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In recent years, the rapid development of the global digital economy has also led to changes in the world. With the blessing of the latest digital technology, digital technology has emerged at the right time, and has rapidly developed into a new form of competition pursued by countries after goods and services, and has a profound impact on the global model and pattern.
Digital**, according to the definition of the Manual on the Measurement of Digital** jointly published by international organizations such as the OECD, the WTO and the IMF in 2019, digital** refers to the international transaction of goods or services through computer networks, in the form of digital ordering or digital delivery. According to the "Annual Observation Report on Global Digital Economic and Trade Rules (2023)" released by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, it believes that digital ** is an international first-class new business format empowered by digital technology, with data flow as the key traction, with digital infrastructure such as modern information networks as important carriers, and with digital platforms as strong support. Comparatively speaking, the definition given by the Academy of Information and Communications Technology is more complex, making it difficult to understand clearly what the number ** is. Actually,Digital** is not complicated, but in simple terms, there are two main categories: one is goods or services that are delivered digitally(e.g. games, software, and **).The second is to achieve it through digital channelsDeliveredgoods or servicesFor example, cross-border e-commerce, ** Transaction).
On November 23, 2023, the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China released the "China Digital Development Report (2022)", which basically follows the definition given by the above-mentioned international organizations. According to the report, in 2022, China's import and export value of digitally deliverable services was 3,727$100 million, an increase of 34%；The import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce reached 211 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 98%。Among them, in terms of digital sub-fields, digital products are mainly embodied in games, film and television and literary works, digital technology is mainly reflected in telecommunication networks, computers and information services, and digital services are mainly finance, insurance and pension.
If you look at the data of the numbers themselves, the performance is outstanding. However, if you analyze it from the perspective of horizontal comparison, you will find some different problems. Also taking the data of the Ministry of Commerce as an example, the total import and export volume of China's services in 2022 will be 59,801900 million yuan, equivalent to about 836.4 billion US dollars at the current exchange rate. Well, the aforementioned one"Digitally deliverable services" account for the total number of services in the country。It can be seen that digital services occupy a pivotal position in services**, and the proportion will further increase in the future. According to customs statistics, the total import and export value of China's foreign trade in 2022 will be 4207 trillion yuan, then the aforementioned one"Cross-border e-commerce" occupies the total value of the country's foreign tradeObviously, this proportion is relatively low.
It is worth thinking about that, as a product of the deep integration of digital technology and international technology, digital technology has created new channels and shaped a new ecology. But if that's ifJust staying at the promotion of digital product delivery and retail consumer goods transactions represented by cross-border e-commerce cannot be used as high as othersTrillion yuan of tradition**SharesThe words that have a transformative impact have to do with people's numbersHeightExpectations do not coincide
According to the latest data released by the General Administration of Customs on December 7, 2023, from January to November this year, the total import and export value of China's goods was 3796 trillion yuan. Of these, export 216 trillion yuan, imports 1636 trillion yuan, **surplus of 5.24 trillion yuan. Judging from the import of bulk commodities, before this yearmonths, iron ore, ** coal, natural gas and soybeans, etcSix categoriesTotal value of importstrillion yuan, occupyAllof the total amount of imports
Here, I believe many people will ask, why should we focus on the import end of commodities?Bulk commodities refer to commodities that can be traded in large quantities for industrial and agricultural production and consumption in the field of circulation, but are not retail, mainly including energy, basic raw materials and agricultural and sideline products. Its importance is mainly reflected in: First, the batch import volume is large, the value of goods is high, for example, in the first 11 months of this year, the total import value of only six bulk commodities was as high as 449 trillion yuan, which is incomparable to other ** categories. Second, commodities are the basic and raw material products that all walks of life rely on to maintain their operation, and they have a strong "cost" transmission effect, and small changes may import external risks into the country in a passive way, causing fluctuations and inflationary pressure in the domestic market. Third, China is already the world's largest producer and exporter of industrial products, and the annual demand for global bulk commodities is strong, and bulk commodities are directly related to the external competitiveness of China's export commodities and the safety and stability of the entire chain and industrial chain.
