Seeing the various states in the world Since the founding of the country in Xia Qi, because of cruelty and tyranny, there is no way to be immoral. And was cursed by the people "Time is lost, and you are dead!."Since then, in the more than 3,000 years that have been written in China, at the end of the dynasty, there will be heroes who take advantage of the situation to rise up, follow the world, and want to be the hero who "hangs the people and kills the crime and clarifies the demonic atmosphere". They raised their arms and shouted, and the responders gathered, and the people of the world responded, like the hope of a great drought. But once they emerge from the chaos, how many of them can still not forget their original intentions and forge ahead?
1: The Daze Township Uprising recorded in the history books
209 BC,"Princes and generals, rather have a kind!”Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's shouting in Daze Township not only opened the prelude to the fall of the Great Qin Empire. And it also opened the Pandora's box of chaos and hard fighting for more than 2,000 years. In the face of the surging flood of "bitter Qin for a long time", the counties of the Qin Empire collapsed in an instant, and the state officials and county magistrates who divided the boundaries for the king also defected one after another in order to protect themselves. And Chen Sheng, who could only farm for people back then, was founded with the support of a group of mud legs - Zhang Chu. vowed to let the anti-Qin spark form a prairie fire in the land of the tyrannical Qin.
But the good times didn't last long, but Chen Sheng, who had not yet become a trend at this time, had completely forgotten the past"Be rich and noble, don't forget each other".In order to cover up his history of "farming for servants when he was poor", he killed all the mud-legged brothers who came to fight the autumn wind. While he lived in seclusion to ensure his mystery and majesty, he sent people to monitor the generals who went out to fight to prevent them from disagreeing. In and out of the chariot attendants, life is poor and luxurious, the revolution has not yet succeeded but has been indulged in enjoyment, and finally the army is defeated like a mountain, and is killed by the coachman, the most famous "Daze Township Uprising" in history has come to an end hastily.
The old people tasted it and the cultivators heard it, and the Chen, said the old feelings of the king. Or said that Chen Wang said: "Ignorant and ignorant, arrogant, and light-hearted" Chen Wang beheaded ......King Chen took Zhu Fang as the center, Hu Wu as the secretary, and the chief minister ......Be loyal to scrutiny. Those who are not good will be subordinated to the subordinates. Chen Wang credited.
Two:Chen Sheng's class identity
Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng, is also involved in the word. As far as Sima Qian's account is concerned, Chen Sheng's uprising cannot be regarded as a peasant uprising. After all, the so-called characters and numbers were not the treatment that ordinary people could enjoy at that time, and from the perspective of Chen Shengzi's knowledge and vision that were far superior to those of fellow cultivators. The so-called Dazexiang Uprising was, at best, a revolutionary movement in which the declining aristocracy deliberately exploited the ignorance and blindness of the common people to realize their personal political ambitions and desires.
Fish cooking, get the fish belly book, solid to blame. In the cong ancestral hall next to Wu Guangzhi, there was a bonfire at night, and the fox shouted: "Da Chuxing, King Chen Sheng." "The pawns are terrified at night.
Besides, Chen Sheng's rebellious heart is traceable, in an era like the Qin State, which emphasizes rank, Chen Sheng, as a servant cultivator, has almost no chance of "wealth", but he laughs at him in his colleagues".If it is a servant, how rich and noble is it".issued"Huh, the bird's ambition to know the bird?”It can be seen that from the very beginning, he was unwilling to just be a domestic helper and a long-term worker. And judging from the words he spoke, he did have the condition that he was unwilling to read. In his opinion, the Qin Empire, which had just been established at this time, was tantamount to a powder keg containing the gunpowder of the six countriesEither he Chen Sheng soared into the sky, or the Qin Empire was reborn.
Three: The well-prepared Daze Township uprising
Opportunities are reserved for those who are prepared. Although the Qin Law does not have the provisions of "missing the deadline, the law should be beheaded", but this does not prevent Chen Sheng from intentionally distorting and blackening, after all, in the face of the specific situation of "losing the period", the people who have just returned to the Qin State and are not very familiar with the Qin Law do not really know what kind of punishment they will face, in addition, the fierce and mighty image left by the Qin army in the war of annihilation to everyone, as well as the anger and helplessness of being forced to leave their hometown to defend Yuyang, Chen Sheng's sentence"If you miss the deadline, you should be cut off".It is tantamount to pouring a basin of cold water into a boiling oil pot, triggering all the worries, fears, and fears of the soldiers.
