On July 7, 1937, the Lugou Bridge Incident marked the beginning of Japan's full-scale invasion of China. In August, the Japanese army provoked an incident under the pretense of the Hongqiao Airport incident, which then evolved into the fuse for the outbreak of the Battle of Songhu. What the three-month large-scale battle finally presented to the world was: 700,000 ** could not win the "joke" of 200,000 Japanese troops.
Japan's strategy is fully prepared.
First, let's look back at Japan at that time. In order to better carry out its strategy of all-out aggression against China, Japan has not only mobilized its entire strength economically, militarily, but even culturally to make preparations. As early as 1929, Japan conducted a number of large-scale national mobilization exercises in the country to train the armed forces on how to produce munitions and ensure the transportation of munitions in war. Control over the national economy has been strengthened through measures such as the establishment of the Provisional Industrial Administration Bureau and the promulgation of the Law on the Control of Important Industries. At the same time, Japan also carefully planned so-called "staff trips" to conduct reconnaissance throughout Northeast China and advance its ambitions against China.
Decision-making failures and political interference.
Secondly, there are two main reasons for the fiasco of the 700,000-strong army in the country. First of all, the mistakes of the decision-making level delayed the optimal time and led to the defeat of the operation. After the Battle of Songhu, Chiang Kai-shek naively believed that the war was not a purely military war, so he considered more political reasons when making decisions. Chiang Kai-shek, in order to win the support of the Western powers, bet on the Brussels Conference on the fate of 700,000 troops without fully considering China's local conditions, which can be described as ridiculous. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek adopted a policy of "forbearance" because of the mediation of Britain, France, the United States and Italy, and under the rampant attack of the Japanese army, he repeatedly issued orders to suspend the attack, resulting in the loss of the first opportunity. If Chiang Kai-shek had been able to fully exert the courage of a decision-maker, the situation would not have been so passive.
Tactical mistakes led to defeat.
The mistakes of the decision-making level are not only in the control of the battlefield situation, but also in the formulation of tactics. At that time, the Kuomintang army adopted the form of setting up a defensive line with heavy regiments and placing a long snake formation in a narrow area on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The original intention of this tactic was to reduce the gap between friend and foe, but the drawbacks led to the crowd tactic becoming a fueling tactic. The defense of the front battlefield was made up of the corpses of the soldiers, and this method of fighting finally consumed only 40,000 Japanese troops, while the Kuomintang army lost more than 200,000 men, and the sacrifice was heavy.
The Arms Gap and the Spirit of Bushido.
Finally, in terms of military preparation, neither ** nor the quality of the soldiers can match it. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan's militarism became more and more serious, and even reached a situation where all the people were soldiers. In Japan at that time, almost all young adults were called up to join the army. Due to the militarized management of the Japanese army, the training of soldiers has even reached a kind of "** level." The soldiers strongly admired the spirit of bushido, and in terms of individual combat ability, they emphasized "white-edged doctrine". According to statistics, in white-knuckle combat, a Japanese infantry needs to be able to withstand three to five, or even six or seven Chinese soldiers.
The fiasco of the Battle of Songhu was fatal for these three reasons, and it was also a painful lesson. But the most memorable and admirable thing in this war are the soldiers who fought for their lives. It was they who used their own flesh and blood to resist the aggression of the Japanese army, and even though they were defeated in the end, their spirit of not being afraid of sacrifice and sacrificing their lives for the country inspired the people to move forward. The fiasco in the Battle of Songhu began to show signs of decline when Chiang Kai-shek pinned his hopes on the international community, but the reason for the fiasco of the 700,000-strong army was not only this, but also more armaments and strategic impropriety.
Battle of Songhu: Why did 700,000 ** suffer a crushing defeat to 200,000 Japanese troops?The article profoundly revealed the predicament and reasons for China's Japanese aggression at that time. While expounding on historical events, we can't help but think about and reflect on the decisions and strategies of that era.
The article begins by pointing out that Japan was fully prepared at that time, and that it invested the whole country, both economically, militarily, and culturally. This includes not only large-scale exercises of military force, but also strict control of the national economy. Through these means, Japan made full preparations in advance for its strategy of all-out aggression against China, allowing it to take the initiative when war broke out.
The mistakes of the decision-making level were also one of the key reasons for the failure of the Battle of Songhu. Chiang Kai-shek focused too much attention on the international political arena in the early stages of the war and neglected the importance of the military dimension. Its over-reliance on the Brussels Conference, as well as its overly "forbearing" policy in the mediation of Britain, France and the United States, made ** lose the opportunity and eventually led to a decline.
Tactical mistakes should not be overlooked. The article pointed out that although the original intention of the long snake formation was to reduce the gap between the enemy and us, it actually led to the crowd tactics becoming refueling tactics. This tactic not only led to a heavy defeat, but also caused the loss of the initiative to win. The army's mobility and reaction speed on the battlefield were noticeably insufficient, which led to passiveness throughout the combat process.
Finally, the disparity in armaments was one of the main reasons for the defeat of the Battle of Songhu. Japan's all-soldier system and extreme training of soldiers have made them more capable of fighting as individual soldiers on the battlefield. In comparison, the equipment and military training pale in comparison. The article mentions the lack of ** in ** supply, and even the use of earthen guns in the late Qing Dynasty, which undoubtedly puts ** at a significant disadvantage on the battlefield.
Overall, the defeat at the Battle of Songhu was the result of a combination of multiple reasons. Mistakes at the decision-making level, tactical problems and disparities in armaments all contributed to the rout. However, in this defeat, we can also see the indomitable spirit of those soldiers who sacrificed their lives for the country. This spirit has left a deep imprint on the long river of history and has inspired future generations to continue to work hard for the independence of the country and the tranquility of the people.
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