However, the reality isCommoditiesIn stock**Still stuck in the traditionalOffline, ** Transaction).stage。Although there are ** exchanges and ** markets, but the current ** market has become the world of ** and speculative capital, the number of real real industry enterprises is very small, and the actual scale of goods delivered is even more insignificant. The trading, settlement, delivery, logistics, finance and related services of the entire commodity ** are basically free from the digital era, although individual links have realized the application of digital systems, but the overall situation is still still dependent on the traditional credit endorsement of the main enterprise, the circulation of paper documents, and human participation in the operation of each linkResulting in commodity spot**It is difficult to achieve effective supervision of goods, and it is difficult to really get up chain financeCosts remain high, and efficiency is difficult to improve
Why?The reason why the spot commodity is so is mainly caused by two aspects: first, the global commodity pattern has long been formed, the business process operation is mature, and the upstream supply is firmly controlled by foreign monopoly capital. Taking wheat and soybeans as examples, the global grain and oil market is basically controlled by the four major ABCD grain merchantsIron ore** is controlled by the Big Four of Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton, FMG and Vale. They hold the first-hand source of global bulk commodities, market pricing power and stable channels, and it is difficult for the outside world to rely on traditional means to carry out changes. The second is that the bulk commodity spot is large, the value of the goods is high, and there are many links involved, once a link is out of control, it will have a wide range of negative impacts. Although the latest digital technology is being actively promoted and applied in all walks of life, it is undeniable that it is still immature. Moreover, the bulk commodity spot ** processes are interlocking, and if it cannot be systematically applied in the whole link, it still cannot meet the requirements of risk control. In this case, it is not unreasonable for the participants of commodities to be cautious about this.
The birth of the number ** is the spot commodity **of the transformationOffered the possibility。As the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology believes that digital technology, digital technology is the fundamental force driving the transformation of traditional forms, data is the core production factor and driving force of digital development, and digital platform is an important hub for the convergence and exchange of digital information. For example, relying on the latest Internet of Things and artificial intelligence technology, after the all-round digital transformation of the traditional warehouse, it can realize the real-time control of the whole process from arrival, warehousing, storage, delivery, inventory, transfer, etc., to solve the core cargo supervision problem in the traditional bulk commodity spot. The use of blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering, real-time sharing, permanent storage, etc., which can not only effectively solve the problem of inconsistency between goods and warehouse receipts, but also can be used to confirm the registration of rights and achieve real-time clearing, so as to eliminate the counterparty risk caused by delayed liquidation. If combined with big data, cloud computing, edge computing and other systematic means, it can more efficiently realize the "four flows in one" of goods flow, capital flow, information flow and bill flow in the process of bulk commodity spot, and greatly improve efficiency.
In addition, relying on the latest form of digital **, it is expected to break the situation that commodities are controlled by international monopoly capital by finding another way. Through the digital platform support system, it directly connects the domestic demand side and the foreign source supply side, reduces the cost of intermediate links, and weakens the control of foreign capitalAt the same time, it can also bypass the US dollar settlement system and realize direct settlement in RMB, which is of great significance for the in-depth promotion of the "Belt and Road" international cooperation initiative.
In reality, for the digital transformation of commodity spot trading, some regions in China have taken the lead in exploring. In August 2022, the Qingdao area of the Shandong Pilot Free Trade Zone was establishedThe country's first digital platform for commodity spot tradingAttemptPromote the traditional waydigital reconstruction。They mainly start from the functional services such as digital warehouses and digital warehouse receipts, use advanced digital technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and blockchain to create reliable digital transaction scenarios, integrate online trading systems, optimize the settlement and clearing system, and solve the problem that the "four flows" of information flow, capital flow, goods flow, and bill flow in the existing bulk commodity process are difficult to integrate. Since the launch of the platform, a total of 3.21 million tons of spot transactions of various bulk commodities have been realized, with a spot trading volume of 37.5 billion yuan.
In January 2023, Shandong Province issued the "China (Shandong) Free ** Pilot Zone Deepening Reform and Innovation Plan".Build a "digital warehousing" for bulk commoditiesDigitize transactionsDigital Finance" Ecosystem。Enhance the service level of existing bulk commodity trading venues, support the development of bulk commodity trading business between spot and **, and encourage cross-border RMB settlement. So far, the continuous exploration of Shandong Province has made a good start for the development of digital ** in the field of commodity spot trading. I am a science and technology creator Note: This article is original, **Please indicate the source.