anti-Japanese Allied Army. He refused to say:"Commander-in-Chief Feng Yuxiang is anti-Japanese, and I can't beat him;I am his old minister, and I cannot beat him;His surname is Feng, and my surname is Feng, although he is not from his own family, he resists Japan, and I also feel honored, and I can't beat him"(Quoted from "Biography of ** Senior Generals", Episode 2, page 41). At the end of 1934, Shaanxi Province held a meeting, Feng Qinzai (Feng Ren Shaanxi, **Standing Committee) proposed that the following year's Qingming Festival be sacrificed to the Yellow Emperor's Mausoleum by Shaanxi Province, and achieved unanimous consent. In January 1935, he was ordered to command the division and three garrison brigades of Shaanxi Province in the Qinling Mountains on behalf of Yang Hucheng"Blockade"Red Twenty-fifth Army;In March, participated"Encirclement and suppression"The Red Army in the Northwest was defeated.
When the Xi'an Incident occurred, Yang Hucheng was rejected"Stationed in Tongguan to prevent the first army"The order is made to the people **"One is not to be a Communist Party, two is not to support Xiao Zhang (Xueliang), and three is not to fight against the ** army"commitments. And with Liu Zhi telegraphed the whole country to oppose Zhang and Yang. From then on, Feng left Yang and attached himself to Chiang, and his troops were expanded into the 27th Route Army, with Feng as the commander-in-chief. "The Seventy-Seven Incident"Later, he led his troops to the front line and participated in the Battle of Baoding and the Battle of Niangziguan. He led his troops to Hebei to resist the Japanese War and served as the commander of the 14th Army Corps, the deputy commander-in-chief of the 14th Group Army, the acting commander-in-chief and the commander of the 98th Army, the deputy commander of the First Theater, and the chairman of Chahar Province.
In September 1937, the 27th Route Army was renamed the 98th Army and incorporated into the 14th Group Army.
In October 1939, the former commander of the 169th Division, Wu Shimin, took over as the commander. After that, Feng Qinzai was promoted to the deputy commander of the 1st Theater of Operations, and the 98th Army was changed to the 2nd Theater East Route Army (the commander-in-chief of the East Route Army was **) directly under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Mountains. About 200,000 troops were stationed at Mt. Nakajo. Due to insufficient preparation, the huge logistics organs could not be evacuated, the troops could not start the battle, and as a result, they suffered serious losses, more than 20,000 Kuomintang surrendered, more than 40,000 were captured, more than 10,000 people died, and the remaining more than 100,000 were ordered to retreat across the Yellow River.
In 1938, the department was organized into the 14th Army Corps, which was transformed into the 14th Group Army, and fought against the Japanese Kobayashi Wing in Jishan County to recover the county seat. In the southeast of Shanxi, it coordinated with the 18th Group Army led by the CCP and repelled Japanese attacks many times. During this period, it was very close to ** and so on. In the winter of the same year, he was transferred to the post of deputy commander of the First Theater of Operations, but he lost his military power. In the autumn of 1941 (**30) he was appointed chairman of the Chahar province. In the summer of 1945, he was elected as an executive member of the Sixth National Congress of the Kuomintang.
In September of the same year, Feng Qinzai was appointed commander of the 14th Army Corps of the Second Theater of Operations, and the commander-in-chief of the 14th Army in the following month. In the summer of the same year, he served as a consolation envoy in Shanxi. In October, he was appointed deputy commander of the First Theater and stationed in Luoyang. In 1941 (**30), he was appointed chairman of the Chahar province.
In October 1946 (**35) after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the deputy commander of the 11th Theater of Operations. He also served as deputy director of the Zhangjiakou Pacification Office and was elected as a deputy to the Constituent National Assembly. After the outbreak of the civil war, in October 1946, Feng Zeng participated in the military offensive against Zhangjiakou. Later, he successively served as the deputy commander of the 11th Theater of Operations, the deputy director of the Zhangyuan Pacification Office, the deputy director of the Northern Parallel Yuan, and North China"Suppress the total"Deputy Commander-in-Chief. In December 1947 (**36), Feng Qinzai was inaugurated as the deputy director of the North Parallel Yuan, the chairman of the National People's Congress. In August of the following year, he was appointed deputy commander-in-chief of the North China Bandit Suppression General Headquarters (Commander-in-Chief: Fu Zuoyi). In 1948, Chiang used a plane to transport senior personnel to the south, and he refused to accompany him. He actively supported the peaceful liberation of Beiping, and at the invitation of Fu Zuoyi, he went to Yulin, Shaanxi Province to take Deng Baoshan to Beiping, and Deng Baoshan was the plenipotentiary representative of Fu Zuoyi and the representative of the People's Liberation Army"Peace agreements"。
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Feng thought negatively and refused to arrange work for him many times. In 1956, after being introduced by Xue Xiudong and Chu Xichun, he joined the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang and served as a member of the 13th branch of the Beijing Civil Revolutionary Society, and in the winter of the same year, he was appointed as a member of the first Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
In 1957, he was wrongly classified as a rightist and expelled from the Revolutionary Party of the Kuomintang. In the 1958 anti-rightist struggle, Feng Qinzai was branded as a rightist and removed from the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang.
He died at home in Xi'an on January 22, 1963, at the age of 74. In April 1980, the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang confirmed that Feng Qinzai's rightists had been wrongly identified and restored his reputation.