According to research, infertility is not a single disease, but a comprehensive clinical manifestation of multiple diseases. There are many factors that can cause infertility in men and women, with 40% of men having problems leading to infertility, 50% of women causing infertility, and another 10% of infertility due to unknown causes.
In China, infertility diseases are also becoming more and more common, and infertility caused by immune factors is called immune infertility, which is also a common disease in recent years, accounting for about 10% to 30% of infertility patients.
Based on this, the following is a detailed analysis of the specific adverse effects of immune factors on pregnancy
Immunity is a physiological function of the human body to recognize and eliminate foreign and internal non-hexane antigens to maintain relative stability of the body. In order to destroy and reject antigenic substances that enter the human body, or damaged cells and tumor cells produced by the human body itself, etc., to ensure the health of the human body.
If the immune response of the reproductive system is triggered by its own anti-causes, it produces spontaneous immunity to any link in the reproductive process, including anti-sperm antibodies, anti-egg antibodies, anti-endometrial antibodies, anti-phosphatidic acid antibodies and other types of immune infertility.
Immune factors have three major influences on pregnancy.
1) Reduce the fertilization rate: Immune infertility caused by the production of anti-sperm antibodies is common in clinical practice, due to the inflammation of the woman's reproductive tract, the local exudation increases, and the immune-related cells enter the reproductive tract, and the mucosa of the reproductive tract is permeable and changes, which enhances the absorption of sperm antigens, and the role of infectious factors such as bacteria and viruses enhances the body's immune response to sperm antigens, then the local and serum anti-sperm antibodies in the reproductive tract affect the motility of sperm, interfere with and hinder fertilization, and reduce the fertilization rate.
2) Affect embryo implantation: In immune infertility, anti-endometrial antibodies, which are autoantibodies that target the endometrium and cause a series of immune reactions, are produced by two mechanisms, one is the ectopic endometrial stimulation system;The second is autoimmune deficiency. The uterus is the main place of embryo implantation and growth and development, once the endometrium is abnormal, such as inflammation, ectopia, etc., it is likely to be gradually converted into antigen or hapten, and then stimulate the woman's body to produce corresponding antibodies, in this state, the implanted embryo will be difficult to implant, so that the pregnancy failure. In addition, embryos with antibodies attached to the surface are also extremely detrimental to implantation and growth and development.
3) Miscarriage: If a woman's immune system defense function is abnormal, resulting in a series of immunopathological processes, including infection, immune deficiency, autoimmune diseases and tumors, which not only makes it difficult to conceive, but also easily causes miscarriage. In addition, if a woman has an anticardiolipin antibody, it will combine with the phospholipids on the blood vessel wall, destroy the vascular endothelium and form a thrombus, resulting in local tissue blood supply disorders, reduced blood supply, and easy to cause embryo implantation is not firm, resulting in miscarriage.
IVF technology is an effective way to solve the problem of infertility, which can help couples who encounter fertility problems to successfully have a healthy baby. For infertility caused by immune factors, the fertility specialist will treat the symptoms and ensure the safety and health of the patient, so that you can have a good pregnancy, smooth pregnancy and successful delivery.
However, if you are a woman who is anti-endometrial or anticardiolipin antibodies, in addition to dealing with antibodies, it is also necessary to ensure that infection, trauma, uterine morphology, and endometrial receptivity are in good condition, otherwise adverse outcomes such as transplant failure, fetal abortion, and miscarriage cannot be avoided.