In China, academician is the highest academic title in science and technology established by the state, and it is a lifelong honor. Academicians usually refer to academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or the Chinese Academy of Engineering, who are the wealth of the country, the pride of the people, and the glory of the nation. So, what rank is an academician?What rights and obligations do they have?How do they come into being and exit?This article will give you a detailed introduction to the ranks, functions, systems and development of academicians.
1. The rank of academicians.
The rank of academician can be divided differently from different perspectives. From the perspective of administrative level, the work treatment enjoyed by academicians is equivalent to that of the deputy ministerial level, and their post salary even exceeds that of the management personnel of public institutions at the ministerial level. From the perspective of academic level, academicians belong to the first level of professional and technical level, that is, the first level of professor, which is the highest level of professional and technical posts set up by public institutions. From the perspective of social status, academicians are the highest advisory body of the state in science and technology, an important participant and promoter of major national science and technology decisions, a leader and benchmark of science and technology, a disseminator and popularizer of science and technology, an innovator and leader of science and technology, a builder and demonstrator of science and technology ethics and fashion, a reserve force of science and technology and a cultivator and mentor of talents, a bridge and link for international exchanges and cooperation in science and technology, and a defender and defender of the honor and dignity of science and technology。
2. Functions of academicians.
The functions of academicians are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1) Consultation and review. Academicians accept the entrustment or according to their own suggestions, organize the major scientific and technological issues in the national economic construction and social development, science and technology development planning, discipline development strategy and major scientific and technological decision-making to provide consultation, and promote the formulation and implementation of scientific and technological policies and measures. Academicians are also entrusted to organize the review and guidance of important research areas, research plans and academic issues of research institutions.
2) Elected. Academicians organize the election of academicians and foreign academicians, elect and be elected as members of the permanent leading body of the Division, and elect and be elected as members of the Party Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The election of academicians implements a recommendation system, does not accept individual applications, adheres to standards, follows the principles of fairness and objectivity, and conducts a comprehensive, objective and scientific evaluation of candidates.
3) Academic activities. Academicians organize and carry out academic activities, exchange and cooperation with academic groups at home and abroad, and promote the development and popularization of science and technology. Academicians also actively participate in popular science education in the state and society, popularize scientific knowledge, improve scientific literacy, cultivate scientific spirit, and promote scientific culture.
4) Morality. Academicians organize and carry out activities related to the construction of scientific ethics and style of study, abide by the academicians' charter and code of conduct, and maintain the reputation of the academician group and the department. Academicians also set an example by setting a model of scientific ethics, advocating the scientific spirit of integrity, innovation, cooperation and dedication, opposing academic misconduct, fraud, plagiarism, plagiarism and other behaviors, and creating a good academic atmosphere.
5) Talent training. Academicians actively promote the construction of scientific and technological teams, cultivate and introduce all kinds of scientific and technological talents, especially high-level innovative talents. Academicians also serve as professors, tutors, and researchers in colleges and universities and scientific research institutions, guiding and cultivating postdoctoral, doctoral, master's and other reserve talents, and inheriting and developing theories and methods of science and technology.
3. The system of academicians.
The academician system mainly includes the following aspects:
1) Academician Charter. The Academician Charter is the basis and fundamental basis for the work and rules and regulations of the Division, which is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and laws and the Constitution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is formulated and revised by the Academician Assembly. The Articles of Association stipulate the criteria and conditions, rights and obligations, formation and withdrawal of academicians, as well as the functions, organization, and work of the Division.
2) Academician Conference. The Academician Conference is the highest form of organization of the Faculty and is held every two years. The functions of the academician conference include the implementation of the important spirit of the academic Xi and the major deployment and requirements for the development of science and technology, the review of the work report of the permanent leading body, the election of the presidium members of the department, the formulation and revision of the academician charter, the decision on the establishment and adjustment of the professional department, the development of academic activities, the deliberation and decision of other major matters, etc.
3) Presidium of the Division. The Presidium of the Division is the permanent leading body of the Division during the intersessional period of the Academician Conference, which is composed of academicians, including the President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Vice President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences responsible for the work of the Division, and the leaders of the relevant colleges, the directors of the Standing Committees of the Departments of each specialty, the directors of the special committees, and the representatives of the academicians elected by the Academician Congress. The functions of the Presidium of the Faculty include deciding to convene and preside over the Academician Congress, deliberating and deciding on the proposals submitted to the Academician Congress, making suggestions on the establishment and adjustment of the Faculty of Specialization, and approving the Standing Committee and the Special Committee of the Faculty of Specialization** The list of members, determine the total number of academicians to be elected and their allocation, approve the list of valid candidates and the list of candidates for final election, determine the number of foreign academicians to be elected, approve the list of valid candidates and elect foreign academicians, decide on major matters of the Division, organize and carry out various tasks of the Division, etc.
