Liu Bei instructed the people Kong Ming concerned about on his deathbed to bring about great changes in five years?
Whether Zhuge Liang is a great man in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", or a great man in the historical materials of "Three Kingdoms" instead of a god, he also has shortcomings. In the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Shu - The Biography of Ma Liang, Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang before his death:"Ma Tan exaggerated, not available, and its test of the king also. But Zhuge Liang didn't listen, and in the end it caused huge losses.
In 223 AD, Liu Bei died, and it can be said that Zhuge Liang assisted the lord and was trustworthy:"Always worried, afraid that it will not work"At this time, Cao Wei devoted his greatest energy to rescuing Sun Wu, and Shu Han's strength had a chance to recover. A.d.
In 227, Zhuge Liang presented Liu Chan with the famous "Teacher's Table", and led his army on the Northern Expedition the following year.
Zhuge Liang's five Northern Expeditions are called in **.
Six out of Qishan"。In 228 AD, Zhuge Liang ordered Zhao Yun, Deng Zhi and others to prepare a false formation, and he led 100,000 real troops to attack Qishan. After setting up camp, he had to transfer troops, and at this time, the general Ma Tan took the initiative to Zhuge Liang to protect the street pavilion. When the other generals present objected, Ma Jian issued a military order. Zhuge Liang trusted Ma Jian very much, appointed Wang Ping as Ma Tan's deputy, and gave him 30,000 people to protect the street pavilion.
After Ma Tan and Wang Ping arrived at the Jieting, Ma Tan prepared to camp on the mountain and set up an ambush, but Wang Ping reminded him that Zhuge Liang had asked him to defend the city, and he thought it was too dangerous to camp on the mountain. However, Ma Yan, who thought he was well versed in the art of war, did not take Wang Ping's suggestion seriously and refused to listen to it. Wang Ping had no choice but to ask Ma Jian to send it to him.
People, Wang Ping took this.
People are deployed at the foot of the mountain.
After Cao Wei's general Zhang He led his army to Jieting, he immediately ordered a siege of the hill where Ma Tan was encamped. At that time, Ma Tan did not know the danger and ordered the soldiers to attack with all their might, thinking that it would be easier to come down from the mountain, but they were all blocked by Zhang He. Not only that, Zhang He also cut off Ma Yan's water source and supplies, even if he wanted to hold on to the top of the mountain, he couldn't hold out for long, and within a few days, his army was in chaos. Zhang He seized the opportunity, gathered the whole army, launched a general attack, and the Shu Han army scattered and fled like a landslide.
Wang Ping asked Ma Tan to place a thousand men at the foot of the mountain at the beginning of the camp, and after learning the news of Ma Tan's defeat, he ordered all the soldiers under his command to beat drums and shout, pretending to attack. Zhang He was deceived and didn't dare to get too close, suspecting that Shu Han had prepared an ambush again. Wang Ping hurriedly seized the opportunity, organized the soldiers to retreat in time, and killed many of the soldiers eliminated by Ma Yan's men.
The street pavilion was lost, and Zhuge Liang had no place to stand, so the army launched a new offensive, and the Shu Han army suffered heavy losses, which directly led to the failure of Zhuge Liang's first northern expedition. Next, Zhuge Liang tearfully beheaded Ma Yan. Regarding Ma Tan's death, there are three different records in the historical book "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms".
In "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms-Shu Shu-Zhuge Liang Biography", Zhuge Liang killed Ma Jian in the same way as in the Three Kingdoms;In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms-Shu Shu-The Biography of Xiang Lang", it is said that Ma Jian escaped, Xiang Lang did not know, Zhuge Liang was furious and dismissed Xiang Lang. According to this story, there are many other stories that circulate among the folk. It is recorded in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms - Book of Shu - The Biography of Ma Liang that Ma Jian died in prison, and Zhuge Liang wept bitterly when he heard it.
These three stories are all from "Three Kingdoms - Shu Shu - Ma Liang Biography", so they are even more confusing. However, some people speculated that it might be as follows: Ma Tan knew that after the street pavilion was lost, he would not escape death, so he absconded in fear of crime. Xiang Lang knew that Ma Tan had escaped, but because of the friendship between the two, he was not punished. Later, Ma Tan was captured, and Zhuge Liang ordered him to be executed, but before Ma Tan could be executed, he died of illness in prison.
Ma Tan disobeyed Zhuge Liang's order and lost the street pavilion, which was undoubtedly a heinous crime. If you want to kill him, it is because the first Northern Expedition to Lost Street Pavilion was a failure. If he shouldn't be killed, it's because Zhuge Liang should bear at least half of the blame for this, he is a leader who makes a mistake in judgment, and he can't put all the blame on the practitioners.
There are two main reasons why Zhuge Liang killed Ma Tan: one is to vent his anger, because before Ma Jian was sent away, many generals expressed their opposition;The second is that Ma Jian issued a military order to save his life, so Zhuge Liang had to kill him. Why did Zhuge Liang kill Ma Jian with tears?In fact, it is not difficult to understand, because he is actually crying for two people, one is Ma Yan, whom he regards as his son, and the other is Liu Bei, his former master. The reason why he cried for Ma Jian was because Zhuge Liang had always been very important to Ma Tan, and the two had a very personal relationship. The reason why Liu Bei cried was because he had warned Zhuge Liang before his death not to let Ma Jian carry a heavy burden. Zhuge Liang regretted that he didn't listen to Liu Bei's words at the beginning, which led to his defeat and Ma Yan.
When Zhuge Liang killed Ma Yan, there were tears in his eyes, they could guess. Although victory and defeat are common things in soldiers, losing a battle and killing a decisive general is the beginning of negative spirit. With such a defeat, how could Kong Ming not be sad?