Paying taxes: the glory of the country, tax evasion: the bottom line of the law, the abyss of morality.
1. The thousand-year-old secrecy of ancient tax concealment.
In ancient times, paying taxes was not only an honorable duty of citizens, but also an indispensable force to maintain the operation of the country. However, the practice of tax evasion has been up and down in the long river of history. Concealment, that is, concealment, and the ancient tax evasion behavior was manifested as "concealment".
In ancient societies, land was a vital means of production, and the main objects of taxation were concentrated in fields and households. Tax concealment mostly starts from fields and accounts, and Qin Jian's "Legal Q&A" describes in detail a type of hidden land. Without the knowledge of the people, the ministry (local **) concealed the people's fields, and did not report those that had been leased to the people, and did not report those that had not been rented, so as to seek personal gain. This blatant tax evasion was known in the laws of the Qin Dynasty as the crime of concealing land.
2. Ancient Punishment and Tax Disputes.
In ancient times, criminal punishment was an important means of justice to deal with tax evasion. During the Qin Dynasty, there was the crime of "untruthful land", that is, the punishment of untruthful inventory and measurement of land. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu introduced the "Dutian" policy in an attempt to restrict land annexation. However, due to the strong opposition of the powerful forces, the policy could not be implemented for a long time. By concealing the actual situation of the fields and lying about the number of fields, the powerful successfully resisted the inventory policy, which led to an increase in the burden on the peasants, and finally Liu Xiu had to compromise, laying the groundwork for the financial crisis in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
3. The art of tax evasion by households and the wealthy class.
In ancient times, the household tax was levied on the basis of the population, and the tax evasion of the wealthy class was mainly through two ways: one was to conceal and omit the population through technical means;The second is *** knot, concealing true information. As early as the Qin Dynasty, through the promulgation of the Household Separation Decree, the state attempted to promote the miniaturization of the family, limiting the number of adult males in a single family. However, there are still some people who avoid taxes by not separating their households. In response to this, the state has taken measures to impose penalties, and if it is found that there are two or more men in the family, the tax will be doubled.
In the Han Dynasty, household taxes were generally levied by counties and counties, and were directly lost to feudal lords and princes, and were not included in the state revenue. In order to avoid tax evasion, the state implemented a strict feudal system for feudal lords and princes, and severely punished tax evasion. This system design makes tax evasion more difficult, but some wealthy families still try to avoid taxes by not separating their households and concealing their reports.
Fourth, the tax transformation of the Ming Dynasty and the resistance of the Donglin Party.
During the Ming Dynasty, the tax was mainly agricultural tax, and after Zhang Juzheng's reform, it gradually shifted to industry and commerce. However, this change.
It aroused the opposition of Jiangnan industrial and commercial interest groups. As the imperial court gradually gained the right to speak, the Donglin Party abolished the industrial and commercial tax, which led to a financial crisis. After the abolition of the industrial and commercial tax, the Donglin Party ushered in the abolition of the sea tax, which made the financial crisis of the Ming Dynasty worse.
In the mid-to-late Ming Dynasty, the large-scale collection of commercial taxes aroused opposition from Jiangnan industrial and commercial interest groups. The Donglin Party gradually took the lead and abolished the industrial and commercial tax, which led to an intensifying financial crisis. This process shows that the adjustment of tax policy often leads to confrontation between interest groups and even the abolition of certain types of taxes.
5. The financial crisis and tax liability of the Ming Dynasty.
During the Ming Dynasty, the fiscal crisis intensified, and the irrationality of the tax system became one of the main reasons for the fiscal problems. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen the collection of taxes at the grassroots level, the Lijia system was implemented, and the Baojia system was implemented outside it. The purpose of this organization is to strengthen the management of tax evasion and evasion through the establishment of militia organizations. However, in the face of the failure of the overall tax strategy, this organization has not brought about a fiscal turnaround.
Through the analysis of the tax problem during the Ming Dynasty, we can see that in ancient society, the rich were more able to avoid taxes, and even evade taxes. They use technical means, knots, and the right to speak to avoid tax liability, which has brought huge trouble to the national finances.
6. Summary and appeal.
Paying taxes is a noble duty of citizens and the key to the functioning of the country. Tax evasion in ancient times was not only intolerable by law, but also morally despicable. Historically, due to tax evasion by the wealthy class, the country's finances have been repeatedly hit hard, and social contradictions have been intensifying. The responsibility of paying taxes is the obligation of every citizen, and it is also the cornerstone of maintaining the prosperity and stability of the country. I hope that everyone can actively pay taxes in accordance with the law and build a better society together.
The above describes in detail the tax system and its problems in ancient society, and digs into the means and countermeasures of tax evasion and evasion by the wealthy class, as well as the impact of this phenomenon on national finances. This gave me a more comprehensive understanding of the tax system of ancient societies, and it also led to a reflection on today's tax system and thoughts on civic responsibility.
First of all, through the revelation of the phenomenon of tax concealment in ancient times, this paper vividly shows the situation of some wealthy classes in ancient society evading tax liability through various means. This is not only a violation of justice in law, but also a blasphemy against social morality. In this regard, I deeply feel that paying taxes is an honorable duty of citizens, and tax evasion is a threat to social order and stability.
Secondly, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the historical changes of the ancient tax system, especially highlighting the impact of tax policy adjustment on society in some important periods. For example, after the Donglin Party overthrew the industrial and commercial tax policy, the financial crisis of the Ming Dynasty deepened. This reminds us that when adjusting tax policies, we need to think carefully and fully consider the interests of all parties, so as to avoid long-term fiscal problems caused by short-term actions.
The article also mentions the Lijia system in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and its impact on taxation at the grassroots level. Strengthening the management of tax evasion and evasion through the establishment of militia organizations is indeed an effective means. However, the article argues that the organization failed to bring about a fiscal turnaround in the face of the failure of the overall tax strategy. This shows that a single approach cannot solve the fiscal problem, and that tax policy needs to be carefully formulated from the perspective of an overall strategy.
Finally, the article's call for tax responsibility resonated with me. Paying taxes is not only a legal obligation, but also the responsibility of every citizen for the healthy functioning of society. In today's society, we should recognize the importance of paying taxes for the development of the country and actively fulfill our tax obligations. At the same time, tax funds should also be used transparently and openly, protect citizens' right to know and participate, and establish a more fair and transparent tax system.
To sum up, this article provides an in-depth analysis of the tax system of ancient society, revealing the phenomenon of tax evasion by the wealthy class and its impact on society. Through reflection on history, we can better understand today's tax issues, cherish tax responsibilities more, and jointly contribute to the prosperity and stability of society.
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