July 1951, at this time the start of the Korean War had passedIt's been more than 9 monthsAnd the Americans, who had been planning to use war to gain benefits on the Korean Peninsula, finally could not sit still.
ArrogantMacArthurI thought that this war had ended since I made a bold and successful landing at Incheon, and even if the squadron entered, under the blow of its all-round air supremacy, the squadron that had just finished the civil war would definitely not be able to resist its own steel torrent.
However,End of November 1950, as the horn of the charge sounded at Changjin Lake, with the heroic and fearless charge of the Ninth Corps of the Volunteer Army began, and the 1st Marine Division of the 3-bombed Watergate Bridge crossed the borderNot only MacArthur was stunned, but the entire United States was stunned.
So in July 1951,Armistice talks between the two sides are finally on the tableIt's time to sit down and talk.
But what I didn't expect was that this talk would be a full two years. The two sides stopped talking, and even when the negotiations were about to be completed, they directly found Mr. Peng: "The signing of the armistice must be postponed!”
So, what's going on?And who made *** so angry?It all starts from the beginning.
It can be said that the Americans did not negotiate with sincerity at all from the very beginning.
On the one hand, the US side never thought that it would be the defeated side, even if something similar had happenedChangjin LakeIn such a tragic war, the Americans are still qualified to call the tables at the negotiating table.
On the other hand, the Americans have always felt that their position in the international community is unquestionable, whether it is economic power or military, or even the nuclear threat. There is no need for them to whisper to their negotiators on both sides.
Interestingly, before the first meeting between the two sides,The Americans actually went with a white flag。What does that mean?Don't Americans know that the white flag represents surrender?Are they going to surrender?
Of course not!The reason behind the Americans doing this is ironic. Because China and North Korea hope that the Americans will negotiate under the red flag, the original intention of this is that whether it is in China or North Korea, red means a happy event, and the armistice is a happy event no matter what.
But the Americans don't think so anymore, let me fly the red flag?Isn't this the banner of communism?!ThatI can't do it!So the Americans preferred to enter the venue with a white flag rather than accept the request to fly the red flag!
This amusing little episode inadvertently turned out to be the epitome of a whole two-year negotiation process. The Americans' style of arguing with details doomed the road ahead for this negotiation to be bumpy and long.
Sure enough, the Americans took the lead in making efforts, hoping to move the territorial division between the two sides from the 38th parallel to the north, and even wanted to draw itThirty-nine line。I just want to take it for nothing1.20,000 square kilometersland. This made the Chinese and North Korean deputies, who insisted on using the 38th parallel as the boundary, very angry.
What's even more infuriating is that the reason of the Americans turned out to be -This is a "compensation for sea and air superiority" for the US military.
Of course, China and the DPRK will not agree to the unreasonable demands of the Americans, not to mention anything else, if I agree to end the war in this way, will it not be tantamount to us admitting that we have lost?
The Americans immediately and unceremoniously said, if you can't accept it, then let the bombs, artillery and machine guns come and debate with you!
Not to mention the representatives of the North Korean side, let's just say that the temper of Mr. Peng, the commander-in-chief of our Volunteer Army, can he get used to the United States?Until you get dressed!
So the two sides started to do it again without saying a word, and the Americans led the joint ** to launch it continuouslySummer-autumn offensive, taking advantage of the fact that the volunteers were disturbed by the flood, most of the fortifications were destroyed.
But even in this unfavorable environment, by2 monthsThe fierce battle, the joint ** only pushed the entire front forward2 km
Immediately,RidgwayRealizing a crucial issue, no one can believe that they can achieve a total victory with these limited forces.
RidgwayIn other words, this battle cannot be won. What if you can't win?Let's move on!
The time has come1952 yearThe United States today expressed its willingness to use the 38th parallel as the boundary and turn around and work hard on the control of some specific areas.
As a result, the fight broke out again, and the problem was finally solved, and the two sides ended up again"Prisoners of war".Why is this a matter of dispute?
Someone may have asked, about the question of prisoners of war, back in the dayGeneva International Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of WarIsn't there a clear rule?How can this still be a reason to influence the armistice?Could it be that someone wants to blatantly violate an internationally recognized treaty such as the Geneva Conventions?
The Americans still can't save their face, they always think that they are retreating again and again in negotiations, and they have not thought clearly about their position in the slightest. They think that they have invested so much that they have not taken advantage of it at all, and they are just losing
But the beautiful country is really a scoundrel, and he rolls around. Prisoners of war, they proposed, should"One-to-one release".
What is called"One-to-one release".”In fact, it is literal, we Americans put one, you put one, and we will exchange one-on-one fairly.
The Geneva Treaty provides that:At the end of the war, prisoners of war should be released and repatriated without delay. Let's just say that the comparison of prisoners of war between the two sides at that time showed that there were more than 10,000 prisoners of war on the Chinese and North Korean sides, while the Americans were amazing130,000 people!
So why is there such a big gap?There are two reasons.
First, the style of China and North Korea is that either the prisoners of war will be released on the spot, or they will be "naturalized"!A significant proportion of the prisoners of war captured by China and North Korea were Koreans.
Although they and the North Koreans were already compatriots, although there were ideological opposites, they were essentially the same nation at that time, so a large number of South Korean prisoners of war had already been incorporated into the Korean People's Army. But the U.S. side is different.
On the other hand,The US military has absolute air supremacy。Although the situation has improved somewhat due to the Soviet Air Force's covert participation in the war, it has only improved somewhat, and the Korean People's Army and our Chinese Volunteers still have to face wanton and indiscriminate bombing by planes at all times and at all times.
It is already difficult to protect oneself in such a situation, and how can one control the prisoners of war well?Therefore, dead and missing prisoners of war are not a small number.
Therefore, when Lao Mei put forward this condition, it is difficult for the representatives of China and North Korea. China and the DPRK refused on the spot!The Americans are also not good at breaking the Geneva Conventions, so they have come up with something more interesting"Voluntary repatriation".
It is said that it is voluntary repatriation, and nominally it is for the prisoners of war to choose yes for themselves"Stay".Or return to China and North Korea, in fact, through a series of means to coerce the prisoners of war not to dare to go back, thus"Voluntary"."Stay".
On the one hand, they are afraid that the combat effectiveness of the People's Army and the Volunteer Army will be enhanced after the prisoners of war return, and on the other hand, they use this to smear the communist camp and try to say:The darkness of communism did not even their soldiers want to serve them anymore.
However, as long as the brain is not broken, it is easy to see it. The soldiers of our volunteer army sacrificed their lives and forgot their deaths, and were brave and invincible, how could they not be willing to come back?
The negotiations are deadlocked again, so what if they are deadlocked?Of course it's hit!
Against this background, tragicBattle of ShangganlingBegun.
Both sides were engaged in a tragic tug-of-war of loss and gain and loss on various positions on Shangganling, and both sides suffered heavy casualties.
It lasted 43 days before and after, in 3More than 2.3 million shells were fired over an area of 7 square kilometers, and the soil on the ridge was blown up at least 3 meters on average.The Chinese People's Volunteer Army is huge, but the spirit of never taking a step back handed down by the volunteers has also dealt a heavy blow to the Americans, and the United States once again thought of negotiations without the slightest bargain.
This time, it was almost over, but another spoiler appeared, angering, which led to the war being prolonged a bit.
**。Originally, the two sides involved in the war, which had been in trouble because of the prisoner of war issue, could not get off the stage of each other, and it was not known when the war would end.
However, no matter what side or any country does, they do not want to escalate the war into a world war, not to mention the nuclear threat, and the countries that have just gone through the baptism of World War II absolutely do not want to set off another world war.
Plus the American sideTrumanStepping down,EisenhowerIn office, he needs to end the war as soon as possible to fulfill his promise to the people.
Eisenhower
That's right, no matter what, the people don't want to fight such a war. Once the war machine is turned on, the most direct victims are the people. Even if they weren't at the center of the maelstrom of war.
As for our country, we also suggested that the front should distinguish priorities and negotiate more flexibly. The U.S. side also shelved the controversial issue and offered to exchange wounded and sick prisoners of war first.
Another important point is:Stalin died. The Soviet Union had no choice but to stop the loss in time, hoping that the North Korean issue would be resolved as soon as possible.
In this situation, when several parties do not want to be mired in war again, the negotiations are full of light, and almost everyone believes that this war should be over, that it is time to cease fighting, and that neither side wants to fight any more.
But there is such a person, in the face of everyone's criticism and worldwide **, clamoring to continue to fight and unify the Korean Peninsula!This person is the supreme leader of the South Korean sideSyngman Rhee
Syngman Rhee can be said to be an out-and-out careerist, who ostensibly uses the power of the Americans to fight for his own interests, but behind the scenes he is absolutely unwilling to become a slave of the Americans.