4) Faculty of Specialized Studies. At present, there are 12 professional departments, namely the Department of Mathematical Physics, the Department of Chemistry, the Division of Life Science and Medicine, the Division of Geosciences, the Faculty of Engineering Sciences, the Faculty of Information Technology Science, the Faculty of Materials Science, the Faculty of Energy and Mining Sciences, the Faculty of Environmental and Resource Sciences, the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, and the Faculty of Management Sciences. Each department has a standing committee, composed of a director, a deputy director, and a number of committee members, who are responsible for the day-to-day work of the department. The functions of the Faculty of Majors include organizing and carrying out consultation and evaluation, academic activities, ethics, and personnel training in the field of disciplines, participating in the recommendation, evaluation, and voting of the election of academicians, putting forward suggestions for the establishment and adjustment of the Faculty of Majors, and assisting the Presidium of the Faculty to complete other tasks.
5) Special committees. According to the nature of the work and the division of tasks, there are currently 8 special committees, namely the Advisory and Evaluation Committee, the Election Committee, the Academic Activities Committee, the Scientific Ethics and Study Style Construction Committee, the Talent Training Committee, the International Cooperation Committee, the Science Education Committee and the Academician Affairs Committee. Each special committee is composed of a director, a deputy director and a number of members, who are responsible for the day-to-day work of the special committee. The functions of the special committee include organizing and carrying out the relevant work of the special committee, and assisting the presidium of the division to complete other work.
6) Academician affairs. Academician affairs refer to the affairs related to the selection, withdrawal, rights, obligations, treatment, honor, discipline, etc., which are managed and handled by the Presidium of the Faculty and the Academician Affairs Committee. The content of academician affairs includes the co-optation, withdrawal, honorary titles, rewards, punishments, treatment, welfare, security, service, supervision, evaluation, etc. of academicians.
Fourth, the development of academicians.
The development of academicians is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1) The number of academicians. The number of academicians is an important indicator of the Faculty, reflecting the size and strength of the Faculty. The number of academicians shall be determined by the presidium of the department according to the needs of national scientific and technological development and the actual situation of the department, and the total number of academicians shall not exceed 80 for each election, of which no more than 8 shall be foreign academicians. At present, there are 892 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including 40 foreign academiciansThere are 904 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, including 38 foreign academicians.
2) The structure of the academicians. The structure of academicians is an important feature of the Division, reflecting the discipline layout and talent echelon of the Division. The structure of academicians is adjusted by the presidium of the Faculty according to the direction and focus of national scientific and technological development, as well as the laws and trends of the development of disciplines of the Division, and is evaluated every two years and revised every four years. The structure of academicians includes subject areas, professional directions, age groups, gender ratios, geographical distribution, nationality affiliation, etc. At present, the disciplines of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cover many fields such as natural science, engineering technology, management science, etc., and the professional directions cover mathematics, physics, chemistry, life, earth, information, materials, energy, environment, agriculture, medicine, management and other directions, and the age groups are distributed in the age groups under 50 years old, 50-60 years old, 60-70 years old, 70-80 years old, 80 years old and other segments, and the gender ratio is 95:1, the geographical distribution is mainly in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, the nationality is mainly Chinese, and foreigners account for 45%。The disciplines of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering cover many fields such as engineering technology, natural science, management science, etc., and the professional directions cover civil engineering, machinery, electronics, chemical engineering, metallurgy, transportation, aviation, aerospace, shipbuilding, water conservancy, energy, mining, environment, agriculture, medicine, construction, light industry, textile, information, management and other directions, and the age group is distributed in the age group under 50 years old, 50-60 years old, 60-70 years old, 70-80 years old, 80 years old and other segments, and the gender ratio is 97:1, the geographical distribution is mainly in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, the nationality is mainly Chinese nationality, and foreign nationality accounts for 42%。
3) Contribution of academicians. The contribution of the Fellows is an important achievement of the Division, reflecting the academic level and social influence of the Division. The contributions of academicians are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Scientific research. Academicians have carried out original, cutting-edge and strategic scientific research in their respective disciplines and professional directions, made major scientific discoveries and technological innovations, and made important contributions to the country's scientific and technological progress and economic and social development. The academician also enjoys a high reputation in the international academic community, and has won a number of scientific awards and honorary titles at home and abroad, such as the highest national science and technology award, the national natural science award, the national technological invention award, the national science and technology progress award, the international science award, and the academician of the foreign academy of sciences.
Talent development. Academicians have served as professors, tutors, researchers and other positions in colleges and universities and scientific research institutions, and have cultivated a large number of high-level innovative talents such as postdoctoral fellows, doctoral students, and master's students, making important contributions to the country's scientific and technological talent reserve and academic inheritance. Academicians have also served as consultants, experts, committee members and other positions in all walks of life, providing professional advice and guidance for the country's scientific and technological decision-making and management, and making important contributions to the country's scientific and technological innovation and transformation.