Chen Sheng said: "The world has been suffering for a long time. I heard that the young son of the second emperor should not be established, and the person who should be established is the son of Fusu. Fusu gave several advices and envoys to foreign generals. Now I may hear that he is not guilty, and the second will kill him. The people heard a lot about his virtue, but they didn't know his death. Xiang Yan is a Chu general, a number of meritorious soldiers, love soldiers, and Chu people pity him. Or think death, or think death. Jincheng claims to be the son of Fusu and Xiang Yan with my fraud, and sings for the world, and it is advisable to respond more. ”
Every time I read "Historical Records" so far, I wonder whether Tai Shi Gong wrote it wrong, or if history itself is wrong. A person who makes a living from servant farming, when it is difficult to sustain food and clothing, knows all the major events in the world to this point. And in such a hasty environment, he can also make the plan of "falsely claiming to be Gongzi Fusu and Xiang Yan" and "using the power of ghosts and gods to subdue the soldiers", such decision-making and action, saying that he was a whim, do you believe it?
Chen Sheng said that "the world has been suffering for a long time", and the "world" here cannot be simply understood as "the people of the world" in my opinion, after all"The people should not start with their worries, but they can work together. "Ordinary people at all times are almost synonymous with the collective unconscious. Not to mention the time when the national consciousness has not yet been clearly awakened, and people only know how to plough between the fieldsBecause for them, no matter who became emperor, they had to farm and pay tribute and engage in conscription. "I'd rather be a peace dog than a troubled world. "Compared with the heavy conscription, they have finally escaped the fate of being pulled into the battlefield at every turn during the Warring States period and becoming cannon fodder. If it weren't for Chen Sheng's threat of "missing the deadline, the law should be killed", how could the soldiers take risks. And that's why they need to use ghosts and gods to deter their pawns.
And this kind of authoritative person (or prestige person) takes advantage of the information gap and the blind obedience and ignorance of the people to say that the behavior of cutting leeks is conclusively alarmist, even in today's information technology is so developed, there is still a big market.
Three: a peasant uprising that cannot be called a peasant uprising
After the first uprising in Daze Township, whether it was Xiang's uncle and nephew, Liu Bang's group, or the rebel armies in Yan, Zhao, Han, Wei, Qi and other places, they either replaced the county officials of the Great Qin Division, or the noble remnants of the Six Kingdoms. Peng Yue and Yingbu, who were really born in poverty, were also robbers and prisoners.
At this time, the county officials who suffered Qin officials were all punished by their chiefs and killed in response to Chen Shi. Wuchen went to Handan and established himself as the king of Zhao, and the noble man of Yan established Han Guang as the king of Yan. Di Ren Tian Dan killed Di Ling, set himself up as the king of Qi, Zhou City followed Wei, Wei land has been determined, Chen Wang is the king of Ningling as the king of Wei, sent to the country. Zhou Shi is the prime minister.The characteristics of the so-called common people can be summed up as nothing more than "governing the world with their strength, and using their lives in wartime;."Cattle and horses in prosperous times, cannon fodder in troubled times". Since ancient times, those vigorous uprisings, the main component of which is the hungry people facing the loess with their backs to the sky, but their role has always been limited to the siege of the city and the land, the real leaders are the landlords and nobles, and the only ones who can barely be linked to the peasants are the wandering "wanderers-commonly known as prodigals, bad people, ruffians, hooligans, and bastards". And the vigorous "Daze Township Uprising" is a typical example. Although Chen Sheng has the identity of a farmer who "farms for others", he is not a farmer in the real sense. The soldiers who followed his rebellion were coerced by Chen Sheng to take the glorious and great revolutionary road without knowing it, which was a collective unconscious coerced activity, and there was no consciousness and independence.
To put it mildly, the common people are just pawns that heroes and heroes have to fight for when they realize their ambitions of the Nine Dragons, because their numbers are large enough to form a vast and boundless momentum, and the ambitious people often take the initiative to bend down and use them as an excuse. This is also the reason why the slogans of the uprisings of the past dynasties are all related to "peasants and land". "The people must not be bullied" is just an ethereal rhetoric, and since ancient times, how many rulers have not done things such as "bullying the people, insulting the people, deceiving the people, deceiving the people, and harming the people"?It's just that because of the different situations, the degree of severity is different.
Therefore, the banner of "cutting down the unjustified and eliminating the tyrannical Qin" held high by the rebel army was at best an excuse for the remnants of the Six Kingdoms to rebel, just as the bandits in Liangshanbo used the banner of "doing the right thing for heaven" to cover up their crimes of burning, killing, and plundering. As for the statement that "Qin Law is tyrannical", with the continuous deepening of archaeological discoveries, its scientific and rigorous nature has been continuously proven, in other words, if it is not for the Qin Law to a certain degree of rationality, how can Qin State take off rapidly in just twenty or thirty years?How could Qin Min sigh "Great Joy" ten years after the Qin Law was practiced?
To sum up, I have always insisted that the "Daze Township Uprising" cannot simply be called the name of "Peasant Uprising", and throughout history, there are not many uprisings that can really be called "Peasant Uprising".