Seeing that the two sides still want a truce, what about their own interests?What about the ambition to unify the entire Korean Peninsula on its own?What about the opportunity to make a name for yourself?
So South Korea launched a political mobilization, and the mood of the whole people was high, opposing the armistice, and not only that, but even shouted out"Marching into the Yalu River".The arrogant declaration!
Syngman RheeEnd of June 1953, Syngman Rhee said on his face"Release".Prisoners of war, but in fact forcibly withheld Korean People's Army prisoners of war2.70 thousandPeople!This behavior not only made China and North Korea very angry, but also the Americans were dumbfounded.
However, this kind of behavior will only make people feel that this is a perfunctory act of the Americans, and in such a situation, the chairman was angry, and the iron-fisted *** immediately decided not to hurt Syngman Rhee, he didn't know how to be afraid!
So *** immediately stopped our representative and said:"The signing of the armistice must be postponed, and the decision on when it is appropriate to postpone it depends on the development of the situation. It is extremely necessary to annihilate more than 10,000 puppet soldiers. ”
On June 21, ** was made clear in telegramTo postpone the signing of the armistice, first ** Syngman Rhee will say a shot!Order the front-line troops, give me to fight the South Korean army, and don't fight the Americans unless necessary!
Commander of the front commandDeng HuawithYang DezhiImmediately carry out the order, let go of the US troops, and pick on Syngman Rhee's South Korean troops to attack!
July 13thIn the evening, our volunteers divided into three routes, and smashed the south Korean army from the eastern, central, and western directionsThe Battle of Jincheng broke out!
"If you are poor, you will be interspersed with tactics, and if you are rich, you will be covered by firepower!”
At this time, the volunteer army was no longer the weak millet plus rifle unit of the past. The artillery in the sky did not want to smash the positions of the South Korean army like money, and exceeded1000 doorsSeveral rounds of rapid fire from the artillery,1900 tonsThe shells smashed the fortified positions carefully arranged by Syngman Rhee with a snap of his fingers!
The combat effectiveness of the South Korean troops is simply not comparable to that of the US military, and the commander of the volunteer army drove straight in, chasing after the Taiji Banner, and the South Korean army cried and cried for his father, and there was no way to enter the ground in the sky!
Since the start of the war in North Korea, the volunteers have faced US troops who are like steel beasts and have high combat quality.
The various units coordinated in an orderly manner to alternate cover, and the frenzied assault finally expanded to the southMore than 160 square kilometers, killing and capturing more than 50,000 South Korean troops!
**'s original words were to eliminate more than 10,000 puppet soldiers, but this fight was more than 50,000!It's not that our army doesn't stop, it's that the enemy is too unbeatable!
So, the day after the Battle of Geumseong, the Koreans came to the peace talks with their heads down, and they no longer had the courage to raise their heads.
July 27, 1953 at 10 o'clock, the Panmunjom armistice negotiations were officially signed. This is the moment that will go down in history. After two years, this armistice agreement was finally signed. Peace is hard to come by.
The British reporter took a picture of Mr. Peng's ** and said:Through the smile on the face of this commander, you will know that this war was won by the Chinese!
And the general in charge of signing on the American side said:I was the first commander in U.S. history to sign an armistice that didn't result in victory.
Yes, the Americans used it"There was no victory. ”This is already the most negative statement they can express.
The Korean War essentially played the prestige of our volunteer army, and it was a decisive battle for the founding of the country, so that the West can no longer underestimate us, Mr. Peng said:The Korean War eloquently proved that the days when Western aggressors could occupy a country for hundreds of years with just a few cannons erected on a coast in the East are gone!
And the arrogance of the Koreans is not over, to this day, they are still living in their own way, but we have reason to believe that in the face of shameless provocations, only by hurting him, he will not dare to fight back!
** anger is not only personal anger, great people always consider the problem from the overall situation. Just as he said before the war"Fight with one punch, lest a hundred blows come. ”
I am afraid that no matter how many years history continues, the last battle of Geumseong on the Korean battlefield will become a nightmare for the South Koreans, lingering for a long time, and even waking them up again and again in such a nightmare one day in the future.
No one can bully us anymore.
Thank you!The loyal soul of the volunteers who stayed in a foreign land!This prosperous world, as you